膜富集结合膜上图像比色法快速检测微量有机磷农药

建立了基于手机图像比色法结合多通道膜富集技术用于微量有机磷农药的快速检测方法. 根据乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受有机磷农药特异性抑制而降低的特点, 以吲哚乙酸酯为底物, 经酶水解生成靛蓝, 利用多通道膜富集装置将有色生成物富集到尼龙微孔滤膜上, 将标准溶液和样品溶液富集在同一张膜的不同位置. 用智能手机拍摄微孔滤膜的数码照片, 利用编制的手机APP软件对照片进行处理, 消除光照、 噪点等的影响, 可实现自动识别标准和未知样品. 通过提取样品颜色信号, 建立了颜色信号与浓度的定量分析模型, 用其检测敌百虫的检出限可达0.030 mg/L. 利用该方法对黄瓜中农药敌百虫的含量进行分析, 加标回收率在95.8%~106.9%之间, 相对标准偏差RSD(n=5)为3.8%~5.4%. 本方法用手机代替光谱仪, 简单实用, 与相关国标方法相比, 灵敏度和准确度均得到显著提高, 具有良好的应用前景.     

对毛细管电泳法和亲合液相色谱法测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G的改进

对现行的毛细管电泳法和亲合液相色谱法测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的方法作了两方面的改进:①在样品的预处理方面,采用加入稀乙酸使酪蛋白沉淀析出并用离心法预以分离;②在亲合液相色谱测定方法方面,用内径较大(0.51mm)的不锈钢管道系统代替了原有的系统,使系统的反压值下降至276kPa,达到与免疫亲合色谱柱的耐压最大值300kPa相匹配。改进后的方法的线性范围在200～2000mg·L~(-1)之间。在分别加入100,300mg·L~(-1)标准IgG溶液的浓度水平上做了回收试验,测得方法的回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)依次为112%和97%以及4.2%和3.9%。13种保健食品样品中IgG含量的亲合液相色谱法测定结果与毛细管电泳法的测定结果相一致。     

利用分叉微通道提高夹切进样微流控芯片电泳可靠性的探索

微流控芯片电泳在众多领域都有广阔的应用前景,但该技术的实际应用仍不多见,成功的微流控芯片电泳分析通常需要精确调控各储液池的液面高度、电极的位置等细节,对操作者的技术要求高。该研究在传统电泳芯片的进样通道和分离通道末端引入分叉结构,增加额外的储液池,利用液面差实现进样通道末端和分离通道末端溶液的持续更新,并以有机磷除草剂为模型分析物考察了设计的适用性。结果表明,在夹切进样条件下,利用该芯片可有效缩短连续多次进样分析时的进样时间,避免基线异常抬升,显著提高了分析结果的重现性。在选定的条件下,连续测定120次未发现分离性能的变化,峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)可达0.56%。通过调整进样时间还可避免样品基体进入分离通道,简化分离谱图。     

尼龙膜富集-可见漫反射光谱法测定人参中乙酰甲胺磷

取人参粉末样品约1g,用7mL丙酮超声提取10min,提取液过滤后蒸缩至1.0mL,加入4mL水,1mL硫酸,40g·L~(-1)过硫酸钾溶液5mL,小火煮沸近30min,并保持溶液体积在25～30mL之间。冷却后,用100g·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至5～8,将溶液移入50mL容量瓶中,加入26g·L~(-1)钼酸铵溶液2.0mL,100g·L~(-1)抗坏血酸溶液1.0mL,加水至刻度,静置10min。取此溶液5.0mL,在0.07MPa真空度下使溶液抽滤流经尼龙膜,使所生成的钼蓝吸附在尼龙膜上。抽滤结束时,取出滤膜,风干后,用可见漫反射光谱仪采集滤膜上钼蓝的可见漫反射光谱。试验测得乙酰甲胺磷(AMP)的质量浓度在0.5～5.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的膜漫反射吸光度呈线性关系,其检出限(3s)为0.18mg·L~(-1)。按所提出方法以空白人参样品为基体加入AMP标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率为94.0%～104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.4%～5.7%。     

纸上荧光成像-数码比色法快速测定维生素B2

建立了纸上荧光成像-数码比色法快速测定维生素B2(VB2)的新方法。将VB2溶液点样在滤纸上,在紫外灯下拍摄VB2样点的荧光图像,成像斑点的灰度积分值与VB2的浓度在一定范围内具有线性关系。对点样体积、不同面积色块截取、同一面积色块不同取点位置对灰度积分值的影响进行了考察和优化,在优化的条件下,方法在10~60μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.996),对VB2的最低响应值为1.0μg/mL。方法应用于实际样品分析的结果与荧光光谱法一致。标准加入法的回收率为94.1%~102.1%,相对标准偏差在0.5%~2.9%范围。方法可进行现场快速定量测定。     

液-液-液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定人尿液中的美沙酮

建立了液-液-液微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术快速分析尿样中美沙酮的方法.对有机溶剂种类、体积、样品溶液的pH值、萃取时间、搅拌速度进行了优化.方法的线性范围为0.05～10 mg/L,检出限为0.025 mg/L,相对标准偏差小于5%.     

离子色谱法测定洗涤用品中的氮川三乙酸盐

研究并建立了洗涤用品中氮川三乙酸盐(NTA)的离子色谱测定方法。将洗涤用品样品用超纯水稀释200~500倍,置于磁力搅拌器上搅拌至完全溶解,样品提取液依次过尼龙滤膜和OnGuardII RP固相萃取柱。滤液采用离子色谱-抑制电导检测法分析测定,以IonPac AS11阴离子交换色谱柱分离,以KOH溶液为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,ASRS-400阴离子型抑制电导检测,外标法定量。方法的线性范围为0.02~10μg/mL,相关系数为0.9998,对氮川三乙酸盐定量限为20 mg/kg,液类洗涤用品在低、中、高3种加标水平的回收率为90.9%~103.2%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~4.1%;粉类产品在低、中、高3种加标水平的回收率为89.3%~105.1%,相对标准偏差为4.1%~6.7%;皂类产品在低、中、高3种加标水平的回收率为96.9%~115.1%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~4.2%。     

尼龙6纳米纤维膜固相膜萃取-高效液相色谱法测定塑料瓶装矿泉水中双酚A

采用静电纺丝法制备尼龙6纳米纤维膜,结合固相膜萃取-高效液相色谱法测定了矿泉水中的双酚A。对洗脱溶剂及其体积、进样速度、样品体积、样品pH值、尼龙6纳米纤维膜的用量、及其活化方式和使用次数等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:10mL样品调至pH8.0后,以3mL/min流速通过1.5mg尼龙6纳米纤维膜,300μL甲醇即可将膜上吸附的双酚A完全洗脱,每张膜至少可重复使用6次。在此最优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.20～20.0μg/L;检出限为0.15μg/L,膜内和膜间的相对标准偏差均小于4.5%(n=6)。本方法应用于6种不同品牌的矿泉水中双酚A的分析测定,在1.0μg/L加标水平下,测得回收率为95.0%,双酚A测得浓度低于0.30μg/L。与固相萃取方法相比,本方法高效、环保,表明尼龙6纳米纤维膜是极具潜力的萃取介质     

一种基于微流控芯片的生物样品循环给样富集方法

提出了一种基于微流控芯片的生物样品循环给样方法,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)软光刻工艺制作了包括环形蠕动微泵和电磁微阀的微流控芯片,通过与免疫探针芯片的集成,实现了对探针芯片的循环给样及在其上的免疫样品富集。采用不同浓度的羊抗兔IgG(FITC标记)样品与兔IgG探针免疫结合3 min,得到循环流动比静态吸附的荧光光强值更高,可使检出限降低。对于50 mg/L羊抗兔IgG样品,流速从130μL/min增至300μL/min时,免疫结合的速度明显加快,可使同一时刻的检出限降低;而样品浓度提高到200 mg/L时,增大流速对免疫反应的促进效果弱于低浓度时的变化。在样品浓度50 mg/L和循环流速300μL/min的条件下,循环给样方式仅需7μL样品溶液就得到了与持续进样约1.8 mL样品溶液基本一致的结果。     

电化学液相微萃取-循环伏安法对海带中溴的测定

将液相微萃取与电化学法相结合,建立了快速测定海带中溴含量的电化学液相微萃取-循环伏安法(ELPME-CV).苯甲酸乙酯作为粘结剂组成碳糊电极,同时充当微液膜萃取相与样品溶液接触.在正电位下,溴离子被氧化成溴分子,溴分子经微液膜萃取富集,在负电位下还原溶出.在0.01 ～0.50 mmol/L范围内,溴的还原峰电流与溶液中溴离子浓度成正比,检出限为0.05 mmol/L.测定市售海带中溴的含量为91 μg/g,相对标准偏差为11%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).