TiO2超微粒子的量子尺寸效应与光吸收特性

利用Ｒａｍａｎ激光光谱,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ,ＳＥＭ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ等手段研究了ＴｉＯ２超微粒子的量子尺寸效应与光吸收特性。结果发现：Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）４在较低ｐＨ值的水解条件下制得的ＴｉＯ２溶胶粒径为５～１０ｎｍ;随着热处理温度的升高,ＴｉＯ２微粒的粒径增大,经４７３～６７３Ｋ热处理得到的ＴｉＯ２超微粒子粒径为１０～２０ｎｍ,呈不规整的锐钛矿型结构。ＴｉＯ２的拉曼峰随热处理温度升高而发生红移,表现出量子尺寸     

二氧化钛的尺寸与光催化活性的关系

采用溶胶－凝胶法控制制备了晶粒尺寸从１０ｎｍ到８０ｎｍ的二氧化钛纳米半导体．用光催化降解苯酚作为模型反应，结合ＸＲＤ，ＤＲＳ，ＦＳ等表征手段，研究了纳米ＴｉＯ２的制备条件与其晶粒尺寸和相结构的关系，探讨了纳米ＴｉＯ２尺寸效应对其光催化活性的影响．发现当晶粒尺寸小于１６ｎｍ时，二氧化钛半导体具有了明显的尺寸量子效应．尺寸量子效应对提高ＴｉＯ２光催化降解苯酚的催化活性起了极为重要的作用．     

表面修饰TiO2、ZrO2纳米微粒的DSC、TGA表征

采用ＤＳＣ及ＴＧＡ技术对制备的表面为硬脂酸修饰的二氧化钛及二氧化锆纳米微粒的热性能进行了研究，结合透射电的分析表征，结果表明，我们所得的ＴｉＯ２，ＺｒＯ２纳米微粒表面确为硬脂民修饰，由于其纳米微粒核的存在使其表面修饰层的熔点温度高；此外表面修饰纳米闰由于其大的比表面积和不稳定的晶体结构使其分别在７１０Ｋ左右产生粘着和型变。     

电化学法制备高热稳定性锐钛矿型纳米TiO2

以醇中加入少量有机腕导电盐作为电解液,以工业纯钛作“牺牲”阳性,控电流电解,可分别得到乙醇钛、异丙醇钛、正丁醇然等的相应醇溶液。然后直接水解,经溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）过程,形成凝胶前体,在４５０℃,７２０℃煅烧３０ｍｉｎ后,均得到高热稳定锐钛矿型（ａｎａｔａｓｅ）纳米ＴｉＯ２（１０ｎｍ左右）。通过ＦＴＩＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ等测试手段,对钛醇盐和纳米ＴｉＯ２进行了表征。本文同时讨论了不同钛醇盐制     

溶胶—凝胶法制备负载型TiO2膜的研究

本研究采用溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）法制备了负载型ＴｉＯ２膜，并采用ＳＥＭ、压汞等实验手段对Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４溶胶和ＴｉＯ２膜进行了表征。实验表明：Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４溶胶制备过程中Ｈ２Ｏ／Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ／Ｔｉ＾４＋的比值，溶胶在支承管上浸涂的时间、次数以及凝胶煅烧升温速度和煅烧温度均是制备负载型ＴｉＯ２膜的重要因素。最终制得一种无裂纹、２０μｍ厚、孔径分布在５０￣３００ｎｍ之间的负载型ＴｉＯ２     

甲苯气相选择氧化制苯甲醛 Ⅴ.K~+添加量对V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂的影响

在Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２催化剂中添加Ｋ＋，发现当Ｋ＋／Ｖ摩尔比为０．０４－０．０７时，催化剂性能得到显著改善．利用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ、Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和化学分析法，研究了催化剂结构和性能变化．结果表明，随Ｋ＋添加量的不同，Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２催化剂结构和表面活性氧性质发生了很大变化，从而影响了催化剂反应性能．     

过氧杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石类层状化合物的合成与表征

以硝酸根型水滑石作交换前驱体，通过离子交换法合成了过渡金属离子一、三钛取代的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构过氧钨硅杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石Ｚｎ２Ａｌ（ＯＨ）６－［ＳｉＷ１１（ＴｉＯ２）Ｏ３９］及Ｚｎ２Ａｌ（ＯＨ）６－［ＳｉＷ９（ＴｉＯ２）３Ｏ３７］，用元素分析、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ、化学分析等手段对产物的组成和结构进行了表征。结果表明，过氧杂多阴离子进入水滑石层间，使水滑石的层间距从０．９２ｎｍ增加到１．４７ｎｍ。     

γ射线辐照超细铂催化剂的载体效应

用γ射线辐射法制备了铂溶胶和粒径为５ｎｍ的超细铂粉,采用机械混合法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了一系列不同载体的超细铂催化剂,不同载体对提高ＣＯ氧化活性的顺序为：ＭｇＯ〉γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３≥ＺｒＯ２〉ＴｉＯ２〉ＳｉＯ２,其中,由溶胶－凝胶法制备的０．１％Ｐｔ／ＳｉＯ２和０．１％Ｐｔ／ＴｉＯ２的经表面积大,Ｐｔ分散度高,但活性最差,ＸＰＳ结果表明部分表面Ｐｔ＾０和ＴｉＯ２作用生成了ＰｔＯ和Ｔｉ２Ｏ３,并且Ｐｔ的分     

几种钛酸钾纤维的合成及其相关性研究

本文以Ｋ＿２ＣＯ＿３和ＴｉＯ＿２为主要原料，采用混练－干燥－煅烧三步法合成出了Ｋ＿２Ｔｉ＿２Ｏ＿５、Ｋ＿２Ｔｉ＿４Ｏ＿９、Ｋ＿２Ｔｉ＿６Ｏ＿１３三种形式的钛酸钾纤维物质。测定了它们的ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ、ＳＥＭ、ＩＣＰ、激光拉曼等有关特征数据和谱图，并对它们之间的相互关系进行了研究。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2、PO_4~(3-)/TiO_2、BO_3~(3-)/TiO_2系列固体酸的酸性、结构和晶相的研究

制备了ＳＯ４２－／ＴｉＯ２（Ⅰ）、ＰＯ４３－／ＴｉＯ２（Ⅱ）、ＢＯ３３－／ＴｉＯ２（Ⅲ）系列固体酸。用ＩＲ、Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对该系列固体酸进行结构表征,结果表明ＳＯ４２－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构和共价硫酸盐共存,ＰＯ４３－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为桥式三配位结构,ＢＯ３３－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为单齿单配位结构和螯桥混合式三配位结构共存。用由溶液中正丁胺的吸附等温线测定固体表面酸度的方法测定了样品的酸量,结果表明酸量大小为Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ。用ＸＲＤ技术对该系列固体酸进行考察,衍射图分析提示该系列固体酸主要都为锐钛矿型晶型,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中又各自夹杂其它不同的晶型     

高纯纳米氧化钛的制备及催化活性

以工业级硫酸钛为原料,在酸性环境下以EDTA作为络合剂,采用控制沉淀法制备高纯度纳米TiO2。考察了pH值、反应温度、煅烧温度等工艺条件对TiO2颗粒晶型、大小和分布影响。利用TEM、XRD、ICP等手段对产物进行表征,TiO2纯度超过99.9%,粒径为10-20nm,分布均匀。经过对其光催化降解苯酚反应活性实验,结果表明样品具有较好的光催化活性。     

微乳法制备纳米TiO2 /SiO2的结构及光催化研究

Nanosized TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ particles were prepared by hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the TX-100 reverse microemulsion. These particles were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, FTIR, TEM，N₂ adsorption-desorption. Their photocatalytic activity was tested by degradation of methyl orange. The result shows that TiO₂/SiO₂ nanoparticles are with a monodispersed spherical phase and a uniform size distribution，and TiO₂ particles are dispersed on the surface of SiO₂. The band for Ti-O-Si vibration in FTIR was observed, the Ti-O-Si bond increased the stability of anatase TiO₂, suppressed the phase transformation of titania from anatase to rutile. And due to the addition of SiO₂, the average size of titania decreased from 38 nm in pure TiO₂ to 5 nm in TiO₂/SiO₂. It was found, under UV light irradiation, TiO₂/SiO₂ particles showed higher activity than pure TiO₂, and TiO₂/SiO₂(1/1) particles showed the highest photocatalytic activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange, which was influenced by crystal structure, particle size, crystallinity and Surface area Characteristics.     

形态结构和光电特性对纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响

采用sol-gel法制备了系列纳米TiO2光催化剂,运用X射线衍射、BET比表面测定、紫外漫反射吸收光谱和表面光电压谱等手段对催化剂进行表征,并以乙烯作为光催化反应的指标反应分子,研究了TiO2纳米晶的性质对于光催化活性的影响.随着焙烧温度的升高,TiO2的晶粒逐渐增大,比表面积下降,晶相由锐钛矿向金红石转变,其吸收带边与光伏响应阈值向长波方向移动,氧化－还原能力降低,降解乙烯的转化率迅速下降.     

TiO2纳米晶光催化降解铬酸根离子的研究

以二氧化钛为光催化剂,研究了溶液的ｐＨ值、铬酸根离子的初始浓度、通入的气体种类、氧化钛的载量等因素对铬酸根离子降解率的影响。同时合成了粒径小于１０ｎｍ的锐钛矿相和金红石相氧化钛纳米晶来考察晶相和尺寸效应对降解率的影响。结果表明,锐钛矿的催化活性高于金红石相,两者的催化活性均大大高于市售的氧化钛微粉。     

微乳法合成纳米SiO2/TiO2及其光催化性能

采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)/正己醇/环己烷/氨水微乳体系合成了纳米TiO2和SiO2/TiO2复合物,用X射线衍射、红外光谱和透射电镜对其结构进行了表征,并以甲基橙降解评价了其光催化性能,讨论了SiO2/TiO2摩尔比、晶相组成及粒径与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,SiO2/TiO2催化剂中形成了新的Ti-O-Si键和无定形SiO2;在纳米TiO2中复合SiO2能有效抑制锐钛矿向金红石的转变,增加锐钛矿的稳定性,并阻止TiO2晶粒的聚集生长.催化剂的光催化活性随金红石含量的增加而降低,加入适量SiO2能明显提高TiO2的光催化活性,其中摩尔比为1/7的SiO2/TiO2光催化活性最高.     

Relationship Between Photocatalytic Activity and Structure of TiO2 Thin Film

TiO2 thin films with different crystalline structures were prepared by the CVD method. The relationship between photocatalytic activity of a TiO2 thin film and its crystalline type was investigated. These films were characterized by XRD and AFM. Their photocatalytic properties were tested by the degradation of NO2-. The results showed that the crystalline structures of TiO2 thin films are primary anatase and/or rutile when the preparation temperatures were less than 573 K and higher than 773 K respectively. When the preparation temperature was around 623 K, the structures of TiO2 thin films were mixed crystalline structure, which showed the highest catalytic activity. When the ratio of rutile to anatase in TiO2 thin films fell between 0.5 and 0.7, the highest catalytic activity for the degradation of NO2- was found.     

锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿降解罗丹明B光催化活性的比较

详细考察并比较了采用低温制备的锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿氧化钛降解罗丹明B的光催化活性.与传统高温焙烧制备的金红石相比,低温制备的金红石粒径小,比表面积大,表面羟基数目多,因此光催化效率明显增加.更重要的是,当锐钛矿和金红石具有相似粒径和比表面积时,金红石具有较高的光降解罗丹明B活性.对于板钛矿氧化钛而言,虽然其表观光催化...     

Crystallization and photovoltaic properties of titania-coated polystyrene hybrid microspheres and their photocatalytic activity

The hybrid microspheres with polystyrene core coated by titania nanoparticles were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization, and the as-prepared samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, XPS, and SPS techniques. TiO2 nanoparticles experienced two processes of phase transition, i.e., amorphous to anatase and anatase to rutile at the calcining temperature range from 400 to 1000 degrees C. The phase transformation temperature of TiO2 hybrid microspheres from anatase to rutile was increased by about 300 degrees C due to the blocking function of calcined polymer remainder. SPS results present that the band-gap of hybrid microspheres is 3.2-3.4 eV, which is larger than that of pure TiO2. The maximum intensity of the SPS signal is about 3 times larger for the hybrid material as compared to the pure TiO2. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation rate of TiO2 hybrid microspheres was 15% faster than that of pure TiO2 in the experiment of the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.     

Gold nanoparticles located at the interface of anatase/rutile TiO2 particles as active plasmonic photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation

Visible-light irradiation (λ > 450 nm) of gold nanoparticles loaded on a mixture of anatase/rutile TiO(2) particles (Degussa, P25) promotes efficient aerobic oxidation at room temperature. The photocatalytic activity critically depends on the catalyst architecture: Au particles with <5 nm diameter located at the interface of anatase/rutile TiO(2) particles behave as the active sites for reaction. This photocatalysis is promoted via plasmon activation of the Au particles by visible light followed by consecutive electron transfer in the Au/rutile/anatase contact site. The activated Au particles transfer their conduction electrons to rutile and then to adjacent anatase TiO(2). This catalyzes the oxidation of substrates by the positively charged Au particles along with reduction of O(2) by the conduction band electrons on the surface of anatase TiO(2). This plasmonic photocatalysis is successfully promoted by sunlight exposure and enables efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols at ambient temperature.     

纳米管钛酸CO处理产物的结构及光催化活性

研究了在CO气流中,处理温度对纳米管钛酸(NTA)脱水产物TiO₂的结构及C₃H₆光催化氧化反应活性的影响.结果表明:NTA经CO高温处理后,样品未发生C掺杂,只有碳沉积发生;随着处理温度的升高,样品的比表面积大幅下降,与NTA在空气中焙烧处理相比,由锐钛矿向金红石TiO₂转变的温度提前;CO处理后产物对C₃H₆均未表现出可见光催化性能,但具有紫外光催化活性,随着在CO气氛中处理温度的升高,紫外光催化活性降低.