循环连续流动分析法测定辣根过氧化物酶的活性

基于H2O2-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-邻苯二胺(OPDA)催化反应体系,建立了测定游离及固定化HRP酶活性的循环连续流动分析法(CCFA).CCFA实现了反应液、反应过程的循环连续检测.用CCFA法对酶催化反应条件进行研究,得到的最佳反应条件是:pH 5.0,反应温度27 ℃, 66.0 μmol/L H2O2 , 2 mg/L OPDA,缓冲液为0.1 mol/L柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液; 测定游离HRP的线性范围为0～10 U/L,检出限为0.21 U/L,RSD＜1.03%.使用CCFA法测定了固定化HRP的活性,并对HRP酶促动力学进行了研究,得到的游离HRP的米氏常数为0.078 mmol/L,最大反应速度为0.26 mmol/(L min),催化常数为5.2 × 104 min-1.CCFA法操作简便、准确度高、节省试剂、易于实现自动化.     

辣根过氧化物酶分光光度法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性

研究了以辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林反应显色新体系,检测黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活力的新方法。确定该酶活性测定的最佳条件为:辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)7000 U/L,4-氨基安替比林(AAP)1 mmol/L,苯酚(PA)6 mmol/L,黄嘌呤(XAN)1 mmol/L溶于50 mmol/L Tris-CL缓冲液(pH 8.4);反应温度为37℃,保温时间为20 m in;检测波长为508 nm。本方法测定XOD酶活的线性范围为5.0~100.0 U/L,线性关系良好(r=0.9992),检出限为1.3 U/L。该方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠。可有效应用于普通实验室和临床常规生化检测。     

二氧化铈纳米微粒过氧化物酶活性及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

合成了一种稳定和水溶性的聚丙烯酸修饰CeO2 NPs,利用动态光散射(DLS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行表征.结果表明,CeO2 NPs能够催化H2O2氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)发生显色反应,表现出过氧化物模拟酶催化活性.利用Raman和顺磁共振(EPR)光谱技术研究了其催化机理.基于CeO2 NPs催化TMB变色反应对H2O2浓度的依赖性和葡萄糖氧化酶能够催化溶解氧氧化葡萄糖产生H2O2的原理,构建了一种简单、灵敏、选择性高的测定血清中葡萄糖的检测方法.在优化条件下,测定葡萄糖的线性范围为0.5~10 mmol/L,检出限(3σ)为0.1 mmol/L.对1.0 mmol/L葡萄糖进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.4%.该方法已成功用于血清样品中葡萄糖的测定.     

偶联酶催化分光光度法测定黄嘌呤

研究了以黄嘌呤氧化酶-辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林反应为显色体系测定不同样液中黄嘌呤浓度的新方法。确定该测定方法的最佳反应条件为:黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)0·32U/mL,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)7·0U/mL,4-氨基安替比林(AAP)1mmol/L,苯酚(PA)6mmol/L溶于100mmol/LTris-HCl缓冲液(pH8·4);反应温度为37℃,保温时间为20min;检测波长为508nm。本方法测定黄嘌呤浓度的线性范围为0·2～10·0mmol/L,线性关系良好(R=0·9978),检测限为0·05mmol/L。方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠,可有效应用于普通实验室和常规临床血液生化检测。     

流动注射-循环催化法同时测定过氧化物酶活性和抗坏血酸浓度EI北大核心CSCD

利用一种流动注射-循环催化光度系统评价抗坏血酸(AsA)干扰过氧化物酶(POD)的催化反应机制,发现AsA会导致POD催化的显色产物褪色,使显色反应体系出现一种无响应的延滞期,当AsA消耗完后POD的催化动力学曲线线性响应区斜率及截距分别与POD活性和AsA浓度相关。基于此现象,建立了一种同时测定POD活性和AsA浓度的新方法。在优化条件下,该法成功用于多种萝卜中POD活性和AsA浓度的测定。方法的线性范围分别是50~2000 U/L POD和20~350 mg/L AsA,相对标准偏差小于1.4%。     

猪肉中过氧化物酶活性的TMB法研究

以3,5,3',5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物对猪肉过氧化物酶(POD)的酶学特性以及猪肉不同部位过氧化物酶活性水平进行了较为系统的研究,并以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)为标准酶获得了酶活性标准曲线.猪肉过氧化物酶在温度38℃,pH 4.80时活性最高.酶浓度与酶反应初始阶段的酶活性有较好的线性关系,氢供体底物TMB的最佳浓度为2.80×10-4 mol/L,浓度过大则会抑制酶的活性,氢受体底物过氧化氢的浓度与酶活性有较好的线性关系和较宽的线性范围(0～4.20×10-3 mol/L).猪肉不同部位如腰条(指外腰条)、里脊(指内腰条)、后腿、前腿、三层、腱子中POD活性大小不同,前三者的POD活性相近且活性较小,而后三者活性较为相近且活性较大.通过辣根过氧化物酶标准曲线可以求估待测样品中POD的活性值.     

四磺基锰酞菁在光度分析中的催化性能研究

研究了四磺基锰酞菁(MnTSPc)作为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的模拟酶,在光度分析中有、无H2O2存在时对苯酚及4 氨基安替比林的氧化缩合反应的催化作用;还研究了一些表面活性剂对其催化作用的影响。利用此催化反应可以测定H2O2及葡萄糖的浓度;本体系中H2O2测定的线性范围为1～50mmol L;对1.0×10-3mmol L的H2O2做了7次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.9%;测定葡萄糖的线性范围为1～14mmol L。     

四磺基苯基铁卟啉催化反应研究及分析应用

用金属-有机配位化合物四磺基苯基铁卟啉(Iron-(4-sulphophenyl)porphyrin,FeTPPS4)作为辣根过氧化物酶(Horeseradish Peroxidase,HRP)模拟酶,催化活化H2O2氧化染料氢供体底物孔雀绿(MG),建立了FeTPPS4/H2O2/MG新的模拟酶催化反应体系。用该体系测定H2O2的表观摩尔吸光系数ε为5.54×103L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为3.61×10-6mol/L。拟定的方法用于雨水中H2O2的测定,并与葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose Oxidase,GOD)反应偶联测定葡萄糖(Glu)含量,结果令人满意。     

血红蛋白催化荧光法测定其氢供体底物酪氨酸

利用血红蛋白(Hb)的过氧化物酶特性,催化H2O2氧化氢供体底物酪氨酸(Tyr)的荧光反应,实验发现NH3配体对该反应产物的荧光强度有增强作用。通过反应机理的探讨,获得了反应速率方程。在NH3 NH4Cl的缓冲体系中优化了反应条件,建立了新的测定酪氨酸的催化荧光分析法。酪氨酸浓度在2.0×10-7～2.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),方法的检出限为4.63×10-9mol/L。已用于实际样品的测定。     

血红蛋白模拟过氧化物酶催化反应体系的极谱分析

用极谱分析法研究了血红蛋白催化H2O2氧化邻苯二胺(OPD)的反应体系.血红蛋白具有类似过氧化物酶的功能,它能够催化OPD-H2O2的反应生成一种具有电化学活性的产物,该产物在滴汞电极上-0.64V(vs.SCE)产生一个峰形良好的极谱还原峰.优化了血红蛋白的催化反应条件和催化反应产物的极谱测定条件 在最佳条件下,该体系可用于血红蛋白含量的测定,线性范围为2.0×10-9～2.0×10-7mol/L,检测限为1.0×10-9mol/L;也可用于痕量H2O2的测定,线性范围为1.0×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L,检测限为1.0×10-6mol/L.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。