顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法用于白术中挥发性成分的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分离鉴定了白术中的挥发性成分,并与采用传统的水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取的挥发性成分进行了比较。实验中筛选了固相微萃取纤维头,优化了SPME的操作条件。样品在70 ℃下平衡30 min后,用65 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯(PDMS-DVB)纤维头对白术样品顶空吸附30 min,于250 ℃下解吸4 min, 然后采用GC-MS对解吸物进行分离鉴定;采用HS-SPME-GC-MS鉴定出41种组分,占总峰面积的90.81%;采用SD-GC-MS鉴定出31个组分,占总峰面积的88.19%,且采用SD所提取的组分基本上都被固相微萃取所提取。结果表明, HS-SPME可取代耗时的SD用于白术中挥发性物质的提取。     

顶空-固相微萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取沙棘挥发油组分的比较研究

优化了顶空-固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取沙棘挥发性成分的条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分别对HS-SPME法和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)的提取物进行分析。结果显示,在萃取温度为70℃,萃取时间为50 min,解吸时间为7 min,平衡时间为20 min条件下,HS-SPME法鉴定出76种组分,占挥发性物质总量的90.19%,主要成分为酯类、醛类和酮类;而SD法提取物共鉴定出56种组分,占挥发性物质总量的91.98%,主要成分为酯类。2种方法共有组分为20种。两种方法提取的沙棘挥发油组分的种类及含量差异较大,HS-SPME法更适合沙棘挥发性组分的快速检测。     

气相色谱质谱联用法分析藿香正气口服液中的挥发性成分

采用顶空-固相微萃取GC-MS法提取分析藿香正气口服液的挥发性成分,用自动质谱去卷积鉴别系统对数据进行解析。采用质谱谱库检索结合化合物保留指数定性分析色谱峰,面积归一化法进行定量分析。从藿香正气口服液中共分离出103个组分,定性鉴定了其中的80个,占总挥发性成分的94.03%。藿香正气口服液的主要挥发性成分为倍半萜烃类(51.71%)、萜醇类(24.70%)、单萜烃类(10.59%)和醛类(2.49%)等。     

蒸馏法-液液萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄酒中挥发性酚类物质的含量北大核心CSCD

提出了蒸馏法-液液萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定葡萄酒中挥发性酚类物质含量的方法。取100 mL葡萄酒样品(液温20℃)于500 mL蒸馏瓶中,连接冷凝管进行蒸馏,收集馏出液100 mL。取馏出液20 mL于50 mL离心管中,加入20μL内标溶液(25.0 mg·L^(-1)3,4-二甲基苯酚的乙醇溶液),涡旋振荡5 min,混匀。加入氯化钠使之饱和(氯化钠质量浓度为360 g·L^(-1)),用10 mL二氯甲烷进行萃取(5 mL/次×2次),每次萃取振荡5 min,超声10 min,离心5 min。合并的有机相用3.0 g无水硫酸钠除水后,于35℃氮吹至1 mL。采用GC-MS/MS测定所得溶液中14种挥发性酚类物质的含量。结果表明,14种挥发性酚类物质的质量浓度与内标质量浓度的比值在一定范围内跟对应的峰面积比值呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.5~9.2μg·L^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为87.3%~107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.70%~5.6%。     

小叶女贞花挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法,分别以正己烷和乙醚为萃取剂从小叶女贞花中提取挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,运用峰面积归一化法计算各化学成分在挥发油中的相对含量.在正己烷萃取的挥发油中鉴定了45种组分,在乙醚萃取的挥发油中鉴定了58种组分.研究了不同极性溶剂作萃取剂对小叶女贞花挥发性成分的影响.     

GC—MS分析不同方法提取的大黄挥发性成分

分别采用顶空进样法和超临界CO2萃取法提取大黄挥发性成分,采用GC-MS结合保留指数进行检测分析。顶空进样法分析鉴定出8种挥发性成分,超临界CO2萃取法鉴定出15种挥发性成分。两种提取方法分别侧重于不同类型的挥发性成分,利用GC-MS结合保留指数进行定性分析,更快速准确。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析牡丹花的挥发性成分

用固相微萃取装置（SPME）顶空提取牡丹花的挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术定性分析不同品种牡丹花的挥发性成分,归一法计算其相对百分含量,同时对SPME与水气蒸馏提取效果进行了比较。10个品种牡丹花共检出34种成分,其中多数是烷烃。不同品种牡丹花的成分与相对百分含量不同,少量的醇、酯、烯等成为其特有成分。     

HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学分析不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术(HS-SPME/GC-MS)分析了不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分,采用正交试验设计优化了影响顶空固相微萃取技术的各项因素,以主成分分析、聚类分析两种化学计量学方法分析评价了8个产地路路通的挥发性成分。优化实验结果为1 g样品量在80℃下提取40 min,解析1 min。8个产地的路路通共鉴定出48种挥发性组分,不同产地的化学成分大致相同,含量差异较大。两种统计分析方法均表明,湖南、江苏、四川、辽宁4个产地的路路通挥发性成分比较相似,贵州、广西、安徽、河北4个产地的路路通比较接近。主成分分析结果表明,氧化石竹烯、δ-杜松烯、橙花叔醇可作为区分两大类路路通的代表性化合物。HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学方法可以有效地对不同产地的路路通进行质量评价,从而为中药路路通的药物开发和科学栽培管理提供重要参考。     

水蒸气蒸馏提取与顶空进样GC-MS分析高良姜挥发性成分

比较了水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空加热法提取高良姜挥发性成分的方法,并进行GC-MS分析。结果表明,两种提取方法无论在成分还是其相对含量均存在一定的差异。采用顶空进样技术可鉴定出31个挥发性化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法可鉴定出31个挥发性化学成分,两种方法共有成分为16种。两种样品采集方法分别提供了高良姜不同沸点挥发物的化学信息,运用这两种方法可以建立更全面的高良姜挥发性成分GC-MS表征体系。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析干柴胡药材中有机挥发物

采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测分析干柴胡药材中挥发性成分,选用聚丙烯酸酯涂层,就萃取时间、温度、体积、样品量、预热时间及脱附时间等条件进行了优化,结果表明,30mL萃取瓶里0．5g样品90℃温度下预热40min后,以85μmPA涂层顶空萃取50min,于250℃脱附5min,测得88个峰,鉴定26种化合物成分。方法所得结果与传统提取方法(蒸馏提取法)比较,相对含量较高的成分一致,方法重现性理想,可应用于柴胡药材挥发性物质的快速分析。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.