环境和生物样品中有机氯农药残留检测研究进展

综述了环境和生物样品中有机氯农药残留检测中样品的前处理方法(包括溶剂提取、溶剂提取和层析柱分离法、微波萃取、凝胶渗透色谱净化法、固相萃取法等)和测定方法(包括气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法等)的研究进展。     

基质固相萃取-气相色谱电子捕获检测器同时测定大米中12种有机氯农药残留量

建立了大米中12种有机氯农药气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法.采用基质固相分散(Matrix Solid Phase Disperse, MSPD)技术进行样品前处理, 用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行快速定性定量分析.基质固相分散集提取、过滤、净化于一步完成, 避免了样品均化、转溶、乳化、浓缩造成的待测农药组分的损失, 大大提高了方法的准确度和精密度.12种有机氯农药的添加回收率在83%～103%之间,相对标准偏差为2.2%～19%.     

动物源性食品中小分子有机污染物的多类别多残留分析技术的研究进展

综述了近年来动物源性食品中小分子有机污染物的多类别多残留分析技术的研究进展,包括液液萃取法、加速溶剂萃取法、基质分散固相萃取法等提取方法,液液萃取法、低温冷冻法、固相分散萃取法、固相萃取法等净化方法,以及液相色谱法、质谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析方法。还指出了多类别多残留分析方法潜在的研究方向(引用文献64篇)。     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法测定萝卜中有机氯农药及类似物

建立了顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法测定萝卜中有机氯农药及类似物的分析方法。用水稀释萝卜汁后,用顶空固相微萃取法萃取样品中有机氯农药及类似物,用气相色谱电子捕获检测器进行检测。方法的相关系数r≥0.991,实际样品中被测成分的检出限最大为3.36μg/kg。14种有机氯农药测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于12.8%(n=5);3个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为67.2%~115%。方法可用于测定萝卜中有机氯农药及类似物。     

不同前处理方式结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定当归中30种禁用农药残留量北大核心CSCD

当归样品经QuEChERS法和固相萃取法处理,浓缩后用60%(体积分数)乙腈溶液稀释,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定30种禁用农药残留量。以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)为固定相,以含5 mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相体系进行梯度洗脱;质谱分析中以电喷雾离子源正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测。用基质匹配法绘制工作曲线,外标法定量。结果显示:除涕灭威外,其余农药几乎都存在基质效应;30种禁用农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的定量离子对峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为0.13~15.06μg·kg^(-1)(QuEChERS法),0.13~14.77μg·kg^(-1)(固相萃取法);基质匹配混合标准溶液中30种禁用农药测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.4%~12%(QuEChERS法),1.0%~13%(固相萃取法);阴性样品中30种禁用农药的加标回收率为60.4%~140%(QuEChERS法),61.0%~144%(固相萃取法);方法用于23批当归样品中禁用农药残留情况筛查,有2批样品中检出禁用农药甲拌磷亚砜,检出量为0.0160~0.0197 mg·kg^(-1),并且QuEChERS法和固相萃取法处理后的测定结果基本一致。     

基质固相分散-气质联用测定3种基质中28种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用基质固相分散法从3种基质(白菜、梨、鸡肉)中提取、净化28种拟除虫菊酯类农药,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法进行检测.通过对基质固相分散的条件,如吸附剂、洗脱剂、洗脱体积等参数进行优化,建立了3种基质中28种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留分析的前处理方法.利用所建立的方法进行0.01 mg/kg、0.02 mg/kg和0....     

复杂基质中短链氯化石蜡前处理方法的建立和优化

短链氯化石蜡(Short-chain Chlorinated Paraffins,SCCPs)是组成复杂且应用广泛的一类有机氯代混合物。本文比较了4种前处理方法对复杂基质中SCCPs的提取效率。实验结果表明,对于固体基质加速溶剂萃取法回收率达到94.6%,优于超声提取法(回收率63.4%);对于液体基质固相萃取回收率达到70.2%,优于液-液萃取法(回收率57.1%)。在此基础上建立了使用加速溶剂萃取,复合弗罗里硅土和硅胶层析柱净化固体基质中SCCPs的前处理方法。利用所建立的方法,对我国济南地区超市食品样品中SCCPs的污染水平和各同系物组分进行研究。该方法对食品样品的回收率范围在63%和96%之间。     

基质标准校正-气相色谱-质谱法同时检测地下水中有机氯农药和多环芳烃

建立了同时检测水中17种有机氯农药和16种多环芳烃的气相色谱质谱分析方法。采用C18固相萃取技术萃取水中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃,分析了产生基质效应的主要原因,对不同基质样品进行了回收率比对试验。结果表明方法检出限(LOD)均低于2.0 ng/L,方法所评估的定量限(LOQ)均低于20.0 ng/L,回收率为70%~130%。     

烟草中有机氯类农药多残留分析前处理方法对比研究

以烟草中有机氯类农药为研究对象,从检出限、回收率、重复性和色谱图4个方面系统比较了机械振荡萃取法、超声波溶剂萃取法、微波辅助萃取法和加速溶剂萃取法4种常用前处理方法。由于加速溶剂萃取法是在高温高压下进行萃取,在提取出残留农药的同时,也提取出更多的干扰物。机械振荡法、超声波溶剂萃取法和微波辅助萃取法各项结果差别较小,其中机械振荡萃取法回收率和重复性最好,但提取时间较长。考虑溶剂消耗和提取时间等方面的因素,微波辅助萃取是较理想的样品前处理方法。     

SPE-GC-MS法分析生物检材中的呋喃丹

呋喃丹是目前国内经常使用的农药,使用这类农药自杀、他杀或误服等中毒事件也时有发生.为此我们建立了固相萃取法提取富集生物检材中呋喃丹,GC-MS进行分析鉴定的方法.经对多例呋喃丹投毒案进行分析测定,证明该法对法医毒物分析,法医临床及临床救治均具有实际意义.     

分析化学中的溶剂萃取技术

综述了近年来溶剂萃取在分析化学中应用的发展趋势。对溶剂萃取所发展的超临界流体萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取及膜萃取方面作了重点叙述。引用文献35篇。     

兽药残留分析中样品前处理技术研究进展

样品前处理是兽药残留分析中的关键步骤,直接影响检测的结果.近年来,出现了一些新的样品前处理技术,如固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、膜萃取、液相微萃取、超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取、分子印迹、微波辅助萃取.这些技术能够有效地减少分析过程中由样品前处理过程带来的误差,具有前处理快速、简便的优点,同时可与分析仪器联用,实现分析的自动化.本文对这些新技术的基本原理、特点及在兽药残留分析中的应用进行了综述,并对样品前处理的前景进行了展望.     

粮油作物及茶叶中农药多残留检测的前处理技术进展

综述了粮油作物和茶叶中农药多残留检测的前处理技术,包括超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、分散固相萃取、固相微萃取和在线凝胶渗透色谱等样品前处理方式,并详细介绍了各种方法的原理、优点及适用范围,可为粮油作物和茶叶中农药多残留检测技术的发展提供参考。     

复杂基体中痕量多环芳烃分析测定方法的研究进展

介绍了环境样品（水和土壤）以及植物油中痕量多环芳烃的分析检测方法。对样品的预处理过程和分析方法做了评价。采用一些新的预处理方法（包括液相色谱法、固相萃取法、超临界二氧化碳萃取法）,并结合色谱-质谱在线联用分析检测方法能够获得比较理想的分析结果。引用文献52篇。     

Supercritical fluid extraction followed by supramolecular solvent microextraction as a fast and efficient preconcentration method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels

In this work, reverse micelle‐based supramolecular solvent microextraction method coupled with supercritical fluid extraction and used for determining trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels. The extract was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. Coupling supramolecular solvent microextraction with supercritical fluid extraction method, resolve low preconcentration factor of supercritical fluid extraction method, improved limit of detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and allow the use of supramolecular solvent microextraction in solid matrices. The effective parameters on the supramolecular solvent microextraction and supercritical fluid extraction efficiency were optimized using one variable at a time and face centered design methods, respectively. Under the optimum condition, the limits of detection and limits of quantifications were in the range of 0.34–1.27 and 1.03–3.82 µg/kg, respectively. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels showed that the supercritical fluid extraction/ supramolecular solvent microextraction method provide great potential for trace analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fruit samples (RSDs < 7.7%).     

Selective extraction of triazine herbicides based on a combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction

A selective extraction technique based on the combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for triazine herbicides in food samples was developed. Simazine, atrazine, prometon, terbumeton, terbuthylazine and prometryn were extracted from aqueous food samples into a hydrophobic polypropylene membrane bag containing 1000μL of toluene as the acceptor phase along with 100mg of MIP particles. In the acceptor phase, the compounds were re-extracted onto MIP particles. The extraction technique was optimised for the type of organic acceptor solvent, amount of molecularly imprinted polymers particles in the organic acceptor phase, extraction time and addition of salt. Toluene as the acceptor phase was found to give higher triazine binding onto MIP particles compared to hexane and cyclohexane. Extraction time of 120min and 100mg of MIP were found to be optimum parameters. Addition of salt increased the extraction efficiency for more polar triazines. The selectivity of the technique was demonstrated by extracting spiked cow pea and corn extracts where clean chromatograms were obtained compared to only membrane assisted solvent extraction or only molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. The study revealed that this combination may be a simple way of selectively extracting compounds in complex samples.     

Comparison and application of two microextractions based on syringe membrane filter

Two proposed syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction and syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, coupled separately with high performance liquid chromatography, were developed for simultaneous enrichment and determination of the trace level of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine. In syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was served as a solid adsorption film to adsorb target analytes. And in syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was used as not only an adsorption phase, but also as a holder of extraction solvent to realize liquid‐solid synergistic extraction. The simple operation, rapid extraction, and little or no organic solvent consumption make the two approaches very interesting. To evaluate the two proposed approaches, the crucial parameters affecting the enrichment factors of target analytes were investigated and optimized, and the two microextractions were intercompared. Moreover, their microextraction mechanisms were analyzed and described. Under the optimized conditions, both the new approaches achieved good linearities, accuracies, precisions, and low limits of detection, and the two methods were successfully applied for concentration of the flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicines.     

Comparison of headspace solid‐phase microextraction and solvent extraction method for the simultaneous analysis of various soil fumigants in soil or water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

The quantity of soil fumigants has increased globally that has focused attention on their environmental behavior. However, simultaneous analysis of traces of fumigant residues is often unreported because analysis methods are not readily available to measure them at low concentrations. In this study, typical solvent extraction methods were compared with headspace solid‐phase microextraction methods. Both methods can be used for simultaneously measuring the concentrations of five commonly used soil fumigants in soil or water. The solvent extraction method showed acceptable recovery (76–103%) and intraday relative standard deviations (0.8–11%) for the five soil fumigants. The headspace solid‐phase microextraction method also showed acceptable recovery (72–104%) and precision rates (1.3–17%) for the five soil fumigants. The solvent extraction method was more precise and more suitable for analyzing relatively high fumigant residue levels (0.05–5 μg/g) contained in multiple soil samples. The headspace solid‐phase microextraction method, however, had a much lower limits of detection (0.09–2.52 μg/kg or μg/L) than the solvent extraction method (5.8–29.2 μg/kg), making headspace solid‐phase microextraction most suitable for trace analysis of these fumigants. The results confirmed that the headspace solid‐phase microextraction method was more convenient and sensitive for the determination of fumigants to real soil samples.     

Determination of vitamin A in blood serum based on solid‐phase extraction using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐modified attapulgite

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐modified attapulgite was prepared and utilized as a novel sorbent in a simple solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of vitamin A in blood serum. Several factors affecting extraction efficiency were systematically optimized, including the sampling solvent and its volume, as well as the elution solvent and its volume. Under the optimal solid‐phase extraction conditions, the adsorption capacity of vitamin A was as high as 28 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model. Based on the developed solid‐phase extraction method, the level of vitamin A in 200 µL blood serum sample could be accurately determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of vitamin A spiked in 10% v/v methanol aqueous solutions were in the range of 86.9–92.8%, with the relative standard deviations not more than 8.1%. The method was applied to the determination of vitamin A in serum samples from 20 pregnant women. Compared with the previously reported solid‐phase extraction methods for determination of vitamin A in serum, our developed cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐modified attapulgite‐based solid‐phase extraction method used lower serum volume, omitted extra steps (i.e. evaporation and re‐dissolution), and eliminated internal standard. The results were promising for it to be used in routine monitoring during pregnancy.     

烟用香精中风味成分的提取条件的优化与测定

分别采用溶剂萃取、同时蒸馏萃取、固相微萃取和水蒸汽蒸馏等4种方法提取烟用香精B3样品中的挥发性和半挥发性风味成分，并采用信息量和重现性两个指标考察最优提取方案。正己烷溶剂萃取法具有相对较高的信息量和理想的重现性。通过GC和GC-MS进行定性定量分析，共鉴定了34种成分，定性了的成分占总成分的85．4％。