铜催化的立体选择性Doyle-Kirmse反应

以重氮化合物和烯丙基硫醚/炔丙基硫醚为反应底物,通过手性辅基和大位阻配体的不对称双诱导策略,高对映选择性地实现了经由铜卡宾产生硫叶立德的不对称[2,3]-σ重排反应(Doyle-Kirmse反应).脱除手性辅基后反应最高可以得到96%ee对映选择性.机理探究实验表明,反应很可能经历了自由的叶立德重排过程.该反应被进一步应用到含手性中心烯丙基硫醚的动力学拆分中.     

手性β-氨基醇的简捷合成及其不对称催化反应

从易得原料D-苯甘氨酸出发,经酯化、N-烷基化及还原等三步反应合成了五个手性β-氨基醇5和6.以此为手性配体,对催化芳香醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了初步研究,显示了中等程度的立体选择性.     

1,4-二烯和醛的烯丙基碳氢不对称烷基化反应

利用钯配合物、有机胺和手性布朗斯特酸三元催化剂体系实现了α-取代丙醛参与的1,4-二烯烃的烯丙基碳氢不对称烷基化反应,以良好的产率、优良的区域选择性和立体选择性得到了结构多样的手性α-羰基化合物.此外发现非手性膦配体对钯配合物的催化活性和反应的选择性有十分显著的影响,为后续相关研究提供了新的思路.     

手性磷酸催化α-全碳季碳醛的不对称烯丙基化动力学拆分

手性全碳季碳立体中心的高效构建一直是不对称催化领域的难点和热点.其中,α-全碳季碳非环状醛因具有立体环境拥挤和构象多变性等结构特点,相关不对称合成方法一直发展缓慢.本工作基于手性醛和高烯丙基醇化合物的合成应用重要性,通过Antilla烯丙基化反应,采用2,4,6-三异丙基苯基取代的联萘二酚型手性磷酸催化剂,以较好的产率、立体选择性和选择性系数(最高达到37.0),实现了外消旋α-全碳季碳非环状醛的动力学拆分,为含α-全碳季碳的醛和高烯丙基醇两类手性化合物的合成提供了新思路.     

铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应的研究进展

铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应是一种重要的合成手性化合物的方法,综述了铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应的最新研究进展,重点讨论了烯内基衍,生 物结构、手性配体结构及亲核试剂类型等因素对该类型反应的影响.     

系列手性二齿配体在硫醚的不对称氧化反应中的应用

设计合成了系列手性二齿配体,并将它们与Ti(OPr-i)4生成的配合物用于催化硫醚的不对称氧化,考察了配体的结构对反应活性和对映选择性的影响,阐明了手性配体的构型与产物亚砜过量异构体构型间的关系.     

新型手性N,P配体的合成及其在烯丙基化中的应用

以手性5,6,7,8-四氢-8-喹啉醇为原料合成了新型手性N,P配体, 并将该配体应用于钯催化的1,3-二苯基-2-烯丙基乙酸酯的不对称烯丙基化反应, 得到100%的取代产物, 对映体过量达到73% ee.     

钯催化不对称烯丙基化/去对称化反应合成无保护基的2-喹啉酮骨架环状氨基酸（英文）

作为一类重要的含氮杂环化合物, 3-氨基-2-二氢喹啉酮结构存在于一些药物和生物活性分子中.目前还没有手性催化的方法直接合成无保护基的此类结构.在过渡金属的催化作用下,乙烯基苯并噁嗪酮脱除一分子二氧化碳,生成的两性离子中间体可以参与多种反应合成含氮杂环化合物.我们设想乙烯基苯并噁嗪酮和2-氨基丙二酸酯直接发生不对称烯丙基化反应/去对称化反应,则可直接实现无保护基2-喹啉酮骨架环状氨基酸的手性合成.然而2-氨基丙二酸酯作为亲核试剂时,如何实现碳选择性进攻而不是固有的氮选择性进攻将成为此反应中一个重要挑战.本文通过钯催化的不对称烯丙基化/去对称化反应合成具有2-喹啉酮骨架的环状氨基酸.采用手性膦配体与钯作为催化剂,成功实现了乙烯基苯并噁嗪酮与2-氨基丙二酸酯的不对称α-烯丙基取代反应.随后无需提纯,烯丙基取代产物直接在三氟乙酸的作用下,发生分子内的去对称化内酰胺化反应,最终生成具有无保护基的2-喹啉酮骨架环状氨基酸产物.该催化方法反应条件温和,催化体系简单高效(钯催化剂负载量可降低至1 mol%,非对映选择性可高达15/1,对映选择性高达96%ee),并且具有良好的官能团兼容性.经盐酸处理...     

铱催化不对称烯丙基取代反应的研究进展

铱催化不对称烯丙基取代反应是一种合成手性支链化合物的重要方法, 综述了近年来铱催化的烯丙基衍生物取代反应的研究进展, 重点讨论了配体和烯丙基衍生物结构, 亲核试剂的类型, 溶剂及添加剂等因素对烯丙基取代反应的影响, 并对烯丙基取代反应的对映选择性和区域选择性进行了探讨.     

手性亚砜合成*

手性亚砜及其衍生物广泛作为重要手性中间体和辅剂、手性配体和催化剂、手性药物。手性亚砜可以采用生物方法和化学方法来合成,化学方法包括手性辅剂诱导、手性氧化剂氧化、手性拆分和不对称催化等。本文简要综述了手性亚砜的各种用途和各种合成方法的研究进展,主要介绍了钛和钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应,也介绍了作者最近在钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应方面所做的研究工作。     

Bis(oxazoline)–ligand-mediated asymmetric [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of benzyl ethers: reaction mechanism based on the hydrogen/deuterium exchange effect

We have investigated the mechanism of chiral induction in the asymmetric [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of allyl benzyl ether in the presence of a bis(oxazoline) chiral ligand [(S,S)-Box–tBu] by comparing the reaction of both enantiomers of monodeuterated benzyl ether 1a–d. As a result, we found that chirality was induced via enantioselective deprotonation followed by efficient chirality transfer of the resulting chiral benzyl carbanion with the inversion of stereochemistry. It was revealed that the chiral ligand facilitates selective deprotonation as well as prevents the chiral carbanion from racemization. Moreover, we examined the effect of the o-methoxy substituent on the benzene ring.     

Stereoselective synthesis of a chiral ferrosalen ligand using an aromatization strategy

A new chiral salen ligand based on two ferrocenyl groups is designed. Unlike known salen ligands, of which chirality originates from central and axial chiral centers, the chirality of this ligand comes from the planar chiral ferrocenyl groups. The ligand is synthesized stereoselectively using a novel aromatization strategy starting from a ferrocene derivative, which was readily prepared using a known chiral auxiliary approach.     

Highly efficient catalysts derived from planar chiral ferrocenes for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones

Planar chiral ferrocenes 1 and its diastereoisomer 2 were found to be good lig-ands for the ruthenium catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones with i-PrOH as hydrogen source under refluxing in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The results showed that the absolute configuration of alcohol seemed to be governed by the central chirality in the oxazoline ring instead of the planar chirality. At a ratio of 1:2 for Ru:ligand, 3000:1 S/C and >100,000/h-1 TOF were observed for acetophenone. For propiophenone 99% yield and 85% e.e. were obtained     

手性在锆原子上的二茂锆配合物的合成

由新孟基环戊二烯和三甲基硅基环戊二烯制备了两个前手性的二茂锆配合物。由它们与亲核试剂的反应,合成了一些新的,手性在锆原子上的锆配合物。^1HNMR和^1^3CNMR谱图表明,配体上的手性基团对锆原子上的取代反应有明显的手性诱导效果。     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑L-乳酸盐作为手性配体用于氨基酸的手性拆分

基于手性配体交换机理,研究了以手性离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑L-乳酸盐([EMIM][L-Lac])为手性配体拆分色氨酸对映体(Trys)、苯丙氨酸对映体(Phes)和酪氨酸对映体(Tyrs)的方法。实验考察了背景电解质和中心离子种类、手性配体与中心离子的浓度及比例、运行缓冲液pH等因素对Trys、Phes和Tyrs手性拆分的影响。研究发现,当运行缓冲液为40.0 mmol/L [EMIM][L-Lac]、20.0 mmol/L氯化铜(pH 4.5)时,3对对映体均能得到良好的手性拆分。为了验证[EMIM][L-Lac]的良好性能,实验进一步将L-乳酸(L-Lac)作为手性配体用于Trys的手性拆分。对比实验发现,单独使用L-乳酸,DL-Try只能得到部分拆分,加入离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐(EMIM-Ace)后,DL-Try分离情况得到了很大改善,但出峰时间延长至30 min以上。而使用[EMIM][L-Lac]时,Trys的出峰时间均在15 min以内。实验最后还对手性拆分机理做了进一步讨论。实验结果表明:在EMIM-Ace辅助L-Lac体系中,EMIM-Ace仅被用于抑制电渗流,并未参与手性配体交换反应;而在[EMIM][L-Lac]体系中,参与手性配体交换反应的主要是未解离的[EMIM][L-Lac],而不是解离后的L-乳酸根离子形成的L-乳酸。     

含潜在异构手性双臂配体的螺旋组装和手性聚集

采用具有潜在异构手性的双臂配体，双吡啶二甲基联苯-2，2′-二酰肼，合成了4个双核螺旋配合物。配体与CdI₂和Cu(NO₃)₂反应得到双核单螺旋化合物1和2，在化合物2中，由于C-H…π和π…π的协同相互作用沿ab面形成单一手性的二维平面。双核双螺旋化合物3(Ni(Ⅱ))和4(Co(Ⅱ))中的金属中心表现相同的绝对构型，说明含异构手性的配体能够把金属中心的手性从一个中心传递到另一个中心。     

Theoretical study on the polymerization mechanism of substituted maleimides by using a chiral catalyst with Zn

It is possible to synthesize poly(N-substituted maleimide) by using a chiral complex consisting of a zinc and N-diphenylmethyl-1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinoethanamine (DPhBP). The optical specific rotations [α]₄₃₅²⁵ in obtained polymers depend on the chirality of ligands in the catalysts. In the present study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were adopted to investigate the polymerization mechanism in detail. The bulky diphenylmethyl group in the chiral ligand is effective to enhance the formation of the product in the initiation reaction. The geometry related to the pyrrolidine ring of the chiral ligand in the Zn catalyst is responsible for determining the configuration of polymers. It was also confirmed that the bulky substituent on the N atom of the N-substituted maleimide is another factor for obtaining polymers with high [α]₄₃₅²⁵.     

手性噻唑烷-铑(I)配合物催化的苯乙酮不对称硅氢化反应

由L-半胱氨酸甲酯与α-吡啶甲醛缩合制备了2-(α-吡啶基)-4-羧甲基-1, 3-噻唑烷手性配体。用该手性配体与[Rh(COD)]2反应原位生成的Rh(I)配合物为催化剂进行了苯乙酮的不对称硅氢化反应。反应的化学产率达91%, 光学产率达82.1%e.e.。考察了各种反应条件对催化剂性能的影响。     

Contribution to the synthesis of chiral allenic esters

A phosphorus ylide bearing a 10-phenylsulfonylisoborneol unit reacted with ketenes, generated in situ from acid chlorides and triethylamine, to give allenic compounds. The reaction with methylketene led to asymmetric induction with the selective synthesis of an allene with axial chirality corresponding to an S configuration. The structure of the chiral allene 10-phenylsulfonylisobornyl penta-2,3-dienoate was determined by X-ray crystallography. Chirooptical studies of the chiral allene derivatives were done.     

Chiral-selective etching effects on carbon nanotube growth at edge carbon atoms

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing metal cluster nanoparticle catalysts is commonly used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNT), with oxygen-containing species such as water or alcohol included in the feedstock for enhanced yield. However, the etching effect of these additives on the growth mechanism has rarely been investigated, despite evidence suggesting that etching potentially affects the chirality distribution of product CNTs. We used quantum chemical methods to study how water-based etchant radicals (OH and H) may enhance the chiral selectivity during CVD growth using CNT cap models. Chemical reactivities of the caps with the etchant radicals were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the reactivities on the cap edges correlate with the chirality of the caps. These results suggest that proper selection of etchant species can provide opportunities for selective chirality control of the product CNTs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.