含不同取代基的Cardo聚芳醚酮的气体透过性能

研究了带有不同烷基取代基的Ｃａｒｄｏ聚芳醚酮均质膜对Ｈ２，Ｏ２，ＣＯ２和ＣＨ２气体的透气性能，讨论气体透过对温度的依赖性。     

主链含硅聚芳酯的合成及气体透过性能的研究

以双［对－酰氯苯基］二甲基硅烷和酚酞、四溴酚酞以及双酚Ａ为原料，合成了三种主链含硅聚芳酯，并对聚合物相关的物理性质进行了表征，制成了均质透明的薄膜．采用低真空法测定这些聚合物对Ｈ２、Ｏ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４的气体透过速率，并计算出气体透过系数、扩散系数、溶解系数、分离系数．从气体透过性能与聚合物分子结构关系的角度，按照气体透过的溶解－扩散机制，对聚合物的气体透过性能进行了研究，而且着重讨论了聚合物的堆积密度对气体扩散系数的影响，以及聚合物主链中极性链段的百分含量对气体溶解系数和溶解选择性的影响。     

几种Cardo聚芳醚砜膜的气体透过行为

几种Ｃａｒｄｏ聚芳醚砜膜的气体透过行为王忠刚，陈天禄，徐纪平（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词Ｃａｒｄｏ聚芳醚砜，膜，气体分离近年来的研究结果表明：同时增加聚合物的自由体积和限制分子链的链段活动性可以同时改善聚合物的气体透过系数和...     

主链含硅的芳族聚酰胺的合成及其气体选择透过性能

采用界面缩合聚合方法，合成了一系列主链含硅的芳族聚酰胺，从化学结构与气体透过性能关系的角度研究了此类聚合物均质膜的气体透过性能，结果表明，此类聚合物膜对Ｈ２、Ｏ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４的气体透过系数大小顺序符合一般玻璃态聚合物规律；在刚性强的高分子链段中引进柔性基因，可提高聚合物的气体透过系数；高分子主链有较强内旋转能力的聚合物，气体透过系数大；高分子主链的化学结构相同，苯环上带有侧甲基的聚合物有高的气体透过系数；硅原子上带有侧苯基的聚合物，其气体扩散系数大于而溶解系数小于硅原子上携有侧甲基的聚合物．结论为，在刚性高分子主链中引入柔性基团和提高刚性链间隙是增大气体透过含硅聚酰胺膜速率的有利因素．     

温度对聚苯并咪唑吡咯酮膜透气性能的影响

研究了两种聚苯并咪唑吡咯酮均质膜在一个大气压下温度对Ｈ２、Ｏ２、Ｎ２的透过性能的影响．在分子链结构中引入空间位阻大的－Ｃ（ＣＦ３）２－基因，气体的透过系数有明显增加，提高了一个数量级，其中Ｈ２的透过系数为７４Ｂａｒｒｅｒ，对Ｈ２、Ｎ２的选择分离系数为５０．随着温度的升高，两种膜的透过系数均增加，而选择性降低．     

温度对含硅聚酰亚胺膜气体分离性能的影响

合成了次联苯基型合硅聚酰亚胺（ＳＩＤＡ－ＢＤＡ），研究了其均质膜对Ｈ２，Ｏ２和Ｎ２的透过分离性能与温度的关系，随着温度的升高，气体的透过系数和扩散系数增大，而溶解系数和选择系数则降低，此外，我们还讨论了气体在膜中的透过活化能，扩散活化能和吸着热。     

KI-醚类催化剂催化二氧化碳和环氧乙烷合成碳酸乙烯酯反应研究

合成了５个含有金属铁的环醚Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）３Ｌ（Ｌ１＝Ｐｈ２Ｐ（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）２ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２，Ｌ２＝Ｐｈ２Ｐ（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）４ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２，Ｌ３＝ＯＰｈ［（ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）ＰＰｈ２］２，Ｌ４＝ＯＰｈ［ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）２ＰＰｈ２］２）和［Ｆｅ（ＣＯ３）］２Ｌ５（Ｌ５＝［Ｐｈ２ＰＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２］２）．对它们进行了元素分析，并用红外光谱和核磁共振谱进行了结构表征．用ＫＩ＋醚类为催化剂，催化二氧化碳与环氧乙烷反应生成碳酸乙烯酯，反应选择性大于９６．９％．催化机理为碱催化，催化剂的活性受醚的影响．能和Ｋ＋形成稳定配合物的醚可提高催化剂的活性．含金属铁的环醚和普通醚类相似，可以和钾离子作用，提高阴离子的亲核催化性能．     

温度和压力对六氟二酐型聚酰亚胺的透气性能的影响

本文研究了温度和压力对五种六氟二酐（６ＦＤＡ）型聚酰亚胺膜对Ｈ_２、ＣＯ_２、Ｏ_２、Ｎ_２和ＣＨ_４五种气体透过性能的影响．在３０－１００℃区间，五种聚酰亚胺的透气系数与温度的关系均符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系式；在０．３－１．２ＭＰａ区间，压力对透气系数的影响很小．６ＦＤＡ－４，４＇－二氨基二苯酮（ＤＡＢＰ）和６ＦＤＡ－３，３＇－二甲基二苯甲烷二胺（ＤＭＭＤＡ）在１００℃仍然具有较大的透气选择系数，是比较好的气体分离膜材料．     

聚芳醚酮大环化合物的核磁共振谱解析

利用一维ＮＭＲ方法研究了新型聚芳醚酮大环化合物的影响，用二维同核＾１Ｈ－＾１Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ和＾１３Ｃ－＾１Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ实验方法以及类似物质标准谱图的比较，对一维ＮＭＲ谱峰进行了归属。     

干相转换条件对致密皮层不对称膜结构及透气性能的影响

研究了挥发时间、温度等干相转换条件对聚芳醚砜致密皮层不对称膜形态结构、有效皮层厚度及氮、氢透过性能的影响．表明采用本铸膜液体系，在２０℃左右，很短的挥发时间内即可制得较理想的气体分离膜。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.