24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β,19-二醇的合成

从豆甾醇出发,通过10步反应,合成得到具有显著细胞毒活性的24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β,19-二醇(1),总产率为16%.目标产物1的熔点、[α]值和波谱数据与天然产物一致.化合物1的合成是首次报道,它对人体鼻咽癌(CN2)和胃癌(Mgc803)细胞有显著抑制活性.     

5α,11-二羟基-2-氧代桉烷-3-烯的全合成

5α，11-二羟基-2-氧代桉烷-3-(5α-Hydroxy—isopterocarpolone，1)是由贾忠建等于1996年从中药南牡蒿中首次分离得到的一种桉烷型倍半萜类天然产物．桉烷型倍半萜类化合物广泛分布于天然植物中，具有较好的昆虫拒食、抑制细胞繁殖和植物生长调节等多种生理活性．天然产物1的合成研究尚未见报道．     

甾体-17-酮肟的Beckmann裂解反应研究

研究了甾体-17-酮肟(1a～1i)在PCl5/2,6-二甲基吡啶/CH2Cl2体系中的Beckmann裂解反应.反应得到的烯-腈化合物(2a～2i)是18-去甲基甾体的重要中间体,其结构经1HNMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.实验结果表明,1的取代基和构型对反应结果没有明显影响.     

3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚类天然产物生物活性及其衍生物的合成研究进展

3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚类天然产物如Pimprinine,Streptochlorin等,广泛存在于海洋微生物中,因其具有多样的生物活性,在医药和农药领域中很有研究潜力.3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚类天然产物的合成方法有很多研究报道,在吲哚结构上构建噁唑环是合成此类天然产物的关键.总结了已报道的3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚类天然产物的生物活性,并对构建3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚骨架的合成方法及部分主要反应机理进行了综述,探讨了3-(噁唑-5-基)吲哚类骨架作为一种优势活性结构在未来的应用前景.     

对映体纯1-甲基-7-氧杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮的制备

1-甲基 - 7-氧杂双环 [2 .2 .1 ]庚烷 - 2 -酮 ( 1 )是萜类天然产物全合成中的重要中间体 ,能被广泛地应用于多种桉烷 ( Eudesmane)、沉香呋喃 ( Agarofuran)和降胡萝卜素 ( Norcarotenoids)等倍半萜天然产物的全合成[1,2 ] .我们以对映体纯化合物 1为原料 ,实现这类天然产物的不对称全合成 [3～ 6 ] .消旋的化合物 (± ) - 1可以 2 -甲基呋喃和 2 -氯丙烯腈为原料 ,经 3步反应得到 [2 ] .但对映体纯化合物 1的制备尚未见报道 .本文用化学拆分方法 ,成功地制备了对映体纯的 ( + ) - 1和 ( - ) - 1 ,并确定了其绝对构型 .1　结果与讨论为减…     

4-羟基-5，8-二甲氧基-萘-2-甲醛的合成

以2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛为起始原料合成出了软毛柿木中分离到的天然产物4-羟基-5,8-二甲氧基-萘-2-甲醛,原料经过Stobbe缩合,环化,还原,氧化四步生成产物,并对醇选择性氧化成醛的过程进行了详细的研究．整个合成总的产率为32．2％．     

(E)-1,5-二苯基-2-烯-1-戊酮的合成及生物活性研究

(E)-1,5-二苯基-2-戊烯-1-酮(I)是从瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)中分离得到的天然产物,能有效防治重要农业害虫蚜虫.以价廉易得的苯乙酮为起始原料,经过4步反应合成化合物I,所得目标产物结构经过1HNMR,IR和元素分析确证.并探讨了反应温度和溶剂对产物顺反比例的影响.生物活性测试结果表明,化合物I对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)具有较强的杀蚜活性,其LC50为178.96μg/mL.     

2,3,5-三溴-4′-硝基-4,2′-双羟基二苯醚的合成及其抑菌活性研究

天然多溴代羟基二苯醚类化合物是存在于海洋海绵体中的一类抑菌活性物质,国内外学者对此类物质进行了大量的研究工作,发现他们具有良好的抑菌性,能有效抑制多种有害菌[1-4]的生长。但由于天然产物来源受到一定的限制,分离提纯过程复杂,使得应用范围并不大。近年来,科研工作者通     

5-(2’-羧乙基)-6-烷基-3,4-二氢吡喃酮的合成

吡喃酮是许多天然产物的结构单元,我们曾由4-异丁酰基庚二酸在过量醋酸酐及乙酰氯存在下回流得到7-氧代-8,8-二甲基-△~9-六氢香豆素.本文由二氰乙基-β-二酮进行酮解水解反应得到4-酰基庚二酸1_(a-c)。 在过量醋酸酐、乙酰氯存在下由1_a、1_c为底物进行反应没有得到双环的香豆素衍生物.其产物和单纯以乙酐为缩合剂时的产物2_a、2_c相同,产率分别为68％、63％。2_c可在硫酸铁催化     

3β-羟基-4,11-二烯桉烷酸甲酯的不对称全合成

近年来 ,从传统药用植物里分离出了很多桉烷酸类天然产物 ,它们绝大多数具有很好的杀菌、拒食等活性[1 ,2 ] .因此 ,对这一类天然产物的全合成研究成为当前的研究热点课题 .Ｓｃｈｅｍｅ 1　Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ 13β 羟基 4,1 1 二烯桉烷酸 (1 ,结构如Ｓｃｈｅｍｅ 1所示 )是德国化学家Ｂｏｈｌｍａｎｎ等[3] 从一种阿根廷的药用植物Ｓｔｅｖｉａａｃｈａｌｅｎｓｉｓ中分离得到的一个桉烷酸类天然产物 ,它的结构非常具有代表性 ,在反式十氢萘上共有 3个手性中心 ,其不对称全合成尚未见报道 .因此 ,如何高立体选…     

General patterns in the photochemistry of pregna-1,4-dien-3,20-diones

The photochemistry of six pregna-1,4-dien-3,20-diones has been compared and found to involve both the cyclohexadienone moiety in ring A and the isolated ketone at C-20. The two reactions take place proportionally to the fraction of light absorbed by each chromophore. The cross-conjugated ketone absorbs predominantly or exclusively at both 254 and 366 nm and undergoes the "lumi" rearrangement to bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-en-2-one. The quantum yield of the reaction diminished somewhat with increasing lambda(exc), e.g., for prednisolone Phi(254) (nm) = 0.42, Phi(366) (nm) = 0.3. A much stronger lowering is caused by halogen substitution in position 9 (by a factor of 3 for F, >50 for Cl), apparently due to a shortened triplet lifetime caused by heavy atom effect. At 310 nm, both chromophores absorb to a comparable degree and both may react. The reaction at C(20) ketone involves either quite efficient alpha-cleavage (C(17)-C(20)) for compounds bearing an acetal or hydroxyl function at C(17) or less effective (by a factor of ca. 10) hydrogen abstraction from the 18-methyl group in the other cases (finally resulting in Norrish II fragmentation or Yang cyclization). The results allow generalizing how the substitution pattern surrounding each chromophore affects the photoreactivity at that site and the competition between the two modes, allowing predicting the photochemistry of this family of antiinflammatory drugs.     

Noncommunicating photoreaction paths in some pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-diones.

The photochemistry of three pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-diones bearing a hydroxy or alkoxy group at C(17) (4-6) has been examined. Irradiation at 254 or 366 nm, where absorption by the cross-conjugated ketone moiety in ring A is predominant or exclusive, causes the 'lumiketone' rearrangement of this chromophore in low to medium quantum yield (Phi(r) 0.05 to 0.31). On the contrary, irradiation at 310 nm, where the isolated ketone at C(20) absorbs a large portion of light causes Norrish-I fragmentation of that chromophore with a higher Phi(r) (0.11-0.83). This leads to end-products arising from the conversion of the C(17) alkyl radical, in a way depending on the structure and the medium (reduction by hydrogen donating solvent, addition of oxygen when present). No intramolecular T-T energy transfer between the separated chromophores occurs. The 'lumiketone' rearrangement occurs independently from the irradiation wavelength (Phi(r) 0.06-0.18) with the strictly related androsta-1,4-dien-3-one 8 lacking the C(20) ketone function.     

Oxidative fragmentation of pregna-14,16-dien-20-ones to 14 beta-hydroxyandrost-15-en-17-ones

Two methods have been developed for efficient conversion of pregna-14,16-dien-20-ones into 14 beta-hydroxyandrost-15-en-17-ones. One procedure consists of treatment of the ring-D dienone successively with sodium borohydride and singlet oxygen. The reaction is illustrated by the conversion of pregna-14,16-dien-20-one 1 into 14 beta-hydroxyandrost-15-en-17-one 3, via the corresponding allylic alcohol 2. Although this two-step procedure is simple, it provides 3 in relatively low yield, accompanied by a smaller amount of the isomeric 14 alpha-hydroxyandrost-15-en-17-one 6. An alternative one-step conversion is achieved by treatment of dienone 1 with a peroxyacid in the presence of a strong protic acid. This process is illustrated by the two-step conversion of dienone 1 into hydroxy ketone 11 in 51% overall yield (Scheme 5) and by the analogous conversion of dienone 13 into hydroxy ketone 24 in 61% overall yield (Scheme 11).     

11β-羟基-16β-甲基-16α,17α-环丙烷基-孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮的合成

由泼尼松龙(Prednisolone)为原料, 经甲磺酰化、甲基化、脱水、两次1,3-偶极反应以及其后的两次热分解共7步反应, 以23.5%的总收率首次制得了11β-羟基-16β-甲基-16α,17α-环丙烷基-孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮这一重要的潜在药物及化学中间体. 实验同时发现, 1,3-偶极反应及其之后的热分解反应具有高度的立体选择性和区域选择性. 这种立体选择性和区域选择性通过¹H NMR数据加以了证明.     

基于三维荧光光谱的乳制品脂氧化判别方法

为快速、无损判别乳制品脂氧化程度,提出了利用乳制品三维荧光光谱的氧化水平进行判别的方法。该方法用平行因子分析对荧光矩阵进行分解,用载荷向量组确定脂氧化过程中的光敏成分,用不同成分得分向量对样本进行聚类,并建立了不同氧化水平样本的偏最小二乘判别模型。实验采集不同存储环境下氧化程度各异的酸奶样本,找出了核黄素等荧光团在脂氧化过程中的变化规律,选取得分向量建立偏最小二乘判别模型对不同存储阶段氧化程度各异的样本判别分类,其特异度和灵敏度达88.9%以上,验证了该法对评判乳制品脂氧化水平的有效性。     

单分散的还原态和中间氧化态聚苯胺齐聚物的合成与紫外光谱研究

提出了一条合成苯胺齐聚物的新路线:由高氧化态的苯胺四聚体与二苯胺或N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺反应合成苯基封端的苯胺五聚体和六聚体,用红外、质谱、核磁共振、基底辅助激光解吸质谱(MALDI-MS)进行了表征.提出一条可能的机理,即高氧化态的苯胺四聚体与二苯胺或N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺在酸性溶液中混合时,四聚体、二苯胺和N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺的分子中均形成阳离子自由基,四聚体的阳离子自由基与后二者的阳离子自由基耦合形成苯胺五聚体和六聚体.还原态的苯胺齐聚物氧化成中间氧化态的苯胺齐聚物,使用硫酸铵和六水和三氯化铁等氧化剂能打断苯胺五聚体和六聚体的分子链.实验发现,氧化银是将还原态苯胺齐聚物氧化成中间氧化态的齐聚物的最好的氧化剂.用紫外可见光谱对中间氧化态的五聚体和六聚体进行了研究,对其分子中醌环的数目进行了讨论.     

差示扫描量热法测定食用油脂的热氧化稳定性及氧化寿命

利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定了四种食用花生油的热氧化稳定性,用Ozawa法和Kissinger法计算了四种食用花生油热氧化反应的动力学参数,推算了不同温度下的氧化寿命。     

烷基对蒽衍生物在水-乙腈中用硝酸铈铵氧化机理的影响

在水-乙腈混合溶剂中用(NH~4)~2Ce(NO~3)~6氧化烷基蒽. 甲基, 乙基和环丙基蒽经历氧化-水解-氧化-水解-消除-氧化-去质子历程, 得到蒽环氧化产物, 消除烷基(或氢原子)的可能顺序是:H＞CH~3＞C~2H~5. 当蒽环的1,9-位连着1,2-亚乙基桥时, 却经由氧化-去质子-氧化水解-氧化(或消除)历程, 得到侧链氧化产物. 烷基的本质对多核芳烃的氧化机理有显著的影响.     

A study of the oxidation of titanium hydride powder by measurements of its electrical resistance

The oxidation of titanium hydride powder by air oxygen and the influence of oxidation conditions on the degree of oxidation of hydride particles, specific gas content in the powder, and kinetics of its thermal decomposition were studied. The resistometry method was used to determine the effective activation energy of oxidation of titanium hydride by air oxygen. The content of the surface nonconducting phase formed by titanium oxide and oxohydride films under various oxidation conditions was estimated.     

Reversible crosslinking in cellulose. III. Factors controlling the oxidation behavior of mercapto groups in cotton derivatives

The oxidation behavior of mercaptocellulose prepared from tosylated cotton and of cellulose β-mercaptoethylaminocarboxylate (RDTC), which was prepared by reduction of a cotton derivative made by the reaction with bis-β-isocyanatoethyl disulfide, was studied, and the factors controlling the oxidation behaviors of solid polymeric mercaptans were discussed. RDTC was converted quantitatively to the corresponding disulfide by oxidation under mild conditions. Repeated oxidation–reduction cycles were applied to RDTC to demonstrate complete reversibility of disulfide crosslinking. On the other hand, only a portion of the mercaptan in mercaptocellulose could form disulfide by oxidation. It is considered that the mobility of the mercapto groups necessary for the oxidation coupling is restricted because they are attached directly to rigid cellulose chains. The oxidation of RDTC with air in alkaline medium was studied kinetically. It was found that the oxidation of the mercaptan in paired placement in the cellulose matrix proceeded more than ten times faster than that of the randomly placed mercaptan.