α-酰氨基烃基膦酸二乙酯的合成及其分子结构的测定

氨基膦酸是继氨基酸、氨基磺酸后在生物体中发现的第三类氨基酸,它在生物体中的分布、代谢和功能正在进一步研究中。目前人们正积极开展合成各种天然氨基酸的磷类似物——α-氨基烃基膦酸的肽,且巴发现这类合成肽具有重要的生理活性。在膦肽合成中,α-酰     

光学活性双氨基酸的合成

光学活性的双氨基酸作为一类非天然的氨基酸合成子, 在医药、农药和肽类合成中有着重要的作用. 评述了近年来关于光学活性双氨基酸合成的进展.     

含有络合功能基的非天然氨基酸的设计、合成及在生物活性肽中的应用

设计合成了一类侧链带有络合基团的非天然氨基酸, 即侧链带有N,N-二羧甲基氨甲基、N,N-二酰胺甲基氨甲基和N,N-二羟乙基氨甲基的苯丙氨酸衍生物, 并将这类非天然氨基酸用于促性腺激素释放激素(LHRH)类似物的固相合成. 高效液相色谱分析结果表明, 粗肽的纯度较好, 易于纯化; 用电喷雾质谱测定了多肽的分子量. 这些非天然氨基酸可作为其它肽类药物合成的构建单元.     

2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-3-三甲基硅烷氧基-羧酸三甲基硅烷酯和2-(N-三氟乙酰)-2,3-脱氢氨基酸的合成

利用三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅烷酯, 我们合成了一种新的、化学活性很高的合成中间产物2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-1, 1-二(三甲基硅烷氧基)乙烯。脂肪醛或芳香醛发生碳碳成键的加成反应, 生成β碳原子上带有易离去基团三甲基硅烷氧基、N原子上带有保护基团三氟乙酰基的α氨基酸三甲基硅烷酯。消除反应得到了一个合成α、β脱氢氨基酸的可行途径。这类化合物是合成复杂多肽和肽生物碱的基元物。     

DpenPhos/Rh(I)催化的β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应

本文研究了一类结构可调手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体DpenPhos在Rh(I)催化的E和Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称催化氢化反应中的应用.经过系统的反应条件和配体结构优化,发现N原子上含有H的亚磷酰胺配体与Rh(I)形成的催化剂通常比N原子上不含H的配体表现出更高的反应活性.在E型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,催化剂(R,R)-3k/Rh(I)表现突出,可以实现底物的常压催化氢化,取得了92%～96%的对映选择性,催化剂用量可降低至0.2 mol%;对于Z型β-脱氢氨基酸酯的不对称氢化反应,则(R,R)-3l/Rh(I)为最优催化剂,可以获得92%～98%ee值的氢化产物,特别是对于β-芳基取代衍生物的氢化反应,相应氢化产物的ee值可以达到96%～98%.该类催化剂为天然或非天然光学活性β氨基酸的合成提供了一个简便、高效的方法.     

糖聚肽高分子的合成、自组装及生物医学应用

糖聚肽高分子是一类由聚肽(也称聚氨基酸)和糖类化合物(包括单糖、寡糖和多糖)构成的生物可降解高分子.糖聚肽高分子具有与天然糖蛋白分子类似的化学组成,能够在一定程度上模拟天然糖蛋白的结构和性能,近年来引起了学术界的广泛研究兴趣.本文总结了糖聚肽高分子的合成方法及其在水溶液中的自组装行为,并着重评述了糖聚肽高分子在生物分子识别、靶向基因/药物传输和组织工程支架等生物医学领域中的应用.     

蛋白质的化学全合成

含有非天然氨基酸的蛋白质（如翻译后修饰蛋白质、修饰有探针分子的蛋白质等）是化学生物学中重要的生理活性分子。这些分子难以通过生物表达来获取，而必须使用化学方法来合成。半胱氨酸肽片段连接方法是目前应用于蛋白质化学全合成中的一种重要方法，该方法能够在温和的水溶液中高效地实现肽片段的连接，从而生成天然或者非天然的蛋白质。本文系统地综述了半胱氨酸肽片段连接方法的基本原理，详细讨论了近年来人们对该方法的一些重要改进。最后又介绍了该方法在几类重要的蛋白质分子合成中的代表性应用。     

非天然氨基酸与双肽席夫碱锌配合物的合成与表征

对甲砜基苯丝氨酸;双甘肽;水杨酸;非天然氨基酸与双肽席夫碱锌配合物的合成与表征     

2-[1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)乙基]噻唑-4-甲酸甲酯的合成

以(S)-丝氨酸和N-Boc-(S)-丙氨酸为原料,经酯化、偶合、TBS保护、硫化、脱保护、环合,脱氢等七步反应,合成了对人体肿瘤细胞KB和LoVo具有中等细胞毒性的天然环酯肽Obyanamide的噻唑结构片段2-[1-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)乙基]噻唑-4-甲酸甲酯,其ee值大于98%,总收率为21.4%.     

蜂毒肽C末端片段的反序肽的抗菌活性和溶血活性

设计并合成了具有不同碱性氨基酸残基数和不同疏水性片段链长的基于Mel(12~26)的系列反序肽类似物.结果表明,反序肽的正电荷和疏水性对于抑菌活性都很重要,N端至少保留3个碱性氨基酸(正电荷>4)和C端的疏水性片段的链长至少为8个氨基酸残基的类似物具有较高的抑菌活性,具有较大的抑菌活性的最小反序肽类似物为具有11个氨基酸残基的RetroMel(13~23).这些反序肽的溶血活性都很小.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。