A New Model for the Genesis of Natural Gases--Multi-source Overlap, Multi-stage Continuity, Type Controlled by Main Source and Nomenclature by Main Stage (Ⅰ)--Multi-source Overlap and Type Controlled by Main Source

Based on the geochemical studies of natural gases in the past ten years in China, the authors have proposed a new model for their genesis--multi-source overlap, multi-stage continuity, main source-controlling type and nomenclature by the main stage.Multi-source refers to a diversity of material sources involved in the formation of natural gases, including abiogenic and biogenic material sources. In regard to biogenic sources, either oil-generating or coal-generating organic matter would produce gaseous hydrocarbon reservoirs of commercial importance. Generally, natural gases originating from these sources can overlap to form gas reservoirs. Under specific circumstances mantle-source abiogenic gases could overlap biogenic gases to form gas reservoirs. In nature, natural gases predominated by gaseous hydrocarbons may be formed from a single end-member source. However, multi-source overlap is more typical of the genesis of natural gases.     

利用大型闪烁描迹仪的多计数器系统

为了研究高能K⁺,π⁺介子和质子的弹性及非弹性相互作用,记录在相互作用中所产生次级粒子的数目和飞行方向,我们设计制造了一套直径达1米、具有约100道空间分辨能力的大型闪烁描迹仪和与之相联系的多道电子学分析记录设备。这套多计数器系统制成后,在100亿电子伏同步稳相加速器的高能介子束上,进行了调整和检验。结果肯定:描迹仪各点上有相对论速度带电粒子通过时,记录效率均约达100％;20道快慢型符合线路中,快符合线路分辨时间约5毫微秒,记录效率100％,慢符合线路分辨时间为25—30毫微秒时,经改进后记录效率约达100％。利用这套设备进行了高能π⁺介子与质子弹性散射角分布的测量工作。本文给出在这套设备的设计、调整和检验过程中得到的结果和经验。     

NATURAL GAS OF NEW GENETIC TYPE——BIO-, THERMO-CATALYTIC TRANSITIONAL ZONE GAS

Bio-, thermo-catalytic transitional zone gas (BTCTZ gas), of which burial depth is shallow (1000-2500m), chemical composition (C,/ΣC1-5 = 0.7-0.9) and isotopic composition (δ13C1= -55 to-48‰) coincide with the evolution level of organic matter (R0=0.25-0.6%) in the corresponding strata, is a natural gas of new genetic type. The genesis of BTCTZ gas must have some relation to microcatalysis under lower temperature and condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In line with the new theory of natural gas formation, the existence of BTCTZ gas is objective. According to data from all over the world, BTCTZ gas may hold an important position in the table of reserves of natural gas.     

在γ-γ符合测量中康普顿散射所引起的符合

本文介绍一个具有0.15微秒分辨时间,测量由盖革计数管产生的脉冲的二重符合线路。并阐述在应用这符合线路观测Zn⁶⁵ β⁺射线的湮滅符合时,观察到γ射线的康普顿散射所引起的符合。     

我国东部天然气中非烃及稀有气体的地球化学

从苏北、南松辽、广东三水等含油气盆地采集了15个气样,测定了氦、氩、氮同位素和CO_2的碳同位素以及甲烷碳、氢同位素。结合气体组份资料和采集区地质背景,着重讨论了非烃气体的成因和稀有气体的地球化学特征,并应用了四川、新疆、甘肃窑街煤矿等资料进行了对比。研究表明:烃类气体和非烃类气体虽储于同一储层,但在成因上常有不同。从南松辽万金塔到苏北黄桥、广东三水这三个处于华夏裂谷系地区的二氧化碳气藏及其中的氦与幔源有关,CO_2部分也可能与幔源岩浆活动有关;壳源氦与壳源氩相似,具有年代积累效应。     

沉积岩成烃热模拟实验产物的同位素特征及应用

对25个太熟或低熟沉积岩样的成烃热模拟实验产物(烃气、二氧化碳、油、残样)进行了碳、氢、氧同位素测定。其中,着重研究了甲烷碳同位素的热演化分馏作用。根据各类样品的δ~(13)C-R_o民回归方程进行了天然气来源判别及混合气中母气比例的计算。     

天然气中氦同位素的质谱分析

本文着重介绍使用自制的装置净化天然气,净化后氦氖的组分占99%。以空气氦为标准样,采用同位素峰高比测定天然气中~2He/~4He值。当VG5400质谱计内的氦量大于4×10~(-7)cm~3·STP·He时,其灵敏度稳定,约10~(-4)A/cm~3·STP·He,17天内的~3He/~4He值精确度为1.32%。此外,简要讨论了同位素质谱峰高比测定法的条件和~(20)Ne/~4He值对~3He/~4He测量结果的影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF GASIFORM HYDROCARBON AND IDENTIFICATION OF COAL-TYPE GAS

The natural gas which forms in the course of the formation of coal in the coal-series stra-ta is called the coal-type gas. It is an important genetic type of combustible gas. This papertakes the isotope composition of carbon and hydrogen as a key factor to make an approachto the identification of the coal-type gas and the oil-type gas. According to the isotope com-position of methane carbon and hydrogen, we have divided the natural gases in differentplaces into biogas, coal gas, oil-type gas and coal-type gas. There is a mixed gas area bet-ween the coal-type gas and the oil-type gas. The conditions for the formation of the areaare comparatively complex. The overmature oil-type gas overlies the coal-type gas in distri-bution. According to our studies on oil-gas areas in the Sichuan basin and Eerdos basin,we come to know that the coal-type gas in these basins has an isotope composition of highercarbon. Its mathematic expression of δ~(13)C_1-R_0 is δ~(13)C_1‰ = 8.641 lgR_0-32. 8, representing a mod-el o     

A STUDY ON GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDENSATE

This paper makes an approach to the characteristics of the compound and carbon iso-topic composition of condensate in the Sichuan, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Dongpu and Jiyangbasins in China. The results we have obtained show that the compound properties are re-lated to the maturity. The Paraffin Index Ⅰ and the Saturated-Aromatic Index (SAI) increasegradually from the immature to mature (or over mature) condensate. and the SAI valueincrease from 2 to more than 30. The carbonisotopic composition of condensate is control-led by the type of parent matter. If the oil and condensate come from the same source rock,they will have similar carbon isotopic composition. In the same region there is an obviousdifference in carbon isotopic composition between the condensate generated from coal-bear-ing strata and that from oil-source rocks. The difference can be regarded as a parameter fordistinguishing the coal-type gas from the oil-type gas. In the same basin the carbon isotop-ic composition of the natural gas-oil-co