~(29)Si,~(27)AlMASNMR研究不同脱铝深度稀土超稳Y沸石中Si、Al的分布

本文应用~(29)Si,~(27)Al MAS NMR和XRD技术,测量了四种不同脱铝深度的稀土超稳Y沸石的骨架硅铝比,得到了一致的结果,并研究了稀土超稳Y沸石的脱铝过程和稀土离子稳定Y沸石骨架铝的机理.发现稀土离子存在时,Y沸石骨架中Si、Al的分布与相同硅铝比的HY不同,在浅、中度脱铝时,主要脱除的是Si(2Al)和Si(3Al)中的铝,深度脱铝时,主要是脱除Si(1Al)和少量Si(2Al)中的铝,而Si(3Al)几乎不变,提出稀土离子最可能是位于方钠石笼的Si(3Al)附近,平衡三个AlO_4~-四面体上的负电荷,起到稳定Si(3Al)结构单元的作用.其次,稀土超稳Y沸石中总的非骨架铝(N_(Al))_EF,随脱铝深度的增加而增加,仅只在REUSY-38的~(27)Al MAS NMR谱中观察到Al~(a+)非骨架铝的存在.     

^29Si,^27AIMASNMR研究不同脱铝深度稀土 超稳Y沸石中Si、Al的分布

本文应用^29Si,^27AIMASNMR和XRD技术,测量了四种不同脱铝深度的稀土超稳Y沸石的骨架硅铝比,得到了一致的结果,并研究了稀土超稳Y沸石的脱铝过程和稀土离子和Y沸石骨架铝的机理.发现稀土离子存在时,Y沸石骨架中Si、Al的分布与相同硅铝比的ＨＹ不同,在浅、中度脱铝时,主要脱除的是Si(2Al)和Si(3Al)中的铝,深度脱铝时,主要是Si(1Al)和少量Si(2Al)中的铝,而Si(3Al)几乎不变,提出稀土离子最可能是位于方钠的Si(3Al)附近,平衡三个AlO 四面体上的负电荷,起到稳定Si(3Al)结构单元的作用.其次,稀土超稳Y沸石中总的非骨架铝(N~Al)~EF,随脱铝深度的增加而增加,仅只在REUSY-38的^27AIMAS NMR谱中观察到Al^3+非骨架铝的存在.^29Si,^27AIMASNMR     

八面沸石用(NH_4)_2SiF_6脱铝补硅的研究 Ⅲ.脱铝补硅沸石的性能

沸石的热稳定性、酸性和催化性能与沸石的Si/Al比有很大的关系.用(NH_4)_2SiF_6对Y型沸石进行脱铝补硅,能改变沸石的Si/Al比,并且脱铝沸石中非骨架铝少,结晶度好,很适合用于研究其物化性质与催化性能随Si/Al比的变化. 样品的制备及结构参数测试参阅文献〔1〕.沸石的组分分析采用湿法化学分析法。晶格破坏温度由DTA法测定.将厚度为10mg/cm~2的片状沸石,于1.33×10~(-2)～     

丝光沸石水蒸气/酸浸渍脱铝的多核固体核磁共振研究

采用¹H,²⁹Si,²⁷Al魔角旋转固体核磁共振(MASNMR)及¹H-²⁹Si交叉极化(CP)技术研究丝光沸石水蒸气/酸浸渍脱铝过程中各种铝物质的结构与性质.结果表明,丝光沸石上骨架铝原子在水分子作用下,生成非骨架四配位铝物质[Al(OH)₃(H₂O)],分别在²⁷Al谱δ45和¹H谱δ3.0处出现共振信号,这种铝物质不同于扭曲四配位铝,在高温下进一步水合生成Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₂和Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₃,即非骨架五配位和六配位铝物质.¹H-²⁹SiCP和¹H谱证实,水蒸气脱铝使丝光沸石产生了大量的硅羟基和铝羟基.     

(NH4)2SiF6脱铝八面沸石酸性和1-已烯结碳研究

(NH_4)_2SiF_6液相同晶取代脱铝技术,作为沸石脱铝方法之一,自1985年提出后,己引起了人们的广泛注意.研究结果已表明:(NH_4)_2SiF_6脱铝沸石的结晶度很高,二次中孔道很少;由于在脱铝过程中扩散影响较大,使得脱铝沸石晶粒表面富硅.本文由(NH_4)_2SiF_6方法制备了骨架Si/Al 比在2.62～5.20的系列样品,用吡啶吸     

B、Al、Ga同晶取代丝光沸石的从头计算

用从头计算Hartree Fock方法研究了B、Al、Ga等同晶取代进入丝光沸石骨架后可能存在的位置,确定了与电荷平衡质子结合的氧位置,考察了B、Ga等杂原子进入骨架对丝光沸石Brnsted酸性的影响.能量分析表明B、Al、Ga在丝光沸石骨架中最容易进入T3和T4位;当Al、Ga在T4位时,质子与O10结合为能量最低即最稳定结构,而当B在T4位时,质子与O2或O10结合比较稳定.质子亲合势分析表明与硅铝丝光沸石相比, B和Ga进入骨架导致丝光沸石分子筛的Brnsted酸性有所减弱,其酸性依次为：B ZSM 5Ga ZSM 5< Al ZSM 5.     

模板剂四乙基氢氧化铵的用量对合成的β沸石结构及脱胺的影响

研究四乙基氢氧化铵（TEA-OH）模板剂用量对合成的β沸石的结构及脱胺行为的影响。合成β沸石的模板剂的较佳用量(TEA+/Al)为2.10～1.68,合成的β沸石的相对结晶度均大于84%;β沸石中的铝含量(Al/Al+Si)及骨架铝含量(TdAl/TdAl+OhAl)随晶化混合液的TEA+/Al而变,存在最佳TEA+/Al点为1.9,此时合成的β沸石非骨架铝量最少,结构硅铝比最高;含TEA的β沸石脱胺过程为Hofmann降解反应,TGA测定的失重量、DSC测定的吸热量与β沸石中TEA含量密切相关.     

Hβ沸石表面酸性质的研究

 采用四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,分别以铝酸钠和拟薄水铝石为铝源合成了β沸石,经硝酸铵溶液离子交换、柠檬酸处理及高温焙烧后制得Hβ沸石.采用NH3-TPD, 吡啶吸附态IR, 29Si NMR及27Al NMR技术研究了Hβ沸石的酸性位及脱铝与补铝过程. 结果表明,经柠檬酸处理后Hβ沸石酸强度减弱,总酸量增加,弱酸量增加的幅度大于强酸量增加的幅度,B酸量增加,L酸变化不明显. 柠檬酸处理具有脱铝与补铝的双重功能,脱铝可能主要发生在Si(2Al)位,补铝可能主要发生在Si(0Al)D位. Hβ沸石的酸性及酸度与β沸石的合成条件、离子交换条件及酸处理条件密切相关,在一定的Si/Al比(10~15)范围内, Hβ沸石的酸度决定于骨架硅的铝配位数及其分布.     

脱铝丝光分子筛应用于MTP反应:Al的落位和晶体形貌的影响

甲醇制烯烃/丙烯工艺(MTO/MTP)是当前煤基碳资源绿色催化转化的重要过程之一.在MTO/MTP工艺中,分子筛通常面临低碳烯烃选择性低、水热稳定性差和寿命短等挑战.开发高选择性和高稳定性的分子筛催化剂对煤基乙烯/丙烯等化学品的工业生产具有重要意义.本文选择了具有12元环孔道的低硅丝光分子筛(Si/Al=6)为母体,对其进行脱铝处理制备了一系列不同Al含量的高硅丝光(Si/Al=51?436)催化剂.通过N_2-吸附、NH₃程序升温脱附、羟基红外光谱、CD3CN-IR和Py-IR等技术对脱铝前后分子筛的孔道结构、酸密度、酸强度和铝的落位进行了深入研究,并将其与MTP反应性能进行关联.结果表明,骨架Al的脱除在晶体中引入了介孔.随着Si/Al的提高,分子筛的酸量和酸强度同时降低.深度脱铝后的丝光分子筛中只存在少量位于8元环侧口袋与12元环交叉口处的T2和T4位Al原子.Si/Al高于150的脱铝丝光分子筛在MTP反应中丙烯选择性高达63%,丙烯/乙烯的比值高达10.与低硅丝光分子筛相比,深度脱铝的丝光分子筛表现出更好的稳定性和更长的寿命.相同反应条件下,低硅丝光样品(Si/Al=6)反应2 h后完全失活(转化率低于10%),而高硅丝光样品(Si/Al=274)反应132 h后转化率仍然高于80%.丝光分子筛在脱铝处理后催化性能得到大幅提升的原因为:酸密度和酸强度的降低显著改变了双循环机理历程,反应中芳烃循环的比重下降,烯烃循环得到了增强,进而提高了丙烯选择性并抑制了积碳速率.此外,脱铝后保留下来的Al原子(活性中心)位于12元环孔道,其大孔结构与脱铝引入的介孔孔道为反应物、中间体及产物的扩散提供了充足的空间,进一步抑制了副反应的发生和积碳的生成.进一步研究丝光分子筛形貌对MTP反应的影响发现,丝光分子筛尺寸的变化不改变产物分布,但显著影响催化剂寿命,其原因在于丝光分子筛c-轴长度的增加使得烃池物种的扩散受到限制,导致催化剂的寿命降低.     

丝光型Si-Fe沸石表面酸碱性的研究

本文藉助红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附—质谱(TPD—MS)等手段研究了丝光型Si—Fe沸石分子筛表面的酸碱性质。结果表明:丝光沸石骨架中的铝原子被铁原子取代以后,其表面酸性大为减弱,但其碱性相对增强,Si—Fe沸石分子筛大部分表面羟基的酸性很弱,仍有一定量的L酸中心存在于沸石的表面上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.