培养学生化学实验技能的教学策略

学生化学实验技能的培养涵盖:训练学生的实验基本操作技能、引导学生设计实验方案、学会描述实验并得出结论、评估和分析非预期实验结果以及对实验进行迁移拓展等.化学实验的内容和功能不同,培养学生实验技能的教学策略也不同.     

高中生选修《实验化学》前后实验动机的调查分析

调查显示,高中生选修《实验化学》以后,学生的实验动机与教师的预期相左,即并未显著增强,而是出现“两头增多,中间减少”的两极分化态势---化学实验动机强的学生百分数增多,化学实验动机弱的学生百分数也增多,化学实验动机中等的学生百分数减少。运用心理学原理分析了该非预期的调查结论,并得出提高化学实验教学有效性的几点启示。     

谈有机化学实验中的开放实验模式

化学是一门以实验为手段 ,以应用性、创造性为特征的学科 ,因此化学实验是大学化学教学中极其重要的一部分 ,也是培养学生创新意识、创新能力的重要途径。但是原有的实验教学模式存在许多缺点与不足 ,培养的学生越来越不适应社会的要求 ,突出表现在以下几方面 :　　 (1 )原有的实验教学体系采用的是单一验证式知识型的教学模式。大部分化学实验是起验证作用 ,学生学习兴趣低 ,对所面对的实验只是粗略了解 ,无法深刻地理解实验的设计思想。学生的观察能力弱 ,从观察事物现象中获得的东西甚少 ,久而久之对观察不感兴趣 ,缺乏应有的求知欲。　…     

趣味化学实验在初中化学教学中的应用

化学教学离不开实验,趣味性化学小实验,简便易行、安全有趣,实验现象明显,使学生对化学产生强烈的求知欲,从而激发学生的化学学习兴趣.利用化学实验的趣味性,激发学生的化学学习兴趣,使学生有常新常乐的感觉.     

化学精品课程建设:综合化学实验课程建设与实践

综合化学实验是一门面向化学专业高年级学生的实验课程,经过几代教师不断改革创新逐渐建设成为一门教学形式新颖多样、教学内容层次丰富的创新性化学实验课程,有效帮助学生整合实验理论和方法,锻炼和提升化学相关实验技能,培养学生综合运用所学知识技能深度分析和解决化学相关科学问题的能力,引导学生独立思考、勇于创新的科研习惯的形成和科研素养的提升。对综合化学实验课程近年来在教学设计、教学内容和教学方法等方面的改革和实践进行总结,并对课程未来的建设思路予以展望。     

饮用水实验——推荐一个针对非化学专业的生活化学实验

在非化学专业本科生生活化学实验课程中尝试开设饮用水实验,针对非化学专业学生的特点,重新设计实验的教学内容,通过贴近生活的实验内容,普及饮用水常识,培养学生的化学科学素养。     

油脂演示实验优化及学生探究实验活动的设计

对油脂部分教学内容增加了演示实验和学生探究实验,激发学生的探究兴趣;引导学生关注生活中的化学知识;激发学生细心观察身边事物,查阅资料解决实际问题,并帮助学生树立健康的生活观念。     

以举办化学实验竞赛为契机,推动化学实验教学发展

第10届大学生化学实验竞赛在北京化工大学成功举行,大学生化学实验竞赛能检验学生掌握化学实验技能和操作水平的情况,促进学生更好地了解和掌握实验仪器,锻炼学生的动手能力和创新意识,培养学生严谨科学的态度。通过"北京市大学生化学实验竞赛"这个平台,高校之间更好地交流了化学实验教学的经验,并以此为契机促进化学实验教学的改革,提高化学实验教学水平。     

高职生化学实验意识的调查及分析

实验教学,除了加强学生的基本操作技能外,更要培养学生的实验意识,只有把实验操作能力和实验意识结合起来,才能更好地培养学生的实验能力。通过对09级高职制剂4个班级学生进行问卷调查,探查高职生的化学实验意识,为今后的化学实验教学提供参考。     

在基础化学实验中开设小型综合实验的探讨

在基础化学实验课程中安排小型的综合实验,以提高学生学习兴趣及实验能力.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).