碳纳米管负载Co-Mo催化剂在孤岛减压渣油加氢裂化反应中的应用

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Co/Mo原子比的碳纳米管（CNT）负载Co Mo催化剂。将该系列催化剂用于孤岛减压渣油加氢裂化反应，评价其催化效果，并在相同反应条件下与 γAl2O3负载Co-Mo催化剂的催化性能进行比较。结果表明，Co-Mo/CNT催化剂的催化效果略低于Co-Mo/γAl2O3催化剂。Co/Mo原子比对Co-Mo/CNT催化剂的催化效果有较大的影响。与相同载体的催化剂相比，当Co/Mo原子比为0.50时，Co-Mo/CNT催化剂具有最佳的催化效果，而Co-Mo/γAl2O3催化剂在Co/Mo原子比为0.35时具有最佳的催化效果。     

活性炭负载的Co-Mo催化剂的加氢脱硫性能 Ⅰ.活性炭载体与γ-Al2O3的对比

 用XRD,TPR和XPS技术对Co-Mo/AC(活性炭)和Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并以二苯并噻吩HDS反应评价了催化剂的活性. 在不同温度下处理的催化剂,其活性组分高度分散在活性炭表面,未检测到明显的Mo和Co物种. 在Co-Mo/AC催化剂中,表面物种的还原温度低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的还原温度. 在260 ℃下处理的Co-Mo/AC催化剂,其表面Mo是高价态的Mo(Ⅵ),在500 ℃下处理的Co-Mo/AC催化剂,其表面存在Mo(Ⅴ)和Mo(Ⅵ)两种价态. 硫化态CoMoS/AC催化剂中存在Mo(Ⅳ)和Mo(Ⅴ)两种低价态的Mo物种,而S主要以S2-2和S2-的形式存在于MoS2和MoO3S2-中,还有部分高价态的S6+. 在硫化态CoMoS/γ-Al2O3催化剂中,Mo主要以Mo(Ⅴ)和Mo(Ⅵ)两种状态存在,而S主要以S2-2或S2-的形式存在于MoO2S2-和MoO3S2- 中,还有部分高价态的S6+. 活性评价结果表明,n(Co)/n(Mo)=0.7的Co-Mo/AC的活性高于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的活性,而其他Co/Mo比的Co-Mo/AC的活性低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的活性.     

碳纳米管负载的Co-Mo催化剂的HDS性能研究

应用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)技术对等体积浸渍法制备的Co—Mo／CNT催化剂进行了表征，采用高压微反装置、以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，对催化剂进行了HDS活性评价，XRD结果表明：260℃条件下处理催化剂，催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO3，表面物种高度分散；500℃焙烧处理的催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO2，同时在Co—Mo／CNT催化体系中出现了CoMoO3和Co2Mo3O03物种的强衍射峰，高温焙烧时催化剂活性组分在碳纳米管的表面容易聚集形成MoO2等晶体，TPR结果表明：在Co-Mo／CNT催化剂中，表面物种的还原温度低于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3中物种的还原温度，活性评价表明：催化剂的TPR特性和加氢脱硫活性有很好的对应关系，Co—Mo／CNT具有很高的加氢脱硫选择性，并且活性明显高于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3催化剂。     

以ZrO_2-Al_2O_3为载体Co-Mo-K耐硫变换催化剂的TPR研究

利用程序升温还原 (TPR)技术 ,研究了ZrO2 对Co/Al2 O3、Mo/Al2 O3、Mo -K/Al2 O3以及Co -Mo -K耐硫变换催化剂氧化还原性能的影响。结果表明 ,ZrO2 的引入 ,使活性组分在载体表面分散的更好 ,促进了Mo -K活性相的形成 ,使Co和Mo的还原变得容易 ,并起到抑制催化剂在反应中被重新氧化的作用。     

程序升温还原法表征负载贵金属催化剂

采用程序升温还原法(TPR)考察了PdO/Al2O3、PdO/Al2O3(含QYZH)、PdO/SiO2-Al2O3、PtO2/Al2O3、PtO2-Re2-Re2O7/Al2O3、PdO-PtO2/Al2O3等催化剂活性组分之间以及活性组分与载体之间的相互作用.发现催化剂经NaOH水溶液浸渍或添加了助剂QYZH能增强活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,并证明了PtO2/Al2O3催化剂中载体表面存在着强弱不同的Pt离子吸附中心(低温吸附中心和高温吸附中心),而且双金属催化剂中双金属组分之间可能存在着相互作用.     

硫化态Ru-Co-Mo/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂的表征

应用程序升温还原和化学吸附考察了硫化态Mo/Al_2O_3, Co-Mo/Al_2O_3, Ru-Mo/Al_2O_3, Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3系列催化剂中的钴与钌的助剂作用. 实验结果发现, TPR谱图中Co-Mo/Al_2O_3上的Co 中心的还原峰强度比Co/Al_2O_3上的大大降低, 并且氧在Co-Mo/Al_2O_3上化学吸附量少于分别在Co/Al_2O_3和Mo/Al_2O_3上的吸附量之和, 说明钴和钼发生了相互作用, 可能生成了所滑的CoMoS相, 减少了独立的钴或钼中心. 与Co不同, 在Ru-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上助剂钌使得部分高温还原的Mo中心位移到中温区还原, 并且还增加了H_2和O_2在Mo中心上的吸附量, 这表明在硫化和还原过程中Ru促进了Mo中心的还原, 生成了更多的配位不饱和铝中心, 在Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上也发现了类似的钌助还原现象, 钉的这种助还原功能可以用氢溢流机理来解释.     

Dibenzo二苯并噻吩在负载型 CoMoN_x/γ-Al2_O_3催化剂上的加氢脱硫

用浸渍法制备出γ- Al2 O3 负载不同 Co/( Co+ Mo)比的 Co Mo氧化物 ,以其作为前驱体 ,在 N2 - H2混合气体中程序升温反应 ,合成出一系列 Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3 催化剂 .用二苯并噻吩 ( DBT)的加氢脱硫作为模型反应 ,评价了催化剂的催化活性和选择性 .研究表明 ,Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3 催化剂催化 DBT的脱硫有两条途径 :一是直接氢解脱硫 ,产物为联苯 ;另一途径是 DBT上的苯环先加氢然后脱硫 ,主要产物是环己基苯 .其中 ,第一条途径为主要反应 .不同的预处理条件对催化剂的活性和选择性有明显影响 ,预还原并未提高催化剂的活性 ,预硫化却减低了产物的选择性 .在较宽的 Co/( Co+ Mo)比范围内 ,Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3催化剂都显示出较高的催化活性     

载体焙烧温度对Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3变换催化剂性能的影响

通过X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、程序升温脱附、程序升温还原和电子顺磁共振方法研究了焙烧温度对MgO-Al2O3载体物化结构和Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3变换催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,在600～800 ℃范围内焙烧的复合氧化物以MgAl2O4-xMgO-yAl2O3无定形形式存在,载体表面存在较多的中强酸.碱位,相应的负载催化剂具有较高的水煤气变换活性.在氧化态催化剂中存在较多八面体结构的Mo物种,而硫化态催化剂中含有较多氧硫包围的Mo物种.这些钼物种与催化剂的活性紧密相关.     

钴、钌在加氢脱硫催化剂中的助剂作用

以CO, NO, H_2, O_2作为探针分子, 应用红外光谱法和化学吸附法研究了还原态Co-Mo/Al_2O_3, Ru-Mo/Al_2O_3和Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂中Co, Ru的助剂作用。结果表明, Co担载在Mo/Al_2O_3上, 由于Co与Al_2O_3之间的相互作用减弱, Co中心上吸附CO和NO的能力增强, 改变了Mo中心吸附CO, NO, H_2,O_2的能力, 表现出Co-Mo/Al_2O_3上的Co中心性质显著地不同于Co/Al_2O_3。Ru担载在Mo/Al_2O_3或Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上, Ru自身的吸附CO, H_2, O_2能力降低, 但促进了MoO_3的还原, 使CO, NO, H_2, O_2在Mo中心上的吸附量增加。可以认为, Ru的作用是活化, 解离氢, 通过溢流氢促进配位不饱和的Mo中心生成。Ru的这种作用比Co明显。     

CoMoS/ZrO_2催化4-甲基苯酚加氢脱氧中C-O键的选择性断裂（英文）

采用饱和浸渍法制备了不同Co-Mo原子比(0.25,0.30,0.35,0.40,0.45)和Co-Mo负载量(2.35%,4.36%,7.48%和10.79%)的CoMo S/ZrO_2催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、氮气吸附和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行了表征。以4-甲基苯酚为模型化合物进行加氢脱氧反应。结果表明,当Co-Mo(Co/Co+Mo)原子比为0.30,Mo负载量为4.36%时,催化加氢活性最好,4-甲基苯酚的转化率可达99.86%,直接加氢脱氧产物甲苯的选择性达到87.85%,较高程度保持了芳环。CoMoO_4的产生不利于甲苯的生成。Co-Mo和ZrO_2之间需要适当的相互作用。     

In situ FT-IR spectroscopy investigations of carbon nanotubes supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulfurization of FCC gasoline

To better understand the nature of carbon nanotubes supported Co-Mo catalysts （Co-Mo/CNTs） for selective hydrodesulfurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline, studies are carried out using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. The catalytic performances of Co-Mo/CNTs catalysts were evaluated with a mixture of cyclohexane, diisobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene （60 ： 30 ： 5 ： 5, volume ratio） and thiophene （0.5%, ratio of total weight） as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The HDS experimental results suggested that the HDS activity and selectivity of Co-Mo/CNTs catalysts were affected by Co/Mo ratio; the optimal Co/Mo atomic ratio is about 0.4, and the optimum reaction temperature is 260 ℃. The in situ FT-IR studies revealed that 1-octene can be completely saturated at 200 ℃. In the FT-IR spectra of diisobutylene, the characteristic absorption peak around 3081 cm^-1 for the stretching vibration peak of =C-H bond was still clear at 320 ℃ indicating that diisobutylene is difficult to be hydrogenated. As for the thiophene, no characteristic absorption peak could be found around 3092 cm^-1 and 835 cm^-1 when the reaction temperature was raised to 280 ℃, indicating that thiophene had been completely hydrodesulfurized. On the basis of FT-IR results, it can be deduced that thiophene HDS reaction occurred mainly through direct hydrogenolysis route, whereas thiophene HDS and diisobutylene hydrogenation reaction over Co-Mo/CNTs catalysts might occur on two different kinds of active sites.     

Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂的原位红外光谱表征研究

采用CO和NO作为探针分子,应用原位红外光谱法(in-situ FT-IR)和程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)对Mo/γ-Al₂O₃和Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃加氢催化剂进行表征,并对催化剂进行了加氢脱硫(HDS)活性评价。实验结果表明,在Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表面存在三个吸附位;在Mo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中加入助剂钴对钼吸附位起到显著的改性作用,并且引入新的活性中心,提高了催化剂的催化活性;随着钼含量的增加,活性中心数目逐渐增多;用CO-NO共吸附原位红外光谱研究了Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表面活性中心的信息,证明不同的Mo中心分别吸附CO和NO,并将它们区分开来,解决了不同活性中心的光谱互相重叠的问题。     

States of Carbon Nanotube Supported Mo-Based HDS Catalysts

The dispersion of the active phase and loading capacity of the Mo species on carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied by the XRD technique. The reducibility properties of Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state over CNTs were investigated by TPR, while the sulfided Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were characterized by means of the XRD and LRS techniques. The activity and selectivity with respect to the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performances on carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts were evaluated. It was found that the main active molybdenum species in the oxide state MoO3/CNT catalysts were MoO2, but not MoO3, as generally expected. The maximum loading before the formation of the bulk phase was lower than 6% (percent by mass, based on MoO3). TPR studies revealed that the active species in the oxide state Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were reduced more easily at relatively lower temperatures in comparison to those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, indicating that the CNT support promoted or favored the reduction of the active species. The active species of a Co-Mo-0.7/CNT catalyst were more easily reduced than those of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts with Co/Mo atomic ratios of 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5, respectively, suggesting that the Co/Mo atomic ratio has a great effect on the reducibility of the active species. It was found that the incorporation of cobalt improved the dispersion of the molybdenum species on the support, and a phenomenon of mobilization and re-dispersion had occurred during the sulfurization process, resulting in low valence state Mo3S4 and Co-MoS2.17 active phases. HDS measurements showed that the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were more active than the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 ones for the desulfurization of DBT, and the hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts was also much higher than those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3. The Co-Mo/CNT catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.7 showed the highest activity, whereas the catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.35 had the highest selectivity.     

介孔碳担载的 Co-Mo 和 Ni-Mo 加氢脱硫催化剂

 自制介孔碳 (CMC) 具有比传统活性碳 (AC) 更大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积, 以其为载体, 在浸渍液中加入螯合剂, 采用等量浸渍法制备了 Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂, 分别用于模型汽油和柴油加氢脱硫反应. 结果表明, Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂具有比 Co-Mo/AC 催化剂更好的织构性质和加氢脱硫活性. 在模型汽油的加氢脱硫反应中, Co-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性比工业催化剂 Co-Mo/Al2O3 高得多; 而在模型柴油的加氢脱硫反应中, Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性也比工业催化剂 FH-98 高得多.     

利用程序升温还原方法研究钴,钌,钼加氢脱硫催化剂氧化态的还原过程

钴或镍在加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂中的助剂作用文献已有很多的讨论。近年来,研究结果发现,少量的钌加入到Mo/Al_2O_3和Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上可以显著地提高其加氢脱硫活性,可是关于钌的助剂作用前人研究的较少。因此对比研究钴和钌的的助剂作用有助于认识各种不同类型的助剂在加氢脱硫催化剂中的功能。本文应用程序升温还原方法对钴和钌在加氢脱硫催化剂的前身态氧化物还原过程中的助剂作用进行了考察。     

Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Selective Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

In this paper, carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulphurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied, using di-isobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and thiophene as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The results show that the Co-Mo/CNT has very high HDS activity and HDS/hydrogenation selectivity comparing with the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/AC catalyst systems. The saturation ratio of cyclohexene was lower than 50%, and the saturation ratio of 1,3-di-isobutylene lower than 60% for the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts. Co/Mo atomic ratio was found to be one of the most important key factors in influencing the hydrogenation selectivity and HDS activity, and the most suitable Co/Mo atomic ratio was 0.4. Co/CNT and Mo/CNT mono-metallic catalysts showed lower HDS activity and selectivity than the Co-Mo/CNT bi-metallic catalysts.     

Structure of the active sites of Co-Mo Hydrodesulfurization catalysts as studied by magnetic susceptibility measurement and NO adsorption

The elucidation of a molecular structure of the active sites (i.e., the Co-Mo-S phase) of Co-Mo hydrodesulfurization catalysts has received extensive attention. In the present study, we unambiguously determined, for the first time, the NO adsorption behavior and magnetic property of the Co-Mo-S phase by preparing unique Co-Mo/Al(2)O(3) catalysts (CVD-Co/MoS(2)/Al(2)O(3)), in which all the Co atoms are present as the Co-Mo-S phase. The catalysts were characterized by NO adsorption (pulse technique and FTIR), Co K-edge XANES, and the magnetic susceptibility and effective magnetic moment of Co. Nitric oxide molecules were adsorbed on 33% of the Co atoms in CVD-Co/MoS(2)/Al(2)O(3) after sulfidation and on only half of the Co atoms even after an H(2)-treatment of the sulfided catalyst at 573-673 K. The Co atoms in CVD-Co/MoS(2)/Al(2)O(3) exclusively exhibited an antiferromagnetic property, indicating that even-numbered Co atoms are interacting with each other in the Co-Mo-S phase. A Co-Mo/Al(2)O(3) catalyst, prepared by a conventional impregnation technique, was composed of the antiferromagnetic Co sulfide species as observed in CVD-Co/MoS(2)/Al(2)O(3) in addition to Co(9)S(8). On the basis of the NO adsorption behavior and magnetic property, it is empirically proposed that the structure of the Co-Mo-S phase is represented as a Co sulfide dinuclear cluster located on the edge of MoS(2) particles. The magnetic property of Co/Al(2)O(3) sulfide catalysts depended on the preparation method.     

Support effects on the chemical property and catalytic activity of Co-Mo HDS catalyst in sulfur recovery

Effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and alumina (γ-Al2O3) supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process over CoMo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main active phases in CNT and γ-Al2O3 supported Co-Mo catalysts are MoO2 and MoO3, respectively. The TPR results reveal that the reduction peak temperatures of the active species on CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than those on alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst, indicating that the CNT supports favor the r...