液相色谱-同位素比值质谱法研究桔橙汁中柠檬酸碳同位素比值

以国际原子能机构提供的蔗糖(δ13C为-10.449‰)作为溯源标准,建立了液相色谱-同位素比值质谱联用法(LC-IR MS)分析天然柑桔、橙汁中柠檬酸碳同位素比的方法,对不同产地个柑桔、橙子中有机酸碳同位素情况进行了研究。基于建立天然水果的柠檬酸碳同位素δ13C值的数据,提出了柑桔、橙子样品的δ13C值范围。方法将果汁用水稀释后,液相色谱-钙离子交换色谱在线制备柠檬酸,氢型离子交换柱分离柠檬酸后采用液相色谱-稳定同位素比质谱分析,柠檬酸方法检出限为5μg/m L,在2.00~100μg/m L水平时,柠檬酸响应与浓度成线性关系,相关系数为0.9997。方法日内、日间和人员比对结果相对标准偏差小于0.82%。收集不同产地161个橙子、167个柑桔测得天然桔汁中柠檬酸δ13C值在-32.87‰~-27.07‰之间,橙汁柠檬酸δ13C值在-32.73‰~26.01‰之间。采集40个市售柑桔、橙汁样品进行鉴定,检出17个掺有C4植物柠檬酸的的阳性样品,新方法可提高勾兑柠檬酸掺假果汁的鉴别能力。     

基于稳定碳同位素技术的痕量动物油和植物油的区分检验研究

本文以鸡油和猪油为例,旨在运用稳定碳同位素技术建立区分痕量动物油与植物油的区分检验方法。先在实验室内制备猪油和鸡油样品,然后运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-同位素比值质谱仪(GC-IRMS)和元素分析-同位素比值质谱仪(EA-IRMS)对猪油和鸡油的脂肪酸组成与其全油和脂肪酸的稳定碳同位素比值进行了研究。结果显示:鸡油的δ13C值处于-21.58‰至-18.30‰(脂肪酸:-21.58‰~-18.30‰;全油:-19.82‰~-19.30‰)的区间;猪油的δ13C值处于-22.16‰至-16.15‰(脂肪酸:-22.16‰~-16.15‰;全油:-18.70‰~-16.83‰)的区间;鸡油和猪油的δ13C值与大多数植物油的δ13C值存在显著差异。因此,基于动物油与植物油在δ13C值方面存在的显著差异性,建立区分痕量动物油和植物油的高灵敏的检验方法。     

气相色谱同位素比质谱测定不同产地鱼油中5种不饱和脂肪酸碳同位素比值

以IAEA-600咖啡因(δ13C-27.771‰)作为溯源标准,建立了气相色谱同位素质谱技术测定鱼油中功能因子亚油酸(LIA)、亚麻酸(LNA)、花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等5种不饱和脂肪酸碳稳定同位素比值δ13C的分析方法。鱼样品先经HCl水解,乙醚液液萃取脂肪,提取的脂肪在2 mol/L KOH-甲醇溶液中反应生成脂肪酸甲酯,采用强极性毛细管气相色谱柱(Sil-88 100 m×0.25 mm×0.2μm)分离,稳定同位素比质谱测定。方法经日内、日间和人员比对验证,表明测定结果稳定,标准偏差小于0.82%。收集了不同产地的241个淡水鱼和深海鱼,对于提取的天然鱼油进行5种不饱和脂肪酸同位素比值分析,测得天然鱼油中5种不饱和脂肪酸同位素比值(δ13C)在-32.87‰~27.07‰之间,经计算,鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸δ13C值与硬脂酸δ13C值之比在-5.79~1.88之间,同时测得了相同的产地、品种鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸δ13C的分布范围,构建了天然鱼油的同位素指纹特征数据库,用于鉴定鱼油真伪。将不同浓度玉米油添加至天然金枪鱼油中进行测定,证明δ13C值的变化与掺入C4植物油量呈良好的线性关系,方法可根据δ13C值的变化鉴别掺假的鱼油。     

液相色谱/元素分析-同位素比值质谱联用法鉴定蜂蜜掺假

采用液相色谱/元素分析-同位素比值质谱联用法(LC/EA-IRMS)对国内蜂蜜掺假情况进行了研究。基于测定得到的38个纯正蜂蜜样品的碳同位素δ13C值数据,提出了纯正蜂蜜样品的δ13C值要求: 蛋白质和蜂蜜的δ13C差值(Δδ13CP-H)≥~0.95‰,果糖和葡萄糖的δ13C差值(Δδ13CF-G)在~0.64‰至0.53‰范围内,各个组分间的δ13C最大差值(Δδ13Cmax)＜2.09‰。对150个日常检测样品、蜂农和蜂蜜供应商的蜂蜜样品分别采用本文建立的LC/EA-IRMS和国家标准方法(EA-IRMS)进行鉴定,LC/EA-IRMS方法检出58个掺有C3或C4植物糖浆的阳性样品,而EA-IRMS方法仅检出7个掺有C4植物糖浆的阳性样品,可见新方法大大提高了对蜂蜜掺假的鉴别能力。     

液相色谱-同位素比质谱法同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇的δ13C值

采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱(LC-IRMS)技术建立了同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇δ13C值的分析方法。优化了葡萄酒中影响甘油和乙醇色谱分离的条件。方法的精密度和准确度分别为0.15‰~0.26‰和0.11‰~0.28‰。对40个葡萄酒样品进行了测定,甘油和乙醇的δ13 C值分别为-26.87‰~-32.96‰、-24.06‰~-28.29‰,两者具有较强的相关性(R=0.82)。该方法不需要复杂的样品预处理,在相同条件下同时测定甘油和乙醇的δ13C值,较传统方法简单、快速。     

元素分析-同位素比质谱法测定葡萄酒中乙醇δ 13C值

比较了旋转蒸发仪、全玻璃蒸馏装置和全自动蒸馏控制系统3种蒸馏方法,对葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值的影响,确定了元素分析-同位素比质谱仪(Elementary analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometer)最佳测定条件,建立了元素分析-同位素比质谱法测定乙醇δ13C值方法。在重复性和再现性条件下,对乙醇标准及葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值进行测定,标准偏差低于0.25‰。检测食品同位素分析技术-能力测试计划(FIT-PTS)两个葡萄酒样品乙醇δ13C值,与给定值相差0.2‰。采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱法(Liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry)与本方法分别对16个国家和地区40个葡萄酒样品的乙醇δ13C值测定,其结果为!23.90‰~28.29‰,且两种检测方法的检测结果差值︳Δδ(EA-LC)max︳<0.3‰,具有较强的相关性(R2=0.9749)。本方法无同位素分馏,适用于葡萄酒中乙醇δ13C值测定。     

中国生物气中烷烃组分的碳同位素特征及其鉴别标志

我国生物气中烷烃气的碳同位素组成特征是:随生物气中烷烃气分子的碳原子数的增加,δ~(13)C值分布区间,主频率段分布范围均随之缩小,δ~(13)C最轻的和最重的界限值也随之变重;生物气中乙烷的碳同位素和丙烷的碳同位素之间呈线性正相关关系;δ~(13)C_1,δ~(13)C_2和δ~(13)C_3值随重烃气(C_(2+3))含量的增加有变重趋势。文中首次研究了我国生物气的δ~(13)C_1-C_(2+3)(％),δ~(13)C_2-C_(2+3)(％)和δ~(13)C_2-δ~(13)C_3的关系及其相关性回归方程,并指出,δ~(13)C_1<—55‰和C_(2+3)<0.5％是鉴别我国生物气的良好指标,δ~(13)C_2-δ~(13)C_3<-10‰可作为鉴别生物气的一项新指标。     

热脱附-单体稳定同位素技术测定挥发性有机物

采用热脱附与稳定同位素质谱联用技术分析了城市不同源及大气环境中挥发性有机物排放的单体同位素特征。系统考察了样品进样量、进样方式和样品分离度对同位素分馏影响情况。使用填有Tenax TA的吸附管采集汽油车尾气、汽油挥发、柴油车尾气、柴油挥发、溶剂挥发和餐饮油烟等污染源,以及城市不同功能区的挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品,不同污染源中挥发性有机物的稳定碳同位素δ13C值不同,97#汽油车尾气的δ13 C值偏重,平均值为-25.84‰,富集13 C;餐饮油烟的δ13 C值偏轻,平均值为-30.26‰。油品挥发比燃烧后以尾气的形式排放的苯系物δ13 C值重。厦门市各功能区挥发性有机物的δ13 C平均范围在-27.03‰~-25.40‰,接近于汽油和柴油挥发及尾气中的δ13 C值,表明厦门市空气中挥发性有机物以机动车排放源为主。     

中国化石燃料的同位素地球化学

本文总结了作者近20年对中国化石燃料同位素研究结果。对煤而言,δ~(13)C分布的主频度在—25.5‰到—23.5‰。热演化影响可以忽略,但煤岩组份对δ~(13)C值有明显影响,壳质组含量增加,全煤δ~(13)C值相应变轻。煤系热模拟产物δ~(13)C所显示的规律有:气态烃在液态烃产出的峰值处有最轻的δ~(13)C值。液态烃与全煤具有相似δ~(13)C值,族组份中烷烃部分随温度增高δ~(13)C有变重的趋势。通过天然气的δ~(13)C和δD研究,将中国天然气划分出生物-热催化过渡带气这一类型。甲烷δD随水介质盐度增大而相应变重。轻烃同位素研究把气-液-源岩的关系更好的联系起来,它们的δ~(13)C系列对比有利于确定源岩。陆相石油δ~(13)C值,在有机质为Ⅰ型,介质为淡水时δ~(13)C较轻;Ⅲ型,盐水沉积环境的石油相对富集~(13)C。液、固相化石燃料的碳同位素组成主要受母质同位素继承效应的影响,其它因素影响较小。     

稳定同位素法测定大豆水溶性蛋白质中碳、氮、氧、氢稳定同位素比值及其在产地溯源鉴定中的应用

利用元素分析-同位素比质谱仪(EA-IRMS)测定了来自美国、巴西、阿根廷和加拿大产的60份大豆样品中水溶性蛋白质的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N、δ^(18)O和δ^(2)H值,采用OPLS-DA统计分析方法构建大豆产地溯源模型。大豆水溶性蛋白质δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N、δ^(18)O和δ^(2)H值分别为-24.675‰~-29.490‰,-1.595‰~2.537‰,15.749‰~25.127‰,-33.504‰~-118.697‰。比较PCA和OPLS-DA两种统计分析方法显示,OPLS-DA统计分析方法建立的大豆产地溯源鉴别模型识别准确率更高,δ^(15)N、δ^(2)H、δ^(18)O和δ^(13)C在溯源模型中对产地识别的贡献度VIP值分别为1.069,1.045,1.035,0.834。大豆水溶性蛋白质δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N、δ^(18)O和δ^(2)H产地溯源OPLS-DA模型可鉴别美国、加拿大、巴西和阿根廷四个国家生产的大豆样品,在此基础上构建美国与其他3个国家的两两产地识别模型,可准确鉴别美国产大豆,识别准确率为100%。该研究方法和所构建的模型可应用于美国、巴西、阿根廷和加拿大产大豆的产地溯源。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.