流动注射化学发光发测定葡萄糖

β-D-葡萄糖的检测是临床化学的常规分析项目 .化学发光分析法测定葡萄糖具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高等优点[1～ 3] .我们曾研究了鲁米诺 ( L uminol) -KIO4 -H2 O2 化学发光反应体系[4 ] ,发现 H2 O2 浓度在 2 .0× 1 0 - 7～ 6.0× 1 0 - 4mol/L范围内与发光强度有良好的线性关系 .本文将生成 H2 O2 的葡萄糖 -葡萄糖氧化酶 ( GOD)的酶促反应与鲁米诺 -KIO4 -H2 O2 的化学发光反应相偶合 ,结合流动注射技术 ,建立了一种流动注射化学发光测定葡萄糖的新方法 .方法的线性范围为 0 .6～ 1 1 0 mg/L ,相关系数为 0 .9997,检出限为 0 .0…     

二氧化铈纳米微粒过氧化物酶活性及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

合成了一种稳定和水溶性的聚丙烯酸修饰CeO2 NPs,利用动态光散射(DLS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行表征.结果表明,CeO2 NPs能够催化H2O2氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)发生显色反应,表现出过氧化物模拟酶催化活性.利用Raman和顺磁共振(EPR)光谱技术研究了其催化机理.基于CeO2 NPs催化TMB变色反应对H2O2浓度的依赖性和葡萄糖氧化酶能够催化溶解氧氧化葡萄糖产生H2O2的原理,构建了一种简单、灵敏、选择性高的测定血清中葡萄糖的检测方法.在优化条件下,测定葡萄糖的线性范围为0.5~10 mmol/L,检出限(3σ)为0.1 mmol/L.对1.0 mmol/L葡萄糖进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.4%.该方法已成功用于血清样品中葡萄糖的测定.     

血红蛋白与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联荧光法测定葡萄糖

利用血红蛋白(Hb)作为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的模拟酶,催化H2O2与对甲基酚的荧光反应.并将该反应与葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)催化氧化葡萄糖的反应偶联,建立了测定葡萄糖的荧光分析法.方法的线性范围为0.0～5.0×10-5mol/L葡萄糖.检测限为6.5×10-8mol/L.用于测定人血清中葡萄糖的含量,获得了满意的结果.     

靛蓝胭脂红催化褪色光度法测定钴

研究了在弱碱性介质中 ,Co( )对 H2 O2 氧化靛蓝胭脂红的褪色反应催化作用 ,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量 Co( )的新方法。方法线性范围为 0～ 1 .0μg/2 5m L ,检出限为 9.92× 1 0 - 7g/L ,反应的表观活化能为 8.66k J/mol,用于水样中 Co( )的分析 ,结果满意     

循环连续流动分析法测定辣根过氧化物酶的活性

基于H2O2-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-邻苯二胺(OPDA)催化反应体系,建立了测定游离及固定化HRP酶活性的循环连续流动分析法(CCFA).CCFA实现了反应液、反应过程的循环连续检测.用CCFA法对酶催化反应条件进行研究,得到的最佳反应条件是:pH 5.0,反应温度27 ℃, 66.0 μmol/L H2O2 , 2 mg/L OPDA,缓冲液为0.1 mol/L柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液; 测定游离HRP的线性范围为0～10 U/L,检出限为0.21 U/L,RSD＜1.03%.使用CCFA法测定了固定化HRP的活性,并对HRP酶促动力学进行了研究,得到的游离HRP的米氏常数为0.078 mmol/L,最大反应速度为0.26 mmol/(L min),催化常数为5.2 × 104 min-1.CCFA法操作简便、准确度高、节省试剂、易于实现自动化.     

基于固定化纳米金增强化学发光双酶传感器测定葡萄糖

研制了一种新型流动注射化学发光（CL）双酶传感器,用于葡萄糖的检测．该传感器将掺杂金纳米粒子（GNPs）的壳聚糖膜包覆在硅烷化试剂预处理的玻璃微珠上,用于吸附固定葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）和辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）．葡萄糖在GOD的催化下发生氧化反应生成H2O2,生成的H2O2在HRP的催化作用下与鲁米诺发生反应,并产生化学发光信号．实验表明,壳聚糖中掺杂的GNPs不仅能够有效的吸附酶分子并保持其生物活性,还对Luminol-H2O2-HRP化学发光体系具有增敏作用．通过化学发光光谱和紫外光谱表征,详细研究了固定化GNPs增强Luminol—H2O2-HRP体系的化学发光机理．在优化的实验条件下,该传感器对葡萄糖检测的线性范围为0．01～6．0mmol／L,检测限为5．0μmol／L（3σ）．将所建立的方法用于临床血清样品中葡萄糖含量的测定,获得了满意的结果．     

电沉积Cu_2O在无酶葡萄糖传感器中的应用

采用电化学沉积法在玻碳电极表面制备了Cu_2O,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对Cu_2O的微观结构和表面形貌进行了表征,通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了Cu_2O对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能。结果表明:该修饰电极对葡萄糖有良好催化作用,葡萄糖检测的线性范围为5.0μmol/L~6.23mmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.4μmol/L。该传感器制备简单,稳定性和重复性好,可用于实际样品的测定。     

辣根过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢氧化隐性亮绿显色反应的研究

以隐性亮绿 (RBG)为氢供体底物 ,研究了辣根过氧化物酶 -H2 O2 -RBG显色反应体系的酶催化特性。在 p H 5.0～ 6.0的条件下反应形成的酶催化产物亮绿 (BG)于 63 0 .6nm处有最大吸收 ,该显色反应测定 H2 O2 的表观摩尔吸光系数为 5.64×1 0 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,线性范围为 3 .55× 1 0 - 8～ 6.0× 1 0 - 6 mol/ L,检出限为 3 .55×1 0 - 8mol/ L。方法用于雨水中痕量 H2 O2 的测定 ,结果满意     

二溴对甲基偶氮羧催化动力学光度法测定岩石及粮食中铁

研究了痕量铁对高碘酸钾氧化二溴对甲基偶氮羧的催化作用 ,发现其在H2 SO4 介质中具有高灵敏的反应 ,检出限为 8.2 2× 1 0 -11g/m L,线性范围为 Fe( ) 0～ 0 .1 8μg/2 5m L。可用于测定岩石及粮食中的铁     

溶胶-凝胶壳聚糖/二氧化硅杂化复合膜固定辣根过氧化酶的H2O2电化学生物传感器的研制

利用溶胶 凝胶法制备壳聚糖 二氧化硅有机无机复合杂化膜,用于对辣根过氧化酶进行固定,制得测定H2O2的电流型生物传感器。以1mmol/LK4Fe(CN)6作为电子媒介体。研究了各种因素如壳聚糖与二氧化硅的比率、pH、温度、工作电位等对传感器响应电流的影响。计时电流法测定H2O2的线性范围为2.0×10-6～6.8×10-4mol/L,检出限为8.0×10-7mol/L。测得酶催化动力学参数米氏常数Km=0 87mmol/L。用该法对实际样品进行了测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.