化学竞赛选手失利体验的心理学分析与启示——基于教育现象学的个案研究

采用现象学研究方法,通过研究一名化学竞赛选手失利时的心理体验,了解竞赛选手的参赛动机、参赛心态、学习兴趣、学习压力等方面问题,进而探寻其教育意义。对学科竞赛与资优生培养得出一些思考与启示。     

超声雾化进样法MPT－AFS的研究

本文对超声雾化进样微波等离子体炬（ＭＰＴ）原子荧光光谱法（ＡＦＳ）的分析性能进行了研究，在实验中详细地考察了各种实验条件和仪器参数对分析性能的影响，并利用此方法对Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等元素进行了分析测定研究，并对这种等离子体的荧光发射区域作了探讨。     

超声雾化进样法MPT—AFS的研究

本文对超声雾化进样微波等离子人体炬（ＭＰＴ）原子荧光光谱法（ＡＦＳ）的分析性能进行了研究，在实验中详细才考察了各种实验条件和仪器参数对分析性能的影响，并利用此方法对Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ等元素进行了分析测定研究，并对这种离子体的荧光发射区域作了探讨。     

大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成及其吸附性能研究(Ⅱ)对磷的吸附性能

前文[1]介绍了大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）与三烯丙基氰尿酸酯（TAC）共聚物（GT）的合成及其孔结构性能。本文研究了GT共聚物经与甘露醇进行功能基化反应制得新型吸磷吸附剂（GTG）。并观察了该吸附剂在诸因素（如pH值、温度及时间等）对磷的吸附性能。实验结果表明：该吸附剂在磷酸盐缓冲液中，pH＝7．0时，温度为37℃，磷的初始含量为10mg／dl时，吸附剂对磷的吸附量可达8．60mg／g吸附剂。     

毛细管区带电泳用于分离分析砷化合物的研究

采用毛细管区带电泳，以磷酸盐为缓冲溶液分离了5种砷的化合物：As（Ⅲ）、DMA、ANA、MMA和As（Ⅴ）．用紫外吸收法在191nm波长下，对实验条件进行了优化；使用扩展光程毛细管研究了实验方法的重现性；测定了各种砷化合物的峰面积与浓度的关系，在最大进样量时测定了检出限，并将该方法用于合成样品的分析．     

蔗糖水解实验数据处理与误差分析

为了提高蔗糖水解反应实验结果准确性，采用误差分析的方法，对不同数据处理方法进行分析，提出了一个准确、快速，适于学生实验的数据处理方法：采用外推法确定α0，进而计算α∞；采用二次曲线拟合ln（α—α∞）与时间关系，计算速率常数。该方法的分析结果能够反映实验过程中温度对速率常数的影响。     

基础科学教育应把握好范畴及边界——以中学化学中结晶(重结晶)问题的教学为例

分析和阐述了结晶（重结晶）的基本原理，以课程标准为依据对结晶（重结晶）问题进行了教学要求的解析。认为，中学化学中的结晶（重结晶）问题的教学目标，不是结晶学的学科知识教学，也不是单纯的实验技能和方法培养，而应是围绕“溶解度及其应用”这一核心概念展开的辅助教学；认知边界应是溶解度概念在分离和提纯应用上的理解；把握基础科学教育内容的认知边界，是科学研究与科学教育、科学研究成果与科学教育素材的区别所在。     

固相微萃取与色谱联用方法分析水中12种有机氯化合物

运用顶空固相微萃取与色谱闻用方法（ＨＳ－ＳＰＭＥ－ＧＣ）对水中的残留有机氯化合物进行了分析。对影响ＨＳ－ＳＰＭＥ－ＧＣ分析灵敏度的各种实验因素如涂层种类,萃取温度、平衡时间,离子浓度等进行了讨论并将该方法与固相萃取法（ＳＰＥ）,液液萃取法（ＬＬＥ）作了对比,同时考察了常见环境共存污染物直链烷基苯磺酸钠（ＬＡＳ）对几种方法的影响。     

环己醇氧化制备己二酸实验工艺改进探究

为了找到己二酸制备实验效果不佳的原因，从4个方面进行了探讨：环己醇最佳滴加速度的确定、反应温度随时间的变化规律、凝聚时间对产品品质的影响及浓缩液的适宜体积。通过实验探究，找到了学生实验失败的主要原因，改进了实验装置，并确定了实验最佳工艺条件：环己醇的滴速20 s/滴左右，凝聚时间8 min，浓缩液的体积约20 mL。改进后的实验成功率达到90%以上，产品品质良好。     

中国台湾地区“化学平衡”主题教学研究现状分析

以“化学平衡”为研究对象，筛选中国台湾地区从1991年到2022年与该主题相关的研究成果，得到期刊论文11篇、硕士论文22篇，发文者皆来自于高校。对样本论文的研究范式、研究方法、研究对象、研究类型、研究内容等5个角度进行分析发现：中国台湾对“化学平衡”的研究，多采用定性与定量相结合的实证研究，研究内容包括学生的概念理解、心智模式和教学策略等，聚焦学生的认知过程，关注实验创新和教育技术的融合。对比海峡两岸对“化学平衡”的研究发现同中有异，据此提出了相关建议，以期为该主题的教学和研究提供参考。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。