高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测粮谷中三嗪类除草剂残留量

建立了同时检测粮谷中26种三嗪类除草剂残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品经乙腈提取,Oasis MCX固相萃取柱净化,用液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪测定.方法线性范围为1～500 μg/L,26种三嗪类除草剂在此范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9973～0.9999.在10～100 μg/kg浓度范围内,加标回收率在67.9%～102.3%之间,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.1%.方法可同时满足进出口粮谷中多种三嗪类除草剂残留的检验需要.     

事蔬菜中残留三嗪农药的检测

建立了同时检测西红柿中11种三嗪除草剂残留量的高效液相色谱-紫外检测-质谱定性法.样品经纯水-甲醇提取,C12固相萃取柱净化,然后采用高效液相/紫外/质谱检测法测定,液相外标法定量.对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了研究和优化.11种三嗪除草剂在0.02×10-6～1.0×10-6 g/mL范围内的线性良好,相关系数为0.998 7～0.999 9,在0.01～0.1μg/g范围内,平均添加回收率在72.1%～101.0%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.1%.方法简便、快速、净化效果好.     

气相色谱化学电离二级质谱法测定土壤中16种三嗪类除草剂的残留

建立了气相色谱化学电离二级质谱法(GC-CI-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中16种三嗪类除草剂多残留量的方法,测定16种三嗪类除草剂仅需12min。样品采用乙腈与盐酸混合溶液,加入氯化钠超声波辅助提取,离心后,乙腈层经过国产石墨化炭黑(GCB)柱净化,流出液浓缩后环己烷定容,GC-MS/MS测定。研究比较了在不同进样溶剂下的化合物响应和不同填料固相萃取(SPE)柱的萃取净化效果,结果表明,环己烷作为进样溶剂效果最好,国产GCB和C18-SPE柱的回收率较好,同时国产GCB对色素的净化效果好,替代进口SPE柱,可以节约实验成本。16种三嗪类除草剂在0.05(0.1)～8.0mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9952～0.9999之间;在0.005～0.02μg/g添加水平范围内,平均添加回收率在91.41%～114.12%之间;相对标准偏差在1.1%～16.8%之间。本方法中16种三嗪类除草剂在土壤中的检出限均低于0.005μg/g。     

粮食中磺酰脲类除草剂的UPLC/MS/MS测定方法

建立了多类粮食作物中15种磺酰脲类除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪(UPLC/MS/MS)多离子监测(MRM)的多残留检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷液-液分配,石墨化碳氨基小柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS(ESI+)测定。方法中各种磺酰脲类除草剂在5～200μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9995～0.9999。在5～100μg/kg范围内,平均加标回收率在71.6%～115.3%之间,相对标准偏差不大于15%。各种药物的定量限(S/N≥10)均可达到5μg/kg。该方法可同时满足大豆、大米、玉米等多种粮食中磺酰脲类除草剂的检测需求。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测大米中12种磺酰脲类除草剂的残留

建立了固相萃取前处理净化技术-高效液相色谱（HPLC）同时检测大米中12种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的方法。采用ENVITM-18(C18)硅胶柱和ENVI-Carb(GCB)石墨化碳柱对样品进行净化、萃取,采用C8柱,以乙腈和5 mmol/L 冰乙酸混合溶剂为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在240 nm下进行检测。12种磺酰脲类除草剂在0.01~0.50 μg/g添加范围内的回收率为72.2%~106.5%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~6.4%,检出限为0.01~0.02 μg/g。     

微波辅助-液液微提取环境水样中的三嗪类除草剂

采用微波辅助-液液微提取高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的三嗪类除草剂.优化了提取溶剂的种类和体积、样品溶液的pH值、盐的浓度、提取时间、微波功率、振荡时间和离心速度等实验条件.在20 mL水样中,加入200 μL 1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(提取剂),控制NaCl的含量为3%(m/V),在300 W时常压微波提取加热1 min,振荡15 min. 提取完成后,在冰水浴中冷却20 min后, 以8000 r/min离心5 min.在最佳实验条件下,5种除草剂在2.5～60 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9972～0.9991之间; 检出限为0.56～1.44 μg/L.     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-气质联用法测定土壤中三嗪类除草剂

建立了以超声波提取、凝胶渗透色谱净化(GPC)、HP-5 MS石英毛细管柱分离、E1离子源质谱法测定土壤中13种三嗪类除草剂的多残留检测方法.三嗪类除草剂的添加水平为0.010～0.100 mg/kg时,平均回收率为72.1%～118.3%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～19.8%(n=4);方法的检出限为0.30～2.50μg/kg.     

气相色谱化学电离二级质谱法对玉米籽粒中三嗪类除草剂及其代谢物的测定

建立了玉米籽粒中三嗪类除草剂及其代谢物残留的气相色谱化学电离二级质谱(GC-CI MS/MS)分析方法.样品采用盐酸和乙腈混合溶液均质提取,石墨化碳黑(GCB)与中性氧化铝的混合固相萃取柱净化,GC-CI MS/MS基质外标法测定.三嗪类除草剂及代谢物在0.05(0.10) ～4.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r在0.993 9以上(脱乙基莠去津溶剂标准曲线的r=0.989 4);在0.050、0.100 μg/g添加水平,平均添加回收率为72% ～108%,相对标准偏差为3.09% ～20.14%,满足进出口及残留监控测定的需要.     

气相色谱法同时测定玉米中12种三嗪类除草剂的残留量

建立了气相色谱-氮磷检测器同时检测玉米中12种三嗪类除草剂（西玛通、西玛津、阿特拉津、扑灭津、特丁通、特丁津、环丙津、西草净、扑草净、特丁净、甲氧丙净、环嗪酮）残留量的方法。玉米样品用乙腈萃取,强阳离子交换(SCX)固相萃取柱净化后,用DB-5弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm i.d.×0.25 μm)分离样品,氮磷检测器测定。12种三嗪类除草剂在0.01～2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998;最低检测限为0.01 mg/kg;添加回收率为84.0%～106.8%;相对标准偏差为0.9%～4.7%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定中药材中三唑类杀菌剂及三嗪类除草剂的残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定甘草、西洋参、三七、人参、丹参5种中药材中10种三唑类杀菌剂、18种三嗪类除草剂(包括有毒代谢物)残留量的分析方法。采用QuEChERS前处理方法,样品经1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)净化处理,以Shim-pack XR-ODSII(75 mm×2.0 mm)为色谱柱,0.05%(v/v)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定。25种农药及其3种有毒代谢物的定量限(S/N≥10)为0.20～5.52 μg/kg;检出限(S/N≥3)为0.10～2.57 μg/kg;在各自的考察浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999);在0.20～55.2 μg/kg添加水平内,平均加标回收率为70.6%～125.7%,RSD为0.7%～14.2%。该方法样品前处理简单、快速、灵敏,可用于中药材中三唑类杀菌剂和三嗪类除草剂农药残留量的快速筛查。     

红景天苷及其酯化产物的ESI MS和MS/MS裂解途径

糖苷广泛存在于自然界中,常以糖苷酯形式存在,这有效地提高了它们的酯溶性,增加它们在肠内和胞内的吸收[1-3]。红景天苷是一种具有抗疲劳、抗辐射、抗缺氧、提高记忆、延缓衰老等药理活性的天然糖苷[4-8],在此先导化合物的基础上合成了各种红景天苷酯。本文对这类红景天苷酯的E     

Analysis of MS/MS fragmentation of taxoids

The fragmentation pathways of seven types of taxoids were investigated by using a LC-MS/MS method, namely: (1) neutral taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond; (2) taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond and oxygenation at C-14; (3) 5-cinnamoyl taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond; (4) a basic taxoid with a C-4(20) double bond; (5) a taxoid with a C-4(20) epoxide; (6) taxoids with an oxetane ring; and (7) taxoids with an oxetane ring and a phenylisoserine C-13 side chain. Depending on the class of core structure and the substitution pattern, each taxoid gave either the molecular adduct ion [M+NH4]+ or [M+H]+. In the MS/MS, the molecular adduct ion gave characteristic product ions corresponding to the loss of water, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid or the phenylisoserine group. These could reflect the difference of the substitutions and structural modifications and should be utilized for the structure elucidation oftaxoids by LC-MS.     

LC/MS and LC/MS/MS determination of protein tryptic digests

Tryptic digests were analyzed by means of online microbore liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for some common proteins. Following conventional enzymatic digestion with trypsin, the freeze-dried residues were dissolved in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) eluent and subjected to gradient reversed-phase microbore HPLC separation with mass spectrometric detection. The latter was done in the full-scan single or tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometry mode. The formation of gas-phase ions from dissolved analytes was accomplished at atmospheric pressure by pneumatically assisted electrospray (ion spray) ionization. This produced field-assisted ion evaporation of dissolved ions, which could then be mass-analyzed for molecular mass or structure. In the full-scan LC/MS mode, the masses for the peptide fragments in the tryptic digests can be determined as either their singly or multiply charged ions. When the molecular weights of the peptides lie outside the mass range of the mass spectrometer, the multiply charged feature of these experimental conditions still provides reliable molecular weight determinations. In addition, collision-activated dissociation (CAD) on selected peptide precursor ions provides online LC/MS/MS sequence information for the tryptic fragments. Results are shown for the tryptic digests of horse heart cytochrome c, bovine β-lactoglobulin A, and bovine β-lactoglobulin B.     

Analytical performance of the various acquisition modes in Orbitrap MS and MS/MS

Quadrupole Orbitrap instruments (Q Orbitrap) permit high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based full scan acquisitions and have a number of acquisition modes where the quadrupole isolates a particular mass range prior to a possible fragmentation and high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based acquisition. Selecting the proper acquisition mode(s) is essential if trace analytes are to be quantified in complex matrix extracts. Depending on the particular requirements, such as sensitivity, selectivity of detection, linear dynamic range, and speed of analysis, different acquisition modes may have to be chosen. This is particularly important in the field of multi‐residue analysis (eg, pesticides or veterinary drugs in food samples) where a large number of analytes within a complex matrix have to be detected and reliably quantified. Meeting the specific detection and quantification performance criteria for every targeted compound may be challenging. It is the aim of this paper to describe the strengths and the limitations of the currently available Q Orbitrap acquisition modes. In addition, the incorporation of targeted acquisitions between full scan experiments is discussed. This approach is intended to integrate compounds that require an additional degree of sensitivity or selectivity into multi‐residue methods.     

Selective detection and identification of phosphopeptides by dansyl MS/MS/MS fragmentation

Protein phosphorylation regulates many cellular processes and pathways, such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction cascades and gene expression. Selective detection of phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests is a challenging and highly relevant task in many proteomics applications. Often phosphopeptides are present in small amounts and need selective isolation or enrichment before identification. Here we report a novel approach to label selectively phospho-Ser/-Thr residues by exploiting the features of a novel linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Using dansyl labelling and MS3 fragmentation, we developed a method useful for the large-scale proteomic profiling of phosphorylation sites. The new residues in the sequence were stable and easily identifiable under general conditions for tandem mass spectrometric sequencing.     

MS/MS: Cloned mass spectrometers

Coupling mass spectrometers in tandem (MS/MS) can greatly increase the specificity of MS analysis without significantly decreasing its unusual sensitivity and speed, particularly for trace levels of preselected compounds in complex organic mixtures. MS/MS also gives more detailed structural information for larger organic molecules in submicrogram quantities.     

Dual parallel electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS), MS/MS and MS/MS/MS for the analysis of triacylglycerols and triacylglycerol oxidation products

Two mass spectrometers, in parallel, were employed simultaneously for analysis of triacylglycerols in canola oil, for analysis of triolein oxidation products, and for analysis of triacylglycerol positional isomers separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was interfaced via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface to two reversed-phase liquid chromatographic columns in series. An ion trap mass spectrometer was coupled to the same two columns using an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface, with ammonium formate added as electrolyte. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under these conditions produced abundant ammonium adduct ions from triacylglycerols, which were then fragmented to produce MS/MS spectra and then fragmented further to produce MS/MS/MS spectra. ESI-MS/MS of the ammoniated adduct ions gave product ion mass spectra which were similar to mass spectra obtained by APCI-MS. ESI-MS/MS produced diacylglycerol fragment ions, and additional fragmentation (MS/MS/MS) produced [RCO](+) (acylium) ions, [RCOO+58](+) ions, and other related ions which allowed assignment of individual acyl chain identities. APCI-MS of triacylglycerol oxidation products produced spectra like those reported previously using APCI-MS. APCI-MS/MS produced ions related to individual fatty acid chains. ESI-MS of triacylglycerol oxidation products produced abundant ammonium adduct ions, even for those molecules which previously produced little or no intact molecular ions under APCI-MS conditions. Fragmentation (MS/MS) of the [M+NH(4)](+) ions produced results similar to those obtained by APCI-MS. Further fragmentation (MS/MS/MS) of the diacylglycerol fragments of oxidation products provided information on the oxidized individual fatty acyl chains. ESI-MS and APCI-MS were found to be complementary techniques, which together contributed to a better understanding of the identities of the products formed by oxidation of triacylglycerols.     

串级质谱应用于蛋白质科学研究的实例介绍

串级质谱（MS/MS）分析是近年来迅猛发展的仪器分析技术,对于化学相关学科与其他交叉领域都起到了极大的推动作用。在使用计算机辅助解析后,常常需要进一步进行图谱指认,而这部分内容常常被化学教学所忽略。从串级质谱的原理出发,详细分析了肽段在二级质谱中可能的断裂模式与结构特性,并进一步以模型蛋白为例详细分析了串级质谱的图谱指认和峰的归属的基本原理与实用性方法,以期对教学与科研有助。