磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境水样中的四环素类抗生素

建立了磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定环境水样中四环素类抗生素的方法。以6种四环素类抗生素(差向四环素、土霉素、四环素、去甲金霉素、金霉素和脱水四环素)为目标化合物,考察并优化了吸附和解吸条件,确定了最佳萃取条件。萃取后的目标化合物经ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱分离,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测。在优化的条件下,6种四环素在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9967~0.9993,检出限为2.44~25.21 ng/L,样品加标回收率为80.6%~90.0%,日内相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.6%~2.5%,日间RSDs为1.1%~7.1%。该方法灵敏度高、背景干扰低,适用于环境水样中6种痕量四环素类抗生素的同时检测。     

限进材料固相萃取-高效液相色谱在线联用检测牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留

建立了一种限进材料固相萃取-高效液相色谱在线联用检测牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留的分析方法.利用原子转移自由基聚合法制备的限进型聚(苯乙烯-co-二乙烯苯)键合硅胶作为同时富集四环素类小分子和排阻蛋白大分子的固相萃取材料.经过限进萃取柱的净化和富集后,牛奶样品中的四环素类抗生素(土霉素、四环素和金霉素)被反冲进反相C18分析柱进行色谱分离和测定.牛血清蛋白在限进萃取柱上的洗脱率为96.0％,说明制备的限进材料具有很好的排阻大分子蛋白的效果.3种四环素类抗生素在牛奶样品中的加标回收率为88.3％～101.5％,RSD＜8.0％;方法检出限为50 ～ 80 μg/L,线性范围为0.05～ 2.0 μg/mL.结果表明,本方法简单高效,准确度好,检出限达到了规定要求,可以作为检测牛奶样品中四环素类抗生素残留的方法.     

猪肉中四环素类抗生素残留的固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光测定法

采用固相萃取技术富集、分离猪肉中四环素、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素4种四环素类抗生素,采用反相高效液相色谱荧光法测定.对固相萃取柱、流动相、检测器等条件进行了优化选择,4种物质的检出限为0.03～ 0.05μg/mL在0.02～0.20 mg/kg添加水平,4种抗生素的加标回收率为60%～91%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.1%～5.1%.     

肌肉组织中四环素类抗生素的固相萃取-液相色谱法测定

建立了四环素类抗生素的高灵敏度测定方法，通过对实验条件的优化，采用固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法同时测定肌肉组织中的土霉素(oxytetracycline)、四环素(tetracycline)、金霉素(chlortetracycline)3种四环素类抗生素残留量；土霉素、四环素、金霉素的检出限分别为20、40、100μg／kg；方法相对标准偏差为5．1％-7．1％(n＝5)，平均回收率为80％—82％。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中九种禁用四环素类抗生素的方法研究

建立了用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中9种禁用四环素类抗生素. 采用甲醇超声提取, Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)分离测定. 9种被测物在12 min内均得到良好的分离. 在1～100 μg/mL范围内均与其各自对应的峰面积呈良好线性关系(r≥0.9991), 回收率在85.5%～105.7%之间, 精密度RSD＜3.2%, 该方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.05～0.5 μg/mL. 该法可用于祛痘类化妆品中9种禁用四环素类抗生素的检测.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中四环素类抗生素及盐酸克伦特罗药物残留量

建立了水产品中四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗药物残留量同时测定的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品选择NH4Ac缓冲液提取,用正己烷脱脂,PCX固相萃取柱净化,采用HPLC-MS/MS选择反应监测正离子模式测定进行定性、定量分析。四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗药物的检出限为0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg,RSD为1.9%~12%(n=6),加标回收率达到64.3%~100.6%。该方法在水产品中四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗的残留测定中具有很好的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱化学发光法检测牛奶中残留四环素类化合物的研究

基于四环素类抗生素药物中的四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)和多西环素(DC)能够强烈增敏通过恒电流电解方法在线电生BrO^－和鲁米诺之间产生的化学发光, 提出了一种高效液相色谱(HPLC)化学发光(CL)法检测4种四环素类抗生素药物的新方法. 以Nucleosil RP-C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm, pore size, 100 Å)为色谱柱, 0.05 mol• L^－1磷酸二氢钾(pH 2.5)-乙腈(30∶70, V∶V)为流动相, 流速1.2 mL/min, 柱温25 ℃, 同时分离检测四种抗生素的总时间为11 min. 研究并优化了流动相、电生试剂化学发光检测的条件. 四种抗生素的检出限为0.002～0.008 μg•mL^－1 (3σ), 对0.01 μg•mL^－1的四种抗生素测定的相对标准偏差为2.0%～3.6% (n＝11). 该方法已成功应用于牛奶中残留四环素类抗生素含量的分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定水产品中四环素类抗生素残留

建立了一种高效液相色谱法测定水产品中土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、金霉素、脱氧土霉素的分析方法。样品用5.0%高氯酸溶液提取,上清液用OasisHLB固相萃取柱净化,用紫外检测器于355nm测定。土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素检测限为0.01mg/kg,金霉素、脱氧土霉素检出限为0.02mg/kg。5种药物的回收率在74.8%~89.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.95%~9.95%。方法适用于水产品中四环素类抗生素残留的检测。     

蜂蜜中残留抗生素的填充毛细管液相色谱法检测

采用新型毛细管高效液相色谱法和自行填充的毛细管色谱柱,以四环素、土霉素和金霉素为标准物,对蜂蜜中残留的四环素类抗生素进行了定量分析。方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、定量准确的优点。在10μg/L至0.4mg/L的质量浓度范围内,土霉素、四环素和金霉素的线性相关系数分别为rOTC=0.99695,rTC=0.99778和rCTC=0.98836。毛细管高效液相色谱法可用于抗生素类物质的高灵敏度测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素残留量

建立了用于检测牛奶和奶粉中拉沙洛菌素、莫能菌素、尼日利亚菌素、盐霉素、甲基盐霉素和马杜霉素铵6种聚醚类抗生素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.用乙腈提取样品中的聚醚类抗生素,提取液经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用超高效液相色谱分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式进行质谱分析.6种抗生素在0.5～100.0 μg/L范围内均呈线性,相关系数r>0.99.在空白样品中添加6种聚醚类抗生素的回收率均在74.0%～98.5%之间; 精密度(RSD)4.8%～17.2%.牛奶中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为0.2 μg/L;奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为1.6 μg/kg.     

饲料中四环素类药物含量的高效液相色谱测定

建立了高效液相色谱法测定饲料中四环素类药物含量的方法。样品经甲醇-盐酸溶液提取,WatersOasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,进行HPLC分析。标准校正曲线线性范围为0.05~2.0 mg/L,相关系数r>0.999。饲料中土霉素、四环素、金霉素和强力霉素的定量下限(LOQ)依次是2.0、2.0、4.0和4.0 mg/kg;不同添加水平样品加标回收率为78%~103%,RSD小于11%。     

离子液体-分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法用于猪肾脏中3种四环素类抗生素的检测

建立了分散液液微萃取(DLLME)技术进行样品前处理,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定猪肾脏中土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)、金霉素(CTC)3种四环素类抗生素(TCs)残留量的方法。考察了分散剂种类、离子液体用量、分散剂用量、样品溶液p H值、萃取时间、盐效应等因素对萃取效率的影响。优化后的实验条件为:以丙酮为分散剂,离子液体([BMIM]PF6)用量为50μL,分散剂用量为140μL,样品溶液p H值为3.0,萃取时间为15 min,不添加盐。该方法在0.1~10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.999 5),土霉素、四环素和金霉素的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~3.1%,检出限(LOD)为54~93μg/L,富集倍数为7.0~27.8,且样品的加标回收率达99.5%~101.1%。该法准确度和精密度均满足分析方法的要求,实现了对猪肾脏中土霉素、四环素、金霉素3种四环素类抗生素残留量的快速、绿色、灵敏和准确检测。     

规模化养殖场废水中抗生素种类及残留特征研究

2010年调查了海南省6家规模化养猪场抗生素使用品种及来源,并采集养殖废水样品,用高效液相色谱紫外检测器检测了样品中4种四环素(四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素)和8种磺胺类药物(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噻唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉)的残留浓度水平。结果显示,6家养殖场废水中土霉素、四环素和磺胺嘧啶的检出率及检出浓度较高,其中土霉素检出率为100%,最高浓度为71.75μg/L;四环素检出率为63%,最高检出浓度为24.83μg/L;磺胺嘧啶检出率为83%,最高检出浓度为17.69μg/L。4种四环素类检出总量变化范围为18.25～99.64μg/L,8种磺胺类检出总量变化范围为3.45～24.49μg/L;从养殖规模上看,小规模养殖场抗生素类检出品种较多,检出浓度也较高。     

固相萃取-亲水作用色谱法测定废水中四环素类抗生素

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-亲水作用色谱法(HILIC)测定废水中金霉素(CTC)、强力霉素(DC)、四环素(TC)和土霉素(OTC) 4种四环素类抗生素(TCs)残留的新方法.水样经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化富集后, 采用以氨基色谱柱及高极性有机溶剂-水相缓冲溶液为流动相的亲水作用色谱法(HILIC)进行分析. 对流动相中缓冲溶液的类型和pH值、离子强度、 有机溶剂的浓度以及流速进行了优化, 确定了以V(乙腈)∶V(6.7 mmol/L柠檬酸铵缓冲溶液, pH 4.0)=85∶ 15混合液为流动相的最佳条件.本方法具有良好的线性关系(r> 0.999)和重现性(峰面积RSD<1.0%), 最低检出限(S/N=3)为12～30 μg/L, 4种四环素类药物添加水平在0.5～10 μg/L范围内的标准加入回收率为 90.6%～106.5%; 相对标准偏差为 2.5%～6.2%.本方法简便、准确、流动相离子强度低,适合于与质谱联用,用于屠宰场污水及医院污水等实际样品检测,结果满意.     

Simultaneous extraction and analysis of 11 tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics in influent and effluent domestic wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in which antibiotic compounds are not totally eliminated are considered to be point sources of antibiotic contamination in surface and ground waters. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive and reliable analytical methods for measuring these compounds in WWTP water matrices. This paper describes a simultaneous method for the determination of six tetracyclines (TCs) (oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), demeclocycline (DMC), chlortetracycline (CTC), doxycycline (DXC), meclocycline (MCC)) and five sulfonamides (SAs) (sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM)) using solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The average recovery of 11 antibiotics for simultaneous extraction was 83.3+/-12.6 and 89.8+/-11.5% for six TCs, and 95.2+/-11.4 and 97.7+/-10.6% for five SAs in the influent and effluent water, respectively. Matrix effects were found to be significant when measuring TCs but not SAs. The accuracy and day-to-day variation of the method fell within an acceptable range of 15% absolute. Method detection limits in wastewater matrices were between 0.03 and 0.07 microg/L. For the investigated 11 antibiotic compounds TC, DMC, CTC, DXC, SMT, SMX and SDM were found in the influents with a concentration range of 0.05-1.09 microg/L. CTC, DXC and SMX were also detected in the effluents with a concentration range of 0.06-0.21 microg/L. These results were compared with those in WWTP effluents of Canada, Germany and Switzerland.     

Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic/ tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and doxycycline in animal feeds

A selective and accurate LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and doxycycline (DC) in animal feeds was developed. Samples were extracted with Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer and further purified with Oasis HLB SPE columns. The purified extract was separated on an Xbridge C18 column and detected by LC/MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. This method provided average recoveries of 80.9 to 119.5%, with CVs of 1.7 to 9.8% in the range of 0.5 to 50 mg/kg CTC, OTC, TC, and DC in feeds, except the average recovery of CTC was 76.0%, with a CV of 14.6% in pig feed spiked with 0.5 mg/kg CTC. The linear ranges for the four TCs determined by LC/MS/MS ranged from 0.005 to 2.5 microg/mL with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) >0.99. The LOD and LOQ for CTC, OTC, TC, and DC in pig and poultry feeds ranged from 0.003 to 0.02 and 0.01 to 0.05 microg/g, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of 30 real feed samples, and no illegal use was detected.     

Survey of residual tetracycline antibiotics and sulfa drugs in kidneys of diseased animals in the Aichi Prefecture,Japan (1995-1999)

Animal kidneys were collected in order to survey the incidence of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics and sulfa (SA) drug residues in slaughtered animals that did not pass inspection for human consumption by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law and the Meat Inspection Law at the slaughterhouses in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, from April 1995 to March 2000. The kidneys were analyzed by AOAC Official Method 995.09 for TCs and our previously reported liquid chromatographic method for SAs. Among 292 animals (94 cattle and 198 pigs), 106 (36.6%) and 41 (14.0%) contained TCs and SAs, respectively, including chlortetracycline, 59 (20.2%); oxytetracycline, 47 (16.1%); sulfamonomethoxine, 35 (12.0%); sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole, each 2 (0.7%); and sulfamerazine and sulfisoxazole, each 1 (0.3%). A small number of animals (5 cattle and 9 pigs) contained more than one drug residue. The frequency of residue detections was significantly higher for TCs than SAs in both cattle and pig kidneys (p < 0.001).     

Preparation and evaluation of solid-phase microextraction fiber based on molecularly imprinted polymers for trace analysis of tetracyclines in complicated samples

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is widely used in many fields because of its characteristics of high selectivity, chemical stability and easy preparation. To enhance the selectivity and applicability of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), a novel MIP-coated SPME fiber was firstly prepared by multiple co-polymerization method with tetracycline as template. It could be coupled directly to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used for trace analysis of tetracyclines (TCs) in complicated samples. The characteristics and application of the fibers were investigated. The electron microscope provided a crosslinked and porous surface, and the average thickness of the MIP coating was 19.5 microm. Compared with the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) coated fibers, the special selectivity to tetracycline and structure-similar oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chlortetracycline were discovered with the MIP-coated fibers. The adsorption and desorption of TCs with the MIP-coated fiber could be achieved quickly. A method for the fluorimetric determination of four TCs by the MIP-coated SPME coupled with HPLC was developed. The optimized extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, desorption solvent, and stirring speed were studied. Linear ranges for the four TCs were 5.00-200 microg/L and detection limits were within the range of 1.0-2.3 microg/L. The method was applied to simultaneous multi-residue analysis of four TCs in the spiked chicken feed, chicken muscle, and milk samples with the satisfactory recoveries.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肌肉组织中的四环素类药物残留

建立了一种专属、灵敏的方法,用于同时检测鸡肌肉组织中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留。首先对鸡肌肉组织中的四环素类药物进行提取,再经C18固相萃取柱净化,采用电喷雾离子源,以正离子检测方式进行质谱分析。实验结果表明,在25～500 μg/L这一质量浓度范围内上述3种四环素类药物均呈线性,其相关系数r＞0.99。在低、中、高3个质量浓度添加水平,3种四环素类药物的平均回收率为72.4%～94.9%,相对标准偏差小于11%。3种四环素类药物的检测限均可达到10 μg/kg。其方法学考察符合农牧发［2003］1号文件的有关规定。     

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography separation mechanisms of tetracyclines on amino-bonded silica column

Effects of mobile-phase variations on the chromatographic separation on amino-bonded silica column in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were investigated for four zwitterionic tetracyclines (TCs): oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline. A mixed-mode retention mechanism composed of partitioning, adsorption, and ion exchange interactions was proposed for the amino HILIC retention process. Buffer type and pH significantly influenced the retention of TCs, but showed similar separation selectivity for the tested analytes. Experiments varying buffer salt concentration and pH demonstrated the presence of ion exchange interactions in TCs retention. The type and concentration of organic modifier also affected the retention and selectivity of the analytes, providing direct evidence supporting the Alpert retention model for HILIC. The retention time of the analytes increased in the following order of organic modifiers: tetrahydrofuran < methanol < isopropanol < acetonitrile. The linear relationships of logk' versus %water (v/v) curve and logk' versus logarithm of %water (v/v) in the mobile phase indicated that TCs separation on the amino phase was controlled by partitioning and adsorption. The developed method was successfully utilized in the detection of TCs in both river water and wastewater samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample cleanup.