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利用浸渍法制备稀土改质催化剂,用于废食用油脂催化裂解的裂解气催化改质。考察了催化剂活性组分含量、硅铝比、焙烧温度、改质反应温度对产物组成、烯烃含量及收率的影响。得最佳条件:ZSM-5作为催化剂载体,催化剂活性组分镧稀土含量为6%,催化剂焙烧温度为550℃,改质反应温度为360℃。在最佳条件下催化改质,燃料油烯烃含量降低了34.3%,汽油含量提高了14.36%,轻柴油含量提高了1.67%,重柴油含量下降了6.72%,重油含量下降了2.2%,燃料油总收率提高了7.12%,油品质显著提高。 相似文献
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分别在苏打石灰玻璃、Mo箔、无择优取向的Mo薄膜以及(110)择优取向的Mo薄膜四种不同衬底上,采用共蒸发工艺沉积约2 μm厚的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜,用X射线衍射仪测量薄膜的织构,研究衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜织构的影响.在以上四种衬底上沉积的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜的(112)衍射峰强度依次逐渐减弱,(220/204)衍射峰从无到有且强度逐渐增强.在苏打石灰玻璃和Mo箔衬底上的Cu(In,Ga)Se2关键词:
择优取向
Cu(In
2薄膜')" href="#">Ga)Se2薄膜
太阳电池 相似文献
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研究了金属预制层制备过程中溅射气压对Cu(In1-xGax)Se2(CIGS)薄膜及电池器件性能的影响.通过调节溅射气压改变预制层的结晶状态及疏松度与粗糙度,在合适的预制层结构下,活性硒化热处理过程中,可使Ga有效地掺入到薄膜中形成优质的CIGS固溶体.高溅射气压会使预制层过于致密,呈现非晶态趋势.经活性硒化热处理后,CIGS薄膜容易产生CIS与CGS"两相分离"现象,从而导致CIGS薄膜太阳电池的开路电压和填充因子降低,电池转换效率由10.03%降低到5.02%. 相似文献
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考察了通过自主研发的高温热裂解辅助硒化装置所产生的高活性硒对CIGS薄膜结构和器件性能的影响.通过调节高温裂解系统的温度可以有效调节不同的硒活性.研究发现, 第一台阶HC-Se气氛可以提高CIGS薄膜表面的Ga含量, 使得CIGS薄膜内的Ga分布更加平缓, 进而提高CIGS薄膜表面禁带宽度.而且HC-Se气氛可以消除CIGS"两相分离"现象.两种因素的共同作用使得CIGS薄膜太阳电池的开路电压提高了34.6%.电池转换效率从6.02%提升至8.76%, 增长了45.5%. 相似文献
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Si表面上生长的ZnO薄膜的阴极射线荧光 总被引:11,自引:7,他引:4
几种不同温度下退火的用直流溅射法生长的ZnO/Si样品的阴极射线荧光(CL)光谱显示,当退火温度低于等于800℃时,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的晶体质量得到了改善,这主要体现在390nm紫外带的发射强度与505nm绿带发射强度的相对比值迅速增加,同时也发生了绿带的红移以及窄化效应。但退火温度超过800℃时绿带就不再红移了,其峰值为525nm。当退火温度为950℃时,紫外带几乎消失,而只剩下绿带,且与纯硅酸锌样品的CL谱一致,掠入射X射线衍射测量表明,确有三角相三元化合物硅酸锌的产生。因此,从ZnO/Si异质结的质量来看,直流溅射法可能不适宜用于生长这样的异质结:因为当退火温度低于800℃且相差较大(如600℃)时,不能得到产生强ZnO紫外发光的晶体质量,而当退火温度接近或高于800℃时,虽然zn0晶体质量得到了改善从而紫外发光份额迅速增加,但同时也产生了新的三元化合物硅酸锌,将严重影响ZnO/Si异质结的电学输运特性。 相似文献
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Preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells by Selenization of Metallic Precursors in an Ar Atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films are deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates by Se vapour selenization of sputtered metallic precursors in the atmosphere of Ar gas flow under a pressure of about 10 Pa. The in situ heat treatment of as-grown precursor leads to the formation of a better alloy. During selenization, the growth of CuInSe2 phase preferably proceeds through Se-poor phases as CuSe and InSe at relatively low substrate temperature of 250℃, due to the absence of In2Se3 at intermediate stage at low reactor pressure. Subsequently, the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 phase is produced by the reactive diffusion of CuInSe2 with a Se-poor GaSe phase at high temperature of up to 560℃. The final film exhibits smooth surface and large grain size. The absorber is used to fabricate a glass/Mo/Cu(In, Ga)Se2/CdS/ZnO cell with the total-area efficiency of about 7%. The low open-circuit voltage value of the cell fabricated should result from the nonuniform distribution of In and Ga in the absorber, due to the diffusion-controlled reaction during the phase formation. The films, as well as devices, are characterized. 相似文献
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A dc magnetic sputtering process is applied to growth of a Mo back. contact layer onto the flexible polyimide (PI) and rigid soda-lime glass (SLC) substrates. The structural and electrical properties of the Mo layer coated on the two kinds of substrates are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Hall effect measurements. The results show that the Mo layer on SLG indicate more better crystal quality and lower resistivity than that on the PI sheets. In contrast to the SLG substrate, the resistivity of the Mo layer on PI is increased by the vacuum annealing process at the substrate temperature of 450℃ under Se atmosphere, which is attributed to the cracked Mo layer induced by the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between PI and Mo material. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells based on the PI and SLO substrates show the best conversion efficiencies of 8.16% and 10.98% (active area, 0.2cm^2), respectively. The cell efficiency of flexible CIGS solar cells on PI is limited by its relatively lower fill factor caused by the Mo back contact. 相似文献