高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定鸡组织中甲基盐霉素残留量

建立了鸡组织中甲基盐霉素的高效液相色谱柱后衍生化分析方法.样品经异辛烷提取,离心后上层有机相过硅胶固相萃取小柱,洗脱液浓缩后用V(甲醇)∶ V(水)=90∶ 10混合液溶解.采用Inertsil ODS-3 C18柱,以V(甲醇): V(乙酸)∶ V(水)=94∶ 3∶ 3为流动相,香草醛为衍生剂进行高效液相色谱柱后衍生分析,520 nm检测,外标法定量.方法检出限为6 μg/kg; 定量限为20 μg/kg; 添加浓度在20～1800 μg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为76.4%～93.1%; 批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.6%～8.9%之间; 批间相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.7%～9.7%之间.样品浓度在0.07～10.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r>0.9993.     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定无糖食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和乳糖

建立了无糖食品中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法.本方法以水提取样品,以Waters Carbohydrate Analysis柱(300 mm×3.9 mm, 10 μm)分离,流动相为水-乙腈(15∶ 85, V/V),电喷雾负离子MRM模式检测.方法的检出限为0.1 g/kg;线性范围为2.5～125.0 mg/L;加标回收率为86.2%～97.7%;相对标准偏差为3.1%～8.7%.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中沃尼妙林残留

建立了鸡组织中沃尼妙林残留的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS /MS) 检测方法.样品用乙腈提取后,过Strata-X-C固相萃取小柱净化.以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(35∶ 65,V/V)为流动相,经Luna C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式对沃尼妙林进行定性与定量分析.采用基质匹配法,对鸡皮肤、肌肉、肾脏和肝脏中沃尼妙林的含量进行标准校正,在5(7.5)～500 μg/kg范围内线性良好(r>0 998),在鸡肝脏中的检出限(LOD)及定量限(LOQ)分别为4.0和7.5 μg/kg;其它3种组织中的LOD及LOQ分别为2.5和5.0 μg/kg.在5(7.5), 50及500 μg/kg添加水平下,4中组织中沃尼妙林的平均回收率为78 5%～104.0%.日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～9.8%,日间相对标准偏差为3.7%～13.2%.     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定饲料中残留的三聚氰胺

饲料样品经1%三氯乙酸-二甲基亚砜提取,Waters Oasis MCX柱净化,超高效液相色谱分离,最终采用电喷雾串联四极杆质谱进行检测。结果表明,三聚氰胺在饲料中的含量范围为10～5000 μg/kg时,线性关系良好(r＞0.99)。在10～100 μg/kg 的添加水平范围内的平均回收率为83%～94%,相对标准偏差为4.2%～6.5%。该方法的检出限为10 μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中5种头孢菌素

建立了用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)测定蜂蜜中5种头孢菌素残留量的方法.蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解,经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化.5种头孢菌素在C18柱上以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱条件下完成分离,电喷雾电离串联质谱在正离子多反应监测模式下进行测定.添加浓度在2～100 μg/kg范围时,回收率为84.2%～103.6%; 相对标准偏差为3.89%～9.08%.本方法头孢唑啉的定量限为10 μg/kg, 头孢匹林、头孢氨苄、头孢洛宁、头孢喹肟的定量限为2.0 μg/kg.     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-串级质谱法测定近岸及河口沉积物中的拟除虫菊酯农药

建立了近岸及河口沉积物中拟除虫菊酯农药的加速溶剂萃取、液相色谱-串级质谱测定方法.以正己烷-丙酮(1∶ 1, V/V)为萃取剂,在萃取温度60℃、压力10.3 MPa下对目标农药进行静态萃取5 min,合并两次萃取的目标农药后浓缩;使用XDB-C18色谱柱、甲醇和2.5 mmol/L乙酸铵的水溶液为流动相进行分离; ESI正离子源、三重串级质谱及多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定.本方法的检出限(3σ)为0.08～0.8 μg/kg; 定量限(10σ)为0.5～2.5 μg/kg; 样品加标回收率在67.9%～97.3%之间; 相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%～8.61% (20.0 μg/kg,n=8),并应用本方法测定福建罗源湾沉积物样品中拟除虫菊酯类农药.本方法的灵敏度高,前处理简单、快速.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肠衣中17种磺胺类药物残留量

建立了一种以13C6-磺胺二甲基嘧啶为内标快速测定肠衣中17种磺胺类药物残留量的方法.样品经过V(乙腈)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶1 混合溶剂提取后,离心,上清液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸发至干,体积分数30%甲醇溶液定容,正己烷除去脂肪,经过滤膜后,进高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱进行分析,内标法定量.方法的回收率在80%～100%之间,相对标准偏差在15.4%以下,定量限为1.0 μg/kg(磺胺脒为2.0 μg/kg),检出限在0.4 μg/kg以下(磺胺脒为1.0 μg/kg).方法适合于大批量样品的快速检测.     

猪肉组织中阿维菌素类药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了以高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测猪肉中阿维菌素、多拉菌素及伊维菌素3种大环内酯类药物残留的分析方法.样品用乙腈提取,经C18柱净化后,高效液相色谱等度分离,采用多反应监测模式,对3种药物在猪肉组织中的残留同时进行定性、定量分析.3种药物在5 ～250 μg/L范围内线性良好(r0.999),在5、10、20 μg/kg添加水平下,3种药物的回收率在84% ～103%,相对标准偏差为1.4% ～12.9%.3种药物的检出限(S/N=3)均达0.5 μg/kg.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中红霉素的残留

研究了水产品中红霉素残留量测定的新方法. 该方法以红霉素同位素标记物(Erythromycin, N, N-Dimethyl-13C2)为内标物, 样品用乙腈提取、正己烷净化. 分析条件为: 以Hypersil C18为色谱分离柱, 甲醇和0.1 mmol/L 乙酸为流动相, 用带有电喷雾离子源的三重四极杆串联质谱测定, 内标法定量. 红霉素在添加量0.5～20.0 μg/kg的范围内, 回收率为87.0%～97.8%, 相对标准偏差小于10%, 方法检出限为0.5 μg/kg.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定鱼体中雪卡毒素

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定鱼体中雪卡毒素P-CTX1含量的方法.鱼类样品经丙酮提取后,用冷冻脱脂,经PSA固相萃取柱净化后, C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾串联四极杆质谱进行检测.结果表明,雪卡毒素在0.5～20 μg/L范围时,线性关系良好(r=0.9998).P-CTX1在添加浓度为1.0～20.0 ng/kg范围内的平均回收率为82.3%～87.2%, 相对标准偏差小于7.8%,方法的定量检出限为0.1 μg/L.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.