Hβ沸石表面酸性质的研究

 采用四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,分别以铝酸钠和拟薄水铝石为铝源合成了β沸石,经硝酸铵溶液离子交换、柠檬酸处理及高温焙烧后制得Hβ沸石.采用NH3-TPD, 吡啶吸附态IR, 29Si NMR及27Al NMR技术研究了Hβ沸石的酸性位及脱铝与补铝过程. 结果表明,经柠檬酸处理后Hβ沸石酸强度减弱,总酸量增加,弱酸量增加的幅度大于强酸量增加的幅度,B酸量增加,L酸变化不明显. 柠檬酸处理具有脱铝与补铝的双重功能,脱铝可能主要发生在Si(2Al)位,补铝可能主要发生在Si(0Al)D位. Hβ沸石的酸性及酸度与β沸石的合成条件、离子交换条件及酸处理条件密切相关,在一定的Si/Al比(10~15)范围内, Hβ沸石的酸度决定于骨架硅的铝配位数及其分布.     

完美骨架全硅β沸石性质研究Ⅰ.合成全硅β沸石与脱铝β沸石的性质比较

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,静置水热法合成全硅β沸石.用硝酸(13 mol/L)对硅铝比(Si/Al)为20的Na-β沸石回流脱铝.焙烧后的上述两样品经粉末X射线衍射、低温氮吸附、核磁共振、红外光谱、吸附等温线等表征,发现合成的全硅β沸石骨架与孔道结构完美并具有很高的表面疏水/亲有机物的吸附特性.     

β-沸石骨架铝化改性的红外光谱

β沸石是以有机胺为模板剂合成的高硅沸石．为在孔道中进行吸附和催化反应,通常是在空气中 (５５０℃ )进行焙烧,将有机胺脱除并使质子酸中心形成．但这种脱模板剂方法,会造成骨架脱铝［１ -４］,使质子酸中心显著减少．β沸石固有结构中存在着孔道位错和结构空穴,空气中焙烧脱有机胺可能会进一步损伤沸石的骨架结构［４,５］．沸石骨架改性已发展了多种铝化方法［６ -８］．有的研究工作表明,通常用红外光谱和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ表征的非骨架铝,在温和的条件下,例如回馏温度下的离子交换或者在较低温度下 (１００℃或室温 )与碱反应就可…     

抑制β沸石骨架脱铝的焙烧研究

研究了因焙烧过程升温速率对β沸石模板剂的热分解过程的影响,不同升温速率下Naβ沸石焙烧的尾气组成;还测定了Naβ沸石的TG-DTG谱,400℃下Naβ沸石的FIIR谱图,以及在不同温度下焙烧4 h后的XRD谱图及29Si、27Al的NMR结果.根据这些结果,提出了分段焙烧脱胺方法,使有机胺在260～420℃间的两个恒温段充分发生Hofmann降解反应,从而使分解产生的乙烯和水蒸气能够随空气流自然排出焙烧体系,可使焙烧过程中产生的热能得到分阶段逐步地释放,同时可避免高温下沸石骨架水热脱铝的负作用,得到骨架脱铝少、结晶度高的脱胺β沸石.     

完善骨架全硅β沸石性质研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,静置水热法合成全硅β沸石 。用硝酸(13 mol/L)对硅铝比(Si/Al)为20的Na-β沸石回流脱铝。焙烧后的上述两 样品经粉末X射线衍射、低温氮吸附、核磁共振、红外光谱、吸附等温线等表征, 发现合成的全硅β沸石骨架与孔道结构完善并具有很高的表面疏水／亲有机物的吸 附特性。     

完善骨架全硅β沸石性质研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，静置水热法合成全硅β沸石 。用硝酸(13 mol/L)对硅铝比(Si/Al)为20的Na-β沸石回流脱铝。焙烧后的上述两 样品经粉末X射线衍射、低温氮吸附、核磁共振、红外光谱、吸附等温线等表征， 发现合成的全硅β沸石骨架与孔道结构完善并具有很高的表面疏水／亲有机物的吸 附特性。     

二乙胺导向合成SAPO-34及与其它模板剂的对比

以二乙胺 (DEA) 为模板剂, 合成了 SAPO-34 分子筛, 详细考察了磷酸用量、水用量以及硅源和铝源等因素的影响. 结果表明, 在 0.7 ≤ n(P2O5)/n(Al2O3) ≤ 1.2 及 25 ≤ n(H2O)/n(Al2O3) ≤ 100 范围内, 可以得到纯相 SAPO-34 分子筛, 铝源对所得样品的组成影响较大. 同时, 采用三乙胺 (TEA)、吗啉 (MOR) 以及二乙胺-三乙胺 (DEA-TEA) 混合模板剂合成了 SAPO-34, 通过 X 射线衍射、X 射线荧光分析、扫描电镜、热重和 29Si 固体核磁共振等手段对所得样品进行了表征. 结果显示, 不同模板剂促使硅进入 SAPO-34 骨架的能力顺序为 SAPO-34 (DEA) SAPO-34 (MOR) SAPO-34 (TEA); SAPO-34 骨架中所能容纳的最大 Si(4Al) 含量顺序为 SAPO-34 (DEA) ≈ SAPO-34 (MOR) SAPO-34 (TEA).     

四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂合成β沸石 Ⅰ.合成热力学成相区

 系统研究了四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂体系中β沸石的生成相区. 结果发现,与经典体系相比,复合模板剂体系可扩大β沸石的生成相区,投料硅铝比从15~58扩大为10~200, 并使TEABr/SiO2的合成下限从0.29降低为0.10, 可大大减少有机胺的用量.     

四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂合成β沸石Ⅰ. 合成热力学成相区

系统研究了四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂体系中β沸石的生成相区. 结果发现,与经典体系相比,复合模板剂体系可扩大β沸石的生成相区,投料硅铝比从15～58扩大为10～200, 并使TEABr/SiO2的合成下限从0.29降低为0.10, 可大大减少有机胺的用量.     

不同铝源合成的β沸石结构表征与热分解行为的研究

考察了以固体硅胶为硅源、 NaAlO2及α Al2O3· H2O两种铝源、以及不同晶化混合液的 SiO2/Al2O3比（ 15～ 50）对β沸石合成的影响。通过 XRD、 DSC/TGA、 29Si NMR及 ICP研究表明,以 NaAlO2为铝源合成的β沸石更易形成 Si(0Al)、 Si(1Al)、 Si(O－ )配位,且化学 SiO2/Al2O3比与晶化混合液 SiO2/Al2O3比基本一致,以α Al2O3· H2O为铝源合成的β沸石更易形成 Si(0Al)、 Si(O－ )、 Si(2Al)配位,且化学 SiO2/Al2O3比低于晶化混合液的 SiO2/Al2O3比; TGA失重量随β沸石 SiO2/Al2O3比增加而增加, DSC吸热量随β沸石 SiO2/Al2O3增加而减少。     

Beta分子筛晶种法合成及其加氢脱氧性能

采用晶种法制备一系列Beta分子筛,考察了晶化温度和时间等因素对合成Beta分子筛的影响,并采用XRD、XRF、SEM、N₂物理吸附、TG-DSC等手段对产物进行表征,结果显示合成的Beta分子筛具有良好的结晶度、孔道结构、热稳定性和相近的硅铝比;通过对初始凝胶进行老化处理可加快Beta分子筛的晶化速率,产物晶粒尺寸变小、比表面积和孔容变大;在晶种-凝胶体系中加入少量有机模板剂,Beta分子筛的收率和热稳定性均有提升.NH₃-TPD和Pyridine-FTIR分析结果表明不存在有机模板剂的晶种-凝胶体系中合成的Beta分子筛催化剂有更多的总酸量和Brønsted酸的数量,使其在苯甲醚加氢脱氧反应中表现出高活性和环己烷选择性.     

不同硅铝比β沸石的理化性质及烃类催化裂化活性

采用润湿态固相转化方法按照投料硅铝摩尔比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3))分别为30、60、150、300、500和纯硅时合成了β沸石, 化学法和X射线荧光(XRF)测定产物的硅铝比和反应初始凝胶基本一致. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和低温N2吸附对系列样品的物相、水热稳定性、晶体形貌、酸性以及表面积和孔体积做了系统的表征. 并将该系列样品作为活性组分添加剂, 以高岭土为基质分别制备烃类裂化催化剂, 对其催化裂化性能进行了评价. 结果表明, 不同硅铝比β沸石添加到裂化催化剂均可以提高其裂化活性, 改善催化剂的抗积炭性能, 硅铝比为150的β沸石催化剂在保持较高裂化活性的前提下, 汽油收率最高, 抗积炭性能也较好, 是优选的裂化催化材料.     

Substitution clustering in a non-stoichiometric celsian synthesized by the thermal transformation of barium exchanged zeolite X

The thermal transformation of Ba exchanged zeolite X to celsian has been studied by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Evidence for the degradation of the zeolite framework is present in the ²⁹Si NMR spectra after thermal treatment at 850 °C. Confirmation is provided by the ²⁹Si NMR data that synthesis of celsian via the decomposition of Ba exchanged zeolite leads to a single defect phase. Clustering of the isomorphous replacement of aluminium by silicon must occur to explain the observed ²⁹Si chemical shifts. The ²⁷Al NMR data show distorted aluminium co-ordination sites upon the thermal transformation of Ba exchanged zeolite X. The distortions present in the amorphous matrix are greater than those present in the monoclinic and hexagonal crystalline phases of celsian.     

Reactivity of Extra‐framework Species of USY Zeolites in Alkaline Medium

Zeolites of type USY (ultra‐stable Y) were obtained by steaming of NH₄NaY modification. Samples were modified by subsequent alkaline treatment in KOH solution. USY and USY‐KOH were characterised by chemical element analysis, XRD, IR, ²⁹Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopic measurements. Correct silicon to aluminium ratios (Si/Al) were determined by XRD and IR (double ring vibration w_DR) data whereas values calculated according to data of ²⁹Si MAS NMR and IR spectroscopy (asymmetrical TOT valence vibration w_TOT) appeared to be too high., In the latter case, the signals of the zeolite framework were strongly superimposed by that of extra‐framework silica gel (EFSi) formed during steaming. It was found that alkaline leaching induces desilication of silicon‐rich area of the zeolite framework and partial dissolution of EFSi. Silicate ions of both react with likewise dissolved extra‐framework aluminium (EFAl) to form X‐ray amorphous aluminosilicate. Consequently, the superposition of the ²⁹Si MAS NMR signals of the zeolite framework by silica gel was reduced for Q⁴(0Al) but increased for Q⁴ (2Al) and Q⁴(3Al) structure units. A reinsertion of EFAl into the zeolite framework has not been observed.     

双杂原子 Fe-V-β 沸石的合成、表征及催化性能

 采用水热合成法在 SiO2-Fe2O3-V2O5-(TEA)2O-H2O-NH4F 体系中合成了 Fe-V-β 沸石, 并用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、固体漫反射光谱、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜-能量色散谱仪和等离子体发射光谱等技术对沸石样品进行了表征, 探讨了影响 Fe-V-β 沸石合成的因素. 结果表明, 按摩尔比组成SiO2:Fe2O3:V2O5:(TEA)2O:H2O:NH4F = 60:(0.1~0.75):(0.1~0.75):(17~18):(550~ 650):(30~50) 配制初始反应混合物, 可以制备出结晶良好的 Fe-V-β 沸石, 且 Fe 和 V 原子进入到沸石骨架. 所得 Fe-V-β (Si/(Fe+V) = 30) 沸石在 H2O2 氧化苯乙烯反应中表现出最高的催化活性, 苯乙烯转化率为 25.4%, 苯甲醛、苯乙醛和苯乙酮的选择性分别为 69.1%, 22.5% 和 4.1%.     

Studies on Natural CXN Zeolite： Modification, Framework De-alumination and Ion-exchange

A natural CXN zeolite (stilbite, type code-STI) discovered in China was modified with NH4^ exchange by using ammonium salt and calcinations (procedure Ⅰ), or with NH4 exchange followed by treatment with acid (procedure Ⅱ). The coordination state of Si and A1 atoms in the framework, the property of ion exchange, and the adsorption of the H-STI zeolite samples prepared by different modification procedure were investigated with XRD,EDX,^29Si and ^27Al MAS NMR, Ag^ ion exchange and Ne adsorption. The results of the investigations indicate that different procedure of the modification made variety on the distribution of the framework Si atoms and A1 atoms,the content of non-framework aluminum, and the blocking channels and the shielding effect to the positions of the exchangeable cations. The H-STI zeolite prepared by the procedure Ⅱ possesses high ion exchange capacity, open and perfect pore system, and high thermal stability.     

Application of β-Zeolite,Zeolite Y,and Mordenite as Adsorbents to Remove Mercury from Aqueous Solutions

In the present study, adsorption capacity of mercury(II) on β-zeolite, zeolite Y, and mordenite is investigated. It has been observed that removal rate of Hg(II) is better with zeolite Y than β-zeolite and mordenite, whereas, adsorption capacity of β-zeolite is found to be more than that of zeolite Y and mordenite. Five equilibrium isotherms have been tested to fit the adsorption data. The kinetic data are analyzed using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and diffusion models. The Freundlich isotherm model shows better fit for β-zeolite and zeolite Y, whereas, in the case of mordenite, Temkin isotherm fits the data well. The kinetic data of adsorption of Hg(II) on β-zeolite, zeolite Y, and mordenite fit well with pseudo-second order. Diffusion studies show that the adsorption of mercury on β-zeolite and zeolite Y are intraparticle diffusion controlled, and mordenite is film-diffusion controlled.     

Mechanism of hierarchical porosity development in MFI zeolites by desilication: the role of aluminium as a pore-directing agent

The role of the concentration and the nature of aluminium in the creation of hierarchical porosity in both commercial and synthesized MFI zeolites have been investigated through controlled mesoporosity development by desilication in alkaline medium. Framework aluminium controls the process of framework silicon extraction and makes desilication selective towards intracrystalline mesopore formation. An optimal molar Si/Al ratio in the range 25-50 has been identified; this leads to an optimal mesoporosity centred around 10 nm and mesopore surface areas of up to 235 m(2) g(-1) while preserving the intrinsic crystalline and acidic properties. At lower framework Si/Al ratios the relatively high Al content inhibits Si extraction and hardly any mesopores are created, while in highly siliceous ZSM-5 unselective extraction of framework Si induces formation of large pores. The existence of framework Al sites in different T positions that are more or less susceptible to the alkaline treatment, and the occurrence of re-alumination, are tentative explanations for the remarkable behaviour of Al in the desilication process. The presence of substantial extra framework Al, obtained by steam treatment, inhibits Si extraction and related mesopore formation; this is attributed to re-alumination of the extraframework Al species during the alkaline treatment. Removal of extraframework Al species by mild oxalic acid treatment restores susceptibility to desilication, which is accompanied by formation of larger mesopores due to the enhanced Si/Al ratio in the acid-treated zeolite.     

Ω型分子筛脱铝的核磁共振研究

在不同投料比（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝１３．８，１９及２１）条件下，合成了三种Ω型分子筛原粉．对投料比为１３．８的原粉样品进行了四种不同方式的脱铝处理，即水热、ＳｉＣｌ４、ＥＤＴＡ和（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６处理，而形成了系列脱铝Ω型分子筛样品．对原粉及其脱铝样品进行了２９Ｓｉ和２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ测试，确定出样品骨架硅铝比和铝在两种晶体学不等价Ｔ位上的占据比率，以探索四种脱铝方法的效果．实验结果与分析表明：在所有样品中，铝原子的占据具有择优Ｂ位的倾向；且铝在ＴＡ与ＴＢ位上的占据比率与合成条件有关；四种处理方式对Ω型分子筛的脱铝效果不尽相同．     

高酸位多级孔超稳Y型沸石的制备及催化性能

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTABr）为模板剂,在水热体系对水蒸气处理后的超稳Y型（USY）沸石进行晶化处理,获得高酸量和高水热稳定性的USY-c-w样品。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、固态核磁共振、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱及吡啶红外对所制备催化剂的物化性质进行详细表征。选用1,3,5-三异丙苯（TIPB）催化裂化作为探针反应,研究制备的催化剂的催化性能,并与工业USY沸石进行对比。结果表明,再次水热晶化后,样品的硅铝骨架局部重构,非骨架铝重新进入沸石骨架,合成样品的硅铝比（n_SiO2/n_Al2O3）由10降至3.0;再晶化后的USY沸石,不仅具有丰富的介孔结构,并且具有更多的弱酸和中强酸位点。在TIPB裂解反应中,再晶化后的USY沸石表现出比原样品更优异的催化性能。