低通量慢中子辐照对高Tc超导体正常态电阻的影响及其机理探讨

研究了低通量(～10⁸n/cm²)慢中子对Y系、Bi系及其掺杂高T_c超导体(HTSC)正常态电阻的影响及其机理。实验结果表明,HTSC在低通量慢中子辐照后,正常态电阻R不仅不遵从随辐照通量φ_n按指数增加的规律,而且还会较大幅度地减小。 关键词：     

低通量慢中子辐照对高T_c超导体正常态电阻的影响及其机理探讨

研究了低通量(～10~8n/cm~2)慢中子对Y系、Bi系及其掺杂高T_c超导体(HTSC)正常态电阻的影响及其机理。实验结果表明,HTSC在低通量慢中子辐照后,正常态电阻R不仅不遵从随辐照通量φ_n按指数增加的规律,而且还会较大幅度地减小。     

中子辐照对Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8Tc的影响

本文报道低通量慢中子辐照对Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8超导体的电阻转变的影响,而且辐照的这种影响随时间退化较小。结果可用改善弱连接来解释,说明低通量中子辐照也可作为研究超导体性质的一种手段。     

Bi系超导体高Tc相的形成机制

本文研究Bi系超导体高T_c(2223)相的形成机制。提出Bi系氧化物超导体高T_c相的形成过程是:首先Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物(Ca_0.85Sr_0.15CuO₂)与低T_c(2212)相反应形成高T_c相的核,然后样品内2223相核通过象结晶学中晶体生长那样的方式长大成2223相晶粒。2223相成核过程中Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物的形成途径有两条:一条是通过固相反应 关键词：     

14MeV快中子对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)熔融织构样品的辐照效应

本文研究了单能中子(E_n～14MeV)对YBCO熔融织构样品的辐照效应。用磁测量法分别测量了该样品在中子辐照前后,在同一磁场下的磁化强度之比为M_(irr.)/M_(nonirr.)≈3.5,其结果优于国外近期报道的结果。此外,还和低通量慢中子以及高通量快中子对YBCO的辐照效应做了比较,并从核物理方面进行了讨论。     

γ射线辐照诱导Bi:α-BaB2O4单晶近红外宽带发光的研究

用提拉法技术生长出了掺Bi的α-BaB₂O₄单晶并经过γ射线辐照.测定了样品在室温下的吸收光谱、发射光谱及荧光衰减曲线.在808 nm波长光的激发下,经γ射线辐照后的α-BaB₂O₄单晶中发现了中心波长为1139 nm、半高宽为113 nm的近红外宽带发光现象.讨论了辐照条件和退火处理对Bi离子发光的影响.对于其发光机理进行了初步的探讨. 关键词： 近红外宽带发光 2O₄单晶')" href="#">α-BaB₂O₄单晶 辐照 退火处理     

电子束辐照诱导Bi:α-BaB2O4 单晶近红外宽带发光的研究

用提拉法技术生长出了Bi:α-BaB₂O₄单晶,并进行电子束辐照.测定了电子束辐照前后的吸收谱和荧光发射谱.在808 nm波长激光二极管的激发下,电子束辐照后的Bi:α-BaB₂O₄单晶中观测到了中心波长在1135 nm附近、半高宽为52 nm左右的近红外宽带发光现象.近红外宽带发光的发光中心是Bi⁺离子.电子束射线起到了将Bi³⁺和Bi²⁺还原至一价态 关键词： 近红外宽带发光 2O₄单晶')" href="#">α-BaB₂O₄单晶 电子束辐照     

掺Ca-(RPr)-123系列超导体的高压合成

利用高温高压方法成功地合成出(R_0.4Pr_0.6)_0.5Ca_0.5Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ(其中R=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Y)单相123相超导体.其结果表明,在Pr系的R-123相化合物中掺Ca都能够获得高T_c的超导体,其超导转变温度都在100K左右. 关键词： 超导体 Pr-123相化合物 高压合成 稀土     

非晶态超导体的2△0/(kBTc)和声子谱参量

提出了能够很好地描述非过渡金属无序和非晶态超导体的2Δ₀/(k_BT_c)与声子谱参量之间关系的一个公式:2Δ₀(k_BT_c=4.95[1-(T₀<ω>^1/2)/A(1/(λω₀)+1/(20λ<ω>)+1/(20<ω>))]。计算了大量已知声子谱的非晶和无序超导体的能隙2Δ₀对T_c的比,结果表明在百分之几的范围内与实验值符合。指出了非过渡金属和合金的非晶态超导体,既可以是一个2Δ₀/(k_BT_c)值远大于BCS理论值(3.53)的强耦合超导体,也可以是一个2Δ₀/(k_BT_c)值比BCS理论值还要小得多的弱耦合超导体。 关键词：     

快重离子辐照对MoS2热导率的影响研究

利用0.97 GeV的209Bi离子辐照二硫化钼（MoS₂）晶体,辐照注量范围为1×1010～1×1012 ions/cm2,结合原子力显微镜（AFM）观测和Raman光谱分析研究了快重离子辐照对MoS₂热导率的影响。实验结果显示,快重离子辐照在MoS₂中产生了潜径迹,较高激光功率下的Raman测试使样品局部温度升高,导致E_1/2g和A_1g峰随注量增加向低波数方向移动,且峰形展宽。引入了通过改变激光功率测量Raman光谱得到MoS₂热导率的计算方法,获得了不同辐照注量下MoS₂的热导率的定量分析结果,随注量增加,热导率不断降低,从未辐照样品的563 W/mK下降到1×1012 ions/cm2辐照时的132 W/mK。Molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂) was irradiated by 0.97 GeV 209Bi ions with the fluence of 1×1010 to 1×1012 ions/cm2. The irradiation effect on the thermal conductivity of MoS₂ was analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results show that hillock-like latent tracks are observed on irradiated MoS₂ by AFM. The measurement of MoS₂ by Raman spectrometer with high laser power results in the increase of local temperature of MoS₂, which cause the downshift of peaks position and broadening of E_1/2g and A_1g peak. Furthermore, according to Raman spectra measured at different laser power, thermal conductivity of MoS₂ before and after irradiation was calculated, which show that the thermal conductivity of MoS₂ decreases with increasing fluence, from 563 to 132 W/mK for pristine and 1×1012 ions/cm2 irradiated MoS₂, respectively.     

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SLOW NEUTRON IRRADIATION ON HALOGEN-DOPED HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS AND ITS MECHANISM

Irradiation effect of low-fluence (-10⁸ n/cm² ) slow neutrons on halogen-doped superconductors is presented in this paper. And the mechanism of the effect is also described from the viewpoint of nuclear physics for both fast and slow neutrons on high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). It is shown ex-perimentally and theoretically that slow neutrons of low fluence has a similar irradiation effect to that of fast neutron beams with an energy E_n>0.1 MeV and fluence 10¹⁶-10¹⁸ n/cm²-However,quite differ-ent mechanisms are involved in them: Fast neutrons transfer their energies through elastic scattering in HTSC, whereas slow neutrons give off their energies during the slow neutron capture (n,γ) reaction.     

Effect of ball-milling on T c values of bi-based bulk superconductors

Superconducting powders were synthesised by solid-state reaction. They were ball-milled, and pressed into pellets. It was found that particle size prior to sintering has a substantial influence on the properties of Bi-based bulk superconductors, such as reactivity, phase homogeneity and T _c values. Powders of fine particle size were found to show low T _c values.     

Dependence of the divacancy concentration on the germanium content in Si<Subscript>1 − <Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ge<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> alloys under irradiation by fast and slow neutrons

The concentration of divacancies formed in Si_{1 ? x} Ge _x solid solutions under irradiation by fast and slow neutrons is investigated as a function of the germanium content. It is demonstrated that the role of annihilation of primary radiation-induced defects on germanium atoms in the compounds under investigation decreases upon irradiation by fast and slow neutrons.     

Small-angle neutron scattering study of radiation defects in synthetic quartz

The superatomic structure of synthetic quartz single crystals with dislocation densities ρ = 54 and 570 cm^?2 was studied in the initial state and after irradiation with fast neutrons with energies E _n > 0.1 MeV in a WWRM reactor (St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute) in the fluence range F = 0.2 × 10¹⁷?5.0 × 10¹⁸ neutrons/cm². Weak irradiation with F = 0.2 × 10¹⁷ neutrons/cm² causes only slight structural changes, whereas appreciable generation of defects with radii of gyration r _g ～ 1–2 nm and R _G ～ 40–50 nm occurs at F = 7.7 × 10¹⁷?5.0 × 10¹⁸ neutrons/cm². As the fluence increases further, the number and volume fraction of point defects, as well as extended (channels ～2 nm in radius) and globular (amorphous phase nuclei) defects, increase.     

Effect of reactor irradiation on the microhardness of SAV-1 and AMG-2 structural materials

The results of studying the variation in the microhardness of SAV-1 and AMG-2 aluminum alloys after irradiation with neutrons with a fluence of 10¹⁶ to 10²⁰ cm^?2 are presented. Two ranges of variation in the microhardness dependent on the indenter load are revealed, which are retained in the entire fluence range. A strong dependence of the H _μ value on P for loads less than 50 g (in the first range) is most likely caused by the physicochemical state of the surface layer.     

Topological electronic transition in cuprate high-<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis><Subscript>c</Subscript> superconductors occurring before the superconducting transition

It is shown for the first time that the superconducting transition in optimally doped Y- and Bi-based high-T _c superconductors is preceded by the Lifshitz topological transition in their electron systems. A intense hole-electron conversion occurring in the system of charge carriers at T = T _c + (~10 K) is a clear cut signature of such transition.     

The effect of damage on the superconducting and magnetic transition in ErRh4B4

Thin films of ErRh₄B₄, which exhibit both the superconducting and magnetic transitions observed in the bulk, were damaged by irradiation with 1.8 MeV α-particles. The dependence of T_c of the film on fluence, and the resulting resistance ratio, is very similar to that of A15 materials. The ferromagnetic transition is also rapidly depressed by damage. The results raise interesting questions concerning the band structure of cluster compound superconductors, the nature of the magnetic transition in ErRh₄B₄ and the generality of the sensitivity of cluster compounds to damage.     

Dosimetry and fast neutron energies characterization of photoneutrons produced in some medical linear accelerators

This work focusses on the estimation of induced photoneutrons energy, fluence, and strength using nuclear track detector (NTD) (CR-39). Photoneutron energy was estimated for three different linear accelerators, LINACs as an example for the commonly used accelerators. For high-energy linear accelerators, neutrons are produced as a consequence of photonuclear reactions in the target nuclei, accelerator head, field-flattening filters and beam collimators, and other irradiated objects. NTD (CR-39) is used to evaluate energy and fluence of the fast neutron. Track length is used to estimate fast photoneutrons energy for linear accelerators (Elekta 10 MV, Elekta 15 MV, and Varian 15 MV). Results show that the estimated neutron energies for the three chosen examples of LINACs reveals neutron energies in the range of 1–2 MeV for 10 and 15 MV X-ray beams. The fluence of neutrons at the isocenter (Φ_total) is found to be (4×10⁶ n cm² Gy^?1) for Elekta machine 10 MV. The neutron source strengths Q are calculated. It was found to be 0.2×10¹² n Gy^?1 X-ray at the isocenter. This work represents simple, low cost, and accurate methods of measuring fast neutrons dose and energies.     

Effect of neutron irradiation on the IR absorption spectra of cupric oxide single crystals

A strong increase of the absorption coefficient with photon energy increasing from 0.1 to 1.0 eV is observed in the spectra of CuO single crystals irradiated with neutrons to a fluence of 5×10¹⁸ cm⁻². The difference of the absorption coefficients before and after irradiation depends on the wavelength as λ⁻². The effect of neutron irradiation on CuO is qualitatively similar to that of neutrons on other semiconductors (for example, GaAs) and differs from that obtained by irradiating CuO with charged particles. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 98–99 (December 1999)