浙江大学求是化学班人才培养的多层次科研实践体系

浙江大学化学系在求是化学班的培养过程中,以基础学科拔尖创新人才为培养目标,注重提升本科生科研能力,依托学科优势,从科研基础知识体系构建、科研思维模式拓展和科研创新实践能力强化等方面构筑分阶段、分层次、多平台、多模式的科研实践培养体系。该体系总体上以科研训练为主线,从广度科研认知到深度科研实践,融通校内第一、二课堂和校外第三、四课堂,贯穿整个拔尖人才培养过程。经过多年的探索与实践,该科研实践体系在培养学生的科研能力、创新思维和国际视野等方面已经初见成效。     

本科生创新实践能力的全过程培养探索——以北京科技大学化学与化学工程系为例

为了培养学生的创新实践能力,制订具有创新实践能力培养特色的本科生培养计划;搭建多种形式的创新实践平台;利用本科生导师制根据学生特点进行个性化培养;鼓励科研成果进课堂、进教材,发挥科研反哺教学的作用;建设一支具有创新实践能力和创新实践指导能力的师资队伍;采用在传授知识的同时培养学生创新意识和实践能力的教学方法;建立了能够考查学生创造性地分析问题、解决问题能力的考核模式。     

面向创新实践能力培养的仪器分析四轮融合教学创新

新工科背景下,创新实践能力的培养已经成为高校人才培养工作的重点。仪器分析作为科学研究的眼睛,内容涉及诸多领域,体现多学科交叉的全局思想观和方法论,对人才创新实践能力培养具有重要作用。针对仪器分析课程教学凸显的诸多痛点问题,课程组坚持“以生为本,立德树人,思创融合,知行合一”的教改理念,构建了以学生创新实践能力塑造为导向的课程教学目标和三维评价体系,采用显性知识与隐性价值观相融合、线上与线下相融合、问题驱动与可视化教学相融合、理论学习与研究实践相融合的四轮融合教学模式创新实践。实践证明,新的教学模式极大地激发了学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望,在课程成绩大幅提高的同时,学生的综合创新实践能力也得到了很好的塑造。     

复合材料与工程专业工程实践能力培养体系的构建与思考

工程实践能力的培养是高等工程教育的核心内容,是促进传统工科专业向新工科专业转化的必要条件。工程实践能力培养体系作为复合材料与工程专业培养方案中的重要组成部分,对人才培养质量具有举足轻重的作用。经过多年来的不断实践与思考,我们逐步建立了包含循序渐进式专业实验能力培养、实践能力培养及强化的工程实践能力培养体系。实践结果表明,该培养体系对于提高学生的工程能力、创新思维及创新能力产生了积极的促进作用,教学效果显著。     

面向应用型人才培养的仪器分析实验教学改革

为实现应用型人才培养目标,在“仪器分析实验”课程教学体系中增加了设计性实验项目,以促进对学生的创新和实践能力的培养。具有针对性的合理选题,注重理论联系实际;倡导启发式教学,结合多媒体教学丰富课堂;建立科学全面的考核评价体系,培养学生创新意识和实践能力。实践教学改革凸显了设计性实验在仪器分析教学当中的重要作用,同时也凸显出此课程教学计划的科学性、教学内容的先进性以及教学手段的连贯性。     

核心素养下的聚合反应工程教学改革探索研究

聚合反应工程是一门工程实践性较强的课程,基于核心素养培养理念本门课程进行教学改革探索,将大学生核心素养的培养落实到课程教学中。以注重实践应用能力,强化工程意识培养为重点,培养学生融合各学科知识,形成完整的知识体系;与校外实践平台合作,提升学生的社会适应能力、实践应用能力和创新意识;深化课程教学评价机制改革。通过对核心素养与已有课程体系的融合,探究了核心素养下高校聚合反应工程课程的教学改革策略。     

开放实验教学的探索及改进——高分子材料与工程专业

开放实验教学是培养与提高学生综合能力的重要手段。为了满足社会对高分子材料与工程专业人才的需求,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,建立了验证型、综合型、设计性多层次开放实验体系。论文对高分子材料与工程专业开放实验模式和创新人才培养方面进行了探讨,在实践过程中发现需要解决的问题,为此提出相应的改进方法。经过教学实践发现开放实验教学有利于完善学生的知识结构,有效地提高学生的实践能力和创新能力。     

基于思维能力培养的“香料香精应用”教学改革

以"香料香精应用"教学创新实践为例,从科学设计教学内容和创新教学形态出发,就专业基础课如何将思维能力的培养贯穿在整个理论教学和实验教学的改革过程中,怎样在有效跟踪学生自主学习过程中强化其学习能力及培养思维能力进行了初步探索,就如何通过改革考核模式在公平公正评价学生自主学习效果的同时实现科学评价其学习能力强化程度以及思维能力培养程度进行了研究,并对该课程的理论教学和实验教学改革实践及化妆品专业人才培养方式的创新进行了总结。     

化工专业综合性实验“分离乙醇水溶液”的探究

化工专业综合性实验对于培养学生的创新精神和工程实践能力至关重要。以分离乙醇水溶液为例,将气液相平衡测定实验和萃取精馏过程模拟相结合形成综合性实验,涉及到了三元体系的气液相平衡测定方法、实验数据采用不同热力学模型的回归及评价、萃取精馏过程模拟、各因素对分离效果的影响评价等。加深了学生对理论知识的理解,使学生对萃取精馏工业应用有了一定的认识,提高了学生的实验操作水平和工程实践能力,为应用型人才的培养提供了有力保障。     

基于“HEART”理念的化学实验教学改革研究

为提高实验教学质量,分析当前实验教学存在的问题,创建先进的“HEART”实验教学理念。以此教学理念为指导,开展了化学实验教学体系、教学方法、教学团队、教学质量评价研究。建立了“二渗透、四结合”的实验教学体系,培养了学生的创新精神和实践能力;形成了以学生为中心的快乐实验教学方法,激发了学生实验的积极性和创造性;建立了实验教学质量评价体系,完善激励机制,敦促教师不断提高实验教学能力;建立了柔性的实验教学改革运行机制,形成了教学改革长效机制。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.