超声提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料包装食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

建立超声提取–气相色谱–质谱法同时测定塑料包装食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的残留量。以甲醇为萃取溶剂,采用超声萃取法进行样品处理,超声提取时间为30 min,超声提取温度为50℃。16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的质量浓度在0.1～50 mg/L范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.99,方法检出限为0.05 mg/L。样品的加标回收率为83.4%～97.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.91%～4.64%(n=6)。该方法简单、灵敏且准确,适用于塑料包装食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂残留量的测定。     

常见食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量及食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法并结合液液萃取及基质分散固相萃取的样品处理方式,建立了测定饮料、牛奶、白酒3类食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的分析方法。研究结果表明16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的检出限(LOD, S/N=3)范围为0.005~0.025 mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%。饮料、牛奶、白酒3种样品的加标回收率范围普遍在60%~110%。所建方法简便、灵敏、准确,可满足饮料、牛奶和白酒中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的测定需要。此外,将该方法应用于食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移研究,以异辛烷为油脂食品模拟物,测定了保鲜膜与保鲜袋中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移量。结果显示保鲜膜存在显著的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移现象。     

GC-MS法测定白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯残留量

采用正己烷提取白酒中的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,建立了气相色谱-质谱联用法测定白酒中污染物邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂残留量的检测方法。该方法对白酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物的检测限为0.05 mg/kg,方法的检测浓度线性范围为0.5~5.0 mg/L,样品的加标回收率为80.0%~95.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.1%~7.0%(n=6)。该方法可以满足白酒中污染物邻苯二甲酸酯检测的需要。     

高效液相色谱–串联质谱法同时测定塑料食品接触材料中20种邻苯二甲酸酯迁移量

采用高效液相色谱–串联质谱(LC–MS/MS)技术建立了食品接触材料中20种邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移量的测定方法。样品分别采用欧盟(EU)No.10/2011法规中食品模拟液浸泡,橄榄油浸泡液用乙腈进行液–液萃取,水基浸泡液直接过滤,C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液–甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用多反应监控(MRM)模式进行分析检测。20种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物质量浓度在1~500 ng/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈线性关系。水溶液、3%乙酸食品模拟浸泡液、10%乙醇食品模拟浸泡液、20%乙醇食品模拟浸泡液、50%乙醇食品模拟浸泡液、橄榄油食品模拟浸泡液中方法定量限分别为0.20~9.81 ng/m L,0.19~9.76 ng/m L,0.25~12.3ng/m L,0.21~10.8 ng/m L,0.19~11.7 ng/m L,0.45~20.3 ng/m L。样品加标回收率为85.8%~111.3%(3%乙酸浸泡液),79.4%~123.6%(橄榄油浸泡液),两种浸泡液中测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于8.48%(n=6)。该方法具有快速简便、灵敏度高及准确性好等特点,适用于塑料类食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移量的检测。     

气相色谱–质谱联用法测定空气中的丙烯腈

建立测定空气中丙烯腈的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。用活性炭管采集样品,以体积分数为2%的丙酮二硫化碳溶液解吸,利用气相色谱–质谱法以选择离子扫描方式采集数据并进行分析,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。丙烯腈的质量浓度在0~100μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数(r~2)为0.999 0。丙烯腈检出限为1.2μg/m L,最低检出质量浓度为0.16 mg/m~3(以采样体积7.5 L计),平均加标回收率为97.0%~99.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.2%(n=6)。该方法定性、定量准确,精密度、灵敏度高,可用于空气中丙烯腈的常规检测。     

微波萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定文具中16种多环芳烃

采用微波萃取–气相色谱–质谱联用法测定文具中16种多环芳烃的含量。样品用正己烷–丙酮(体积比为1∶1)溶液微波提取,提取液经硅胶固相萃取柱净化,氮吹浓缩,定容后用气相色谱–质谱仪测定。采用DB–5MS色谱柱程序升温分离,选择离子模式采集,外标法定量。16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在0.016～0.80 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.003～0.014 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.01～0.05mg/kg。3水平平均加标回收率为87.1%～113.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%～7.9%(n=6)。该方法检测灵敏度高,操作简便,定量准确,适用于文具中16种多环芳烃的分析检测。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定塑胶中8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂

以气相色谱–质谱联用法测定塑胶中8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂的含量。采用甲苯作为萃取溶剂,对样品进行超声萃取,选用DB–5HT气相分离色谱柱,以气相色谱–质谱联用仪对塑胶制品中8种苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂(UV–P,UV–320,UV–326,UV–327,UV–328,UV–329,UV–234,UV–360)进行分析测试。在优化的前处理和仪器分析条件下,8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂萃取效果良好,在17 min内有效分离,色谱峰理想。在0.1~10 mg/L范围内溶液的质量浓度与色谱峰面积线性良好,线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.1 mg/L,重复性试验相对标准偏差小于3%(n=7),加标回收率为95%~110%。该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,满足苯并三唑紫外吸收剂的检测要求。     

GC-MS法检测泡沫地垫中的甲酰胺

建立一种基于气相色谱–质谱法的准确、快速测定泡沫地垫中甲酰胺的分析方法。以甲醇为溶剂,用索氏法提取样品,提取液经浓缩、过滤、定容后,以HP–20M色谱柱分离,用气相色谱–质谱法对甲酰胺进行定性和定量分析。甲酰胺的质量浓度在0.5～50 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9,定量限(S/N=10)为0.5 mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.33%～4.79%(n=5),2种浓度水平的样品加标回收率在88.0%～99.6%之间。该方法准确、可靠,精密度高,适用于泡沫地垫中甲酰胺的检测。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯

采用气相色谱–质谱法测定涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯的含量,对样品进行超声波萃取和高速离心静化处理后,选用选择离子和保留时间定性、外标法定量,色谱柱选择RTX–WAX极性色谱柱。游离氨基甲酸乙酯的质量浓度在0.1~10.0μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.04μg/m L。加标回收率在96.8%~100.5%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.0%~11.1%(n=6)。该方法样品预处理简单、重现性好、准确度高,适用于涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯的检测。     

气相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用法测定白酒中3种醛类香料组分

建立了气相色谱–红外光谱联用法测定白酒中乙醛、戊醛、异戊醛3种醛类挥发性香料成分的方法。白酒样品直接进样分析,在10～10000 mg/L范围内,3种醛类的色谱峰面积与质量浓度线性相关,相关系数大于0.998,方法的检出限为10 mg/L,加标回收率大于90%。利用各个组分的特征红外谱图,提高了分析定性和定量的准确性,特别是提高了对同分异构体的区分能力。     

Application of magnetized MOF‐74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor

In this study, magnetized MOF‐74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound‐assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53–200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03–200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02–200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03–200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46–2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4–104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid‐phase extraction using commercial C₁₈ cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction is a simple, time‐saving, efficient, and low‐cost method.     

超高效合相色谱快速检测塑料制品中的15种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了使用超高效合相色谱检测塑料中15种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。样品经正己烷超声萃取,过0.45 μ m有机膜后上机测试。采用ACQUITY UPC² HSS C18 SB色谱柱（150 mm×3 mm, 1.8 μ m）,以超临界CO₂流体为主流动相、乙腈为流动相改性剂进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.5 mL/min。在系统背压为12.41 MPa、色谱柱温度为65 ℃、二极管阵列检测器（PDA）检测波长为220 nm的条件下,15种邻苯二甲酸酯可以在8 min内实现分离检测。实验结果表明：15种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围为0.5~10 mg/L,相关系数大于0.9960,检出限（S/N=3）为1.0~2.2 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.1%~122.3%,相对标准偏差为2.95%~8.26%。该方法分析速度快,为邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的检测提供了新的选择。     

Determination of phthalate esters in Chinese spirits using isotope dilution gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Phthalate esters are additives used in polyvinylchloride and are found as contaminants in many food products. An isotope dilution mass spectrometry technique has been developed for accurate analysis of 16 phthalate esters in Chinese spirits by adopting the 16 corresponding isotope‐labeled phthalate esters. The ethanol in the spirit sample was first removed by heating with a water bath at 100°C with a stream of nitrogen, after which the residue was extracted with n‐hexane twice. The phthalates collected were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The spiking recoveries of 16 analytes ranged from 94.3 to 105.3% with relative standard deviation values of <6.5%. The detection limits for 16 analytes were <10.0 ng/g. The expanded relative uncertainties were from 3.0 to 14%. A survey was performed on Chinese spirits from the market. Six of the nine analyzed samples were contaminated by phthalates. Di‐n‐butyl phthalate and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate showed higher detection frequency and concentrations. This isotope dilution gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method is simple, rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive, which qualifies as a candidate reference method for the determination of phthalates in spirits.     

Simultaneous determination of 22 phthalate esters in polystyrene food‐contact materials by ultra‐performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of 22 phthalate esters in polystyrene food‐contact materials has been established using ultraperformance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In this method, 22 phthalate esters were analyzed in <3.5 min on an ACQUITY Tours 1‐AA column by gradient elution. The mobile phase, the compensation solvent, the flow rate of mobile phase, column temperature, and automatic back pressure regulator pressure were optimized, respectively. There was a good linearity of 20 phthalate esters with a range of 0.05–10 mg/L, diisodecyl phthalate and diisononyl phthalate were 0.25–10 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients of all phthalates were higher than 0.99 and those of 16 phthalates were higher than 0.999. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification of 15 phthalates were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, meanwhile diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate were 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg, and diisodecyl phthalate and diisononyl phthalate were 0.10 and 0.25 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 76.26–107.76%, and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.78–12.10%. Results support this method as an efficient alternative to apply for the simultaneous determination of 22 phthalate esters in common polystyrene food‐contact materials.     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定沉积物中的酞酸酯

建立了快速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定沉积物中酞酸酯的方法。样品用二氯甲烷-丙酮(体积比为1:1)混合溶剂在100 ℃、103.4 MPa (1500 psi)条件下经快速溶剂萃取、以5 mL/min的速率经凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化去除大分子干扰物后,采用GC-MS/MS分析测定。采用内标法定量,17种酞酸酯的检出限为0.05～0.40 μg/kg;回收率为50.5%～107.9%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～13.9%。采用替代物基体加入法对方法的性能进行了验证,3种替代物的回收率为65.3%～95.8%。该方法快速、灵敏度高,能同时准确定性定量测定17种酞酸酯。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法检测黄瓜中的19种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了QuEChERS结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪同时检测黄瓜中19种邻苯二甲酸酯残留的方法。黄瓜样品采用乙腈超声提取,经无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析离心后减压蒸馏富集,然后用C18吸附剂净化,经HP-5ms UI色谱柱分离后在多反应监测模式下进行测定。该方法在10~5000 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r ≥ 0.9995),检出限为0.2~3.5 μg/kg。按照建立的方法分别进行了10、100和500 μg/kg 3个添加水平的19种邻苯二甲酸酯的加标回收率试验,回收率为63.3%~127.8%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~13.3%。该方法灵敏度高、准确度好,符合多残留检测的技术要求,适用于黄瓜等蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯残留的检测。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定食用油中22种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定食用油中22种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。方法具有良好线性,相关系数R均大于0.999,检测限在0.09～11.83 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在81.45%～113.90%范围内,相对标准偏差为1.55%～9.41%。采用该方法对国内食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂进行检测,实际样品中检出邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯,可满足目前食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测要求。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中23种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了同时检测食品中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷或乙腈提取、玻璃ProElut PSA固相萃取柱净化,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)测定。考察了不同种类食品的提取、净化方法。23种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围除邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)和邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)为0.5～5 mg/L外,其余均为0.05～5 mg/L,相关系数(r)除DIDP外均大于0.99。方法的检出限(信噪比为3)为0.005～0.05 mg/kg,定量限(信噪比为10)为0.02～0.2 mg/kg。在10种食品基质中3个加标水平的平均回收率为77%～112%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为4.1%～12.5%。该方法稳定、可靠,操作简单,适用于食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测与确证。     

Solid‐phase microextraction of phthalate esters by a new coating based on a thermally stable polypyrrole/graphene oxide composite

A novel polypyrole/graphene oxide coating was made by the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and graphene oxide on a platinum wire. The prepared fiber has shown a good thermal stability up to 300°C. The fiber was applied to the direct solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of four phthalate esters. The effect of four parameters on gas chromatography peak area including extraction temperature, extraction time, injection temperature, and ionic strength were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits were between 0.042 and 0.26 μg/L. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations obtained at 55 μg/L, using a single fiber, were 8.2–16% and 17.3–25.6%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of phthalate esters in two real samples of boiling water in cheap disposable clear plastic drinking cups showing recoveries from 83 to 120%.