铈对猪胰α-淀粉酶活性影响的研究

在α 淀粉酶介质中加入Ce3+ ,研究了对α 淀粉酶活性影响及其对酶中Ca2 + 的竞争结合作用。低浓度下 (0 .5～ 10mmol·L- 1 ) ,Ce3+ 对α 淀粉酶具有激活现象 ,而高浓度则抑制酶活力。在高浓度下 ,Ce3+ 能完全竞争出α 淀粉酶中的Ca2 + 。荧光滴定表明Ce3+ 能够完全占据Ca2 +的结合位点     

镧、铈对酸雨胁迫下龙眼(Dimocarpus longana Lour.)花粉萌发和坐果的影响

研究了La3+和Ce3+对酸雨胁迫下龙眼花粉萌发和坐果的影响.结果表明,酸雨胁迫下,低浓度(0.1～1 μmol·L-1)的La(NO3)3或Ce(NO3)3可以减轻酸雨对花粉的伤害,提高花粉萌发率,高浓度(10 μmol·L-1)则加重了酸雨的伤害作用;0.1～10 mmol·L-1的La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3均可以提高龙眼的坐果率,减轻酸雨对龙眼果实的伤害.     

铈对三角帆蚌钙代谢影响的研究

研究了不同浓度稀土Ce3+(0,0.5,1.0,2.5 mg·L-1)处理30,60 d时对2龄植片三角帆蚌钙代谢和珍珠质沉积的影响。结果表明:Ce3+对三角帆蚌珍珠质沉积量、外套膜和鳃组织中组织钙含量、钙调蛋白基因mRNA的表达量、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)活性、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响总体上均表现出明显的"低促高抑"的剂量效应和高浓度下"先促后抑"的时间效应。推测稀土Ce3+对钙调蛋白基因mRNA表达水平及关键酶活性的调节可能是其影响三角帆蚌钙代谢和珍珠质沉积的途径之一。     

α-卤代丁二酰氧肟酸类基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的合成及活性评价

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一族Zn2+依赖的蛋白水解酶. 该族酶的过度表达与多种病理过程密切相关, 因此其抑制剂可用于这些疾病的治疗. 本文设计合成了15个α-卤代丁二酰氧肟酸类新型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂, 经核磁共振氢谱和质谱进行了结构表征, 并以伊洛马司他(Ilomastat)为阳性对照, 分别测定了它们对基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2和MMP-9的体外抑制活性. 结果显示, 4个化合物对MMP-2的抑制活性与阳性对照相当; 5个化合物对MMP-9的抑制活性与对照药相当.     

高效液相钴离子催化化学发光抑制法测定茶叶中的茶氨酸

 研究了用高效液相分离、抑制化学发光测定茶叶中茶氨酸的分析方法。该法采用YWG C18(10μm,250mm×5 0mmi d )柱,以0 01mol·L-1醋酸钠 醋酸缓冲液(pH5 5)为流动相,流速为0 8mL·min-1。对茶氨酸抑制Co2+催化鲁米诺(luminol)与过氧化氢(H2O2)化学发光反应的条件进行了优化:Co2+的质量浓度为2μg·L-1,鲁米诺浓度为0 25mmol·L-1,H2O2浓度为0 5mmol·L-1。在茶氨酸的质量浓度为0 2g·L-1～5 0g·L-1时,茶氨酸抑制化学发光产生负峰的相对峰面积Y(将实际峰面积缩小至万分之一)与其质量浓度X(kg·L-1)的线性回归方程为Y=33862X+1 0605(r=0 9983)。     

分根法研究镧对水稻生长及其生理参数的影响

用分根营养液培养法研究了镧对水稻生长及其促进作用的生理机制。结果表明:低浓度镧(0 05～1 5mg·L-1)提高水稻产量,增加实粒数;随着镧浓度从0 05增加到0 75mg·L-1,镧降低第一片完全展开叶和根中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;当镧浓度为0 75～9mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶和根中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性;0 75mg·L-1镧增加叶中赤霉素(GA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量,0 75和3mg·L-1镧增加根中细胞分裂素(iPAs)和IAA含量,但降低脱落酸(ABA)含量;秧苗移栽后46d,0 25～6mg·L-1镧显著增加叶片气孔导度;秧苗移栽后59和83d,当镧浓度分别为15和6mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶片气孔导度;镧对叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量、叶和根中蛋白质,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量没有发现显著作用。还讨论了镧促进水稻生长和消除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的可能机制。     

偶氮胂(Ⅲ)-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵光度法测定高铝矿中的稀土总量

偶氮胂 应用于稀土总量的测定早有报道[1] ,但作者在应用这些方法分析高铝矿时 ,发现铝有严重干扰 ,且灵敏度不高 ,本文采用 1 -苯基 - 3-甲基 -4-苯甲酰基代吡唑酮 ( PMBP)萃取分离。经 8-羟基喹啉 -甲酸反萃后于水相中 [2 ]进行偶氮胂 ( ) ( Ars( ) ) -溴化十六烷基三甲基铵 ( CTMAB)光度法测定。方法已应用于生产。1　实验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂镧、铈混合标准溶液 :将 1 .0 mg· m L-1L a3+和 Ce2 + 标准储备液 (金川公司研究所提供 ) ,用1 .0 mol·L-1HCl分别稀释成 5 .0 μg·m L-1,然后按 1 + 1混合成 1 0 μg· m L-1…     

钆对Tb3+-2,3-吡啶二羧酸体系荧光的增敏及其分析应用

研究了Tb3 + Gd3 + 2 ,3 吡啶二羧酸体系的荧光特性。结果表明 ,钆对该体系中Tb3 +的特征荧光有显著增敏作用 ,当钆浓度为 4 .0× 10 - 4mol·L- 1,pH为 8.0 ,2 ,3 吡啶二羧酸浓度为3.5× 10 - 4mol·L- 1时 ,体系荧光强度最大。该体系用于稀土样品中痕量Tb3 + 的测定 ,铽浓度在 1× 10 - 9～ 2× 10 - 7mol·L- 1范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系 ,检出限为 5× 10 - 10 mol·L- 1。     

木麻黄质膜离子泵在酸雨条件下对镧的响应

研究镧对酸雨(pH为4.5)胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:较低浓度La3+浸种能使幼苗株高、根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强,在200mg·L-1La3+处理时达到最高增强值,而高浓度的La3+浸种使之表现出抑制效应;幼苗质膜钙泵的活性受La3+抑制。质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系,镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长,且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化,维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用。为抗酸雨和促生长,木麻黄经镧浸种8h的最适宜La3+浓度为50～200mg·L-1。     

镧对镉胁迫下豌豆幼苗根部细胞内离子平衡及膜质子泵的影响

以水培豌豆(PisumsativumL)幼苗为材料,研究了La3+对Cd2+胁迫下豌豆幼苗生长、叶部与根部细胞对Cd2+的吸收、根部细胞内无机离子平衡体系及膜H+-ATPase,H+-PPase活性的影响。结果表明:Cd2+胁迫下喷施适宜浓度的La3+(0.50mg·L-1)可使豌豆幼苗相对生物量、苗长、叶绿素含量以及光合速率受到的毒害明显缓解,有效减少叶部与根部细胞对Cd2+的吸收,显著减轻了Cd2+胁迫导致的离子平衡系统的紊乱,明显缓解Cd2+对质膜及液泡膜H+-ATPase,H+-PPase活性的抑制作用。10mg·L-1Cd2+胁迫下La3+的保护效应比30mg·L-1Cd2+胁迫下更为显著。样品中La3+的测定和分析结果还表明,外源La3+处理后,La3+主要结合于细胞膜外,进入原生质体的仅占很小部分,但30mg·L-1Cd2+处理样品中La3+进入细胞的量则明显多于10mg·L-1Cd2+处理的样品。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.