高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定水产品中红霉素的残留

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定水产品中红霉素残留量的方法.以红霉素同位素标记物(Erythromycin, N,N-Dimethyl-13C2)为内标,样品用乙腈提取,经正己烷去脂、HLB固相萃取柱净化后,内标法定量.红霉素在添加浓度1.0～20.0 μg/kg范围内,回收率为87.0%～97.8%;日内精密度为3.2%～9.2%;日间精密度为1.3%～4.8%;方法线性范围为1.0～100 μg/L;检出限为1.0 μg/kg.     

动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物残留量的液相色谱串联质谱法测定

建立了动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物N-乙酰氨苯砜的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法(HPLC-ESI MS/MS).采用YMC-Pack Pro C18(3 μm,100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.)反相色谱柱,以碱性乙腈为提取液,以HLB和MCX固相萃取柱为净化柱,乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,以正离子多反应监测模式测定,同位素内标法定量,进样量15 μL.方法的定量下限为0.5 μg/kg,线性范围为0.5 ～5.0 μg/kg,加标回收率为92% ～103%,相对标准偏差为4.8% ～11.0%.该法具有灵敏、准确等优点,适用于动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物N-乙酰氨苯砜残留的确证检测.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肠衣中17种磺胺类药物残留量

建立了一种以13C6-磺胺二甲基嘧啶为内标快速测定肠衣中17种磺胺类药物残留量的方法.样品经过V(乙腈)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶1 混合溶剂提取后,离心,上清液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸发至干,体积分数30%甲醇溶液定容,正己烷除去脂肪,经过滤膜后,进高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱进行分析,内标法定量.方法的回收率在80%～100%之间,相对标准偏差在15.4%以下,定量限为1.0 μg/kg(磺胺脒为2.0 μg/kg),检出限在0.4 μg/kg以下(磺胺脒为1.0 μg/kg).方法适合于大批量样品的快速检测.     

高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定蛋黄粉中硝基呋喃代谢产物

采用固相基质分散技术, 液-液分配净化, 同位素内标定量, 建立了蛋黄粉中呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮等硝基呋喃类药物代谢产物残留的高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法. 方法测定低限为0.5 μg/kg;线性范围为0.5～6.0 μg/kg;室内验证回收率范围为90.06%～109.8%;相对标准偏差2.0%～7.7%. 该方法适用于残留检测实验室对蛋黄粉类基质中硝基呋喃代谢产物的监控检测.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中泰拉霉素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉样品中新型兽药泰拉霉素残留的方法.样品用V(甲醇): V(0.1% H3PO4)=70: 30混合溶液提取,经离心后用PCX固相萃取小柱净化, 以SymmetryC8色谱柱为分离柱,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量.方法的线性范围为10～500 μg/kg,检出限为5.0 μg/kg,在3个浓度水平(10,20和50 μg/kg)进行添加实验,平均回收率为93.1%～105.5%; 批内相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.6%; 批间相对标准偏差为1.8 %～5.6%.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对奶制品中苯甲酸雌二醇残留的测定

建立了测定牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法.样品前处理采用酶解、甲醇提取,经C18和NH2基固相萃取柱净化后,苯甲酸雌二醇由超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分离,并在正离子电离模式和多反应监测模式下,用基质匹配标准校正方法补偿基质效应,以氘代诺龙-d3为内标进行定量检测.牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的检出限分别为0.07、0.39 μg/kg,定量下限分别为0.2、0.95 μg/kg.在4、10 μg/kg加标水平下,牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的回收率为76% ～90%,相对标准偏差为5.0% ～15.2%.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对河豚鱼、鳗鱼及烤鳗中烯丙孕素与氯地孕酮残留的同时测定

建立了同时测定河豚鱼、鳗鱼和烤鳗中烯丙孕素和氯地孕酮的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.样品经30 μL葡萄糖苷酸/硫酸酯酶水解后,采用乙腈提取,经乙腈饱和正己烷溶液去除脂肪后,用HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用Acquity BEH C18柱作为分离柱,以甲醇和乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱.采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫猫,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量.在添加浓度0.5 ～6.0 μg/kg范围内,烯丙孕素和氯地孕酮的回收率为72% ～111%,相对标准偏差为1.6% ～11.7%.烯丙孕素和氯地孕酮在0.5 ～20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.02 μg/L,定量下限为0.5 μg/kg.该方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏度高,可以满足河豚鱼、鳗鱼和烤鳗中烯丙孕素、氯地孕酮残留的确证和定量分析.     

化妆品中氯霉素的气相色谱-质谱快速分析

研究了用气相色谱-质谱分析化妆品中氯霉素(CAP)的方法.以乙酸乙酯作为提取溶剂,BSTFA TMCS(99 1)作为衍生化试剂,在70℃衍生化60min,用GC-MS(NCI)进行测定.方法的检出限为10 μg/kg,线性范围在0.5～500 ng/mL之间,在10、100、500 μg/kg 3个添加水平,方法回收率为94.4%～95.7%,相对标准偏差为0.23%～1.3%.方法操作快速简单,3 h可以完成整个样品分析.方法已用于化妆品中氯霉素的测定.     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱测定血清中红霉胺

建立了人血清中地红霉素活性代谢物红霉胺的高效液相色谱荧光检测方法.用甲基叔丁基醚萃取血清中红霉胺,用NBD-Cl衍生化后于反相C18柱上进行分离测定.流动相为V(0.01 mol/L 磷酸盐缓冲液,pH 6.0)∶ V(乙腈)=80∶ 20混合液,流速为1.0 mL/min,地洛他定为内标,标准曲线的线性范围为0.010～1.245 mg/L,日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于9%.最低定量限为10 μg/L.应用本方法对受试者给予地红霉素后血清中的红霉胺浓度进行了测定.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中5种头孢菌素

建立了用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)测定蜂蜜中5种头孢菌素残留量的方法.蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解,经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化.5种头孢菌素在C18柱上以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱条件下完成分离,电喷雾电离串联质谱在正离子多反应监测模式下进行测定.添加浓度在2～100 μg/kg范围时,回收率为84.2%～103.6%; 相对标准偏差为3.89%～9.08%.本方法头孢唑啉的定量限为10 μg/kg, 头孢匹林、头孢氨苄、头孢洛宁、头孢喹肟的定量限为2.0 μg/kg.     

Sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma

A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to quantify azithromycin in human plasma, using erythromycin as the internal standard (IS). A simple sample preparation method of protein precipitation with methanol was employed. Methanol, acetonitrile and water (12:30:58, v/v/v) were used as the isocratic mobile phase, with 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% ammonium acetate in water. Selected ion monitoring was specific for azithromycin and erythromycin. The assay was linear over the concentration range 4.69-600 ng/mL. The correlation coefficients for the calibration curves ranged from 0.9994 to 0.9998. The intra- and inter-day precisions, calculated from quality control samples, were less than 8.24%. The method was employed in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 500 mg azithromycin dispersible tablet to 20 healthy volunteers.     

Determination of erythromycin base and 2'-acetylerythromycin in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of plasma concentrations of erythromycin base and 2'-acetylerythromycin, an ester prodrug of erythromycin, is described. tert.-Butyl methyl ether extracts of 1-ml plasma samples (pH 10) were chromatographed on a C18 reversed-phase column. A three-electrode coulometric detector (oxidation potentials +0.65 and +0.85 V) was used for quantitation. Oleandomycin was used as an internal standard. The method has good precision and accuracy, is linear in the range 0.25-7.5 mg/l and has proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans. Correlation with a microbiological assay was satisfactory (r greater than or equal to 0.95), but the chromatographic method gave ca. 30% higher values.     

Matrix effect in high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis of antibiotics in environmental water samples

This paper describes the matrix effect during the analysis of ten antibiotic compounds in water by SPE followed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The target analytes were tetracycline, oxytetracycline (tetracyclines), sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine (sulfonamides), erythromycin‐H₂O, roxithromycine, spiramycin (macrolides), ofloxacin, and norfloxacin (quinolones). The matrix effect was examined for internal standards and the target analytes in five different water matrixes, with signal suppression being increased in the order: ultrapure water, tap water, river water, sewage effluent, and sewage influent. A combined application of the internal standards and matrix‐matched extract calibration was shown to be successful in compensating the matrix effect for the analytes. The procedural recovery of the target compounds in sewage effluents and influents was higher than in river water samples, which was further enhanced by sample acidification to pH 2. The validity of the internal standard based matrix‐matched calibration approach was verified by the standard addition method.     

Assay of Erythromycin from Human Serum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

Abstract

A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the determination of serum concentrations of erythromycin A by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Erythromycin was extracted from alkalinized serum samples with methyl t-butyl ether. After evaporation of the ether, the samples were reconstituted in acetonitrile/ammonium acetate and washed with hexane. Aliquots were injected onto a Sepralyte diphenyl column. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile/sodium perchlorate/ammonium acetate/methanol under isocratic conditions. Eluted peaks were detected by dual coulometric electrodes operated in the oxidative screen mode. The recovery of erythromycin from serum was 84%. Assay limit of quantification was 0.05 μg/ml serum, and dynamic linear range was 0.05–1.5 μg/ml. This method was used to quantitate both erythromycin and its gastric degradation products from human serum. Additionally, other macrolide antibiotics could be quantified by electrochemical detection. Analytical results for erythromycin compared favorably with those obtained with a standard microbiological assay.     

Confirmatory method for macrolide residues in bovine tissues by micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A new confirmatory method for three macrolides (tylosin, tilmicosin and erythromycin) in bovine muscle, liver and kidney by micro-LC-MS-MS using an atmospheric pressure ionisation source and an ionspray interface has been developed. Roxithromycin was used as internal standard. The molecular related ions, [M+2H]2+, at m/z 435 for tilmicosin, and [M+H]+, at m/z 734 and 916 for erythromycin and tylosin, respectively, were the precursor ions for collision-induced-dissociation and two diagnostic product ions for each macrolide were identified for the unambiguous confirmation by selected reaction monitoring LC-MS-MS. Precision values (relative standard deviations) were all below 14.9%, whereas the overall accuracy (relative error) ranged from -17.7 to -9.8% for tylosin, from -17.5 to -10.7% for tilmicosin and from -19.6 to -13.7% for erythromycin, in all the investigated bovine tissues. The limits of quantification were 30 (muscle) or 40 (liver, kidney) microg kg(-1), 20 (muscle) or 150 (liver, kidney) microg kg(-1), 50 (muscle, liver) or 80 (kidney) microg kg(-1), 20 (muscle, liver) or 50 (kidney) microg kg(-1) for tylosin, tilmicosin, erytromycin and roxithromycin, respectively.     

Analysis of erythromycin in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the quantitative determination of major erythromycin components and their potential metabolites or degradation products in plasma and urine. An ether extract of alkalized plasma sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase column and the components in the column effluent were monitored by an electrochemical detector. The recovery of the drug from extraction was virtually 100%. The detection limits for erythromycin A in plasma were 5-10 ng/ml and 30 ng/ml using 1 and 0.2 ml of sample, respectively. For urine samples, a simple one-step deproteinization with two volumes of acetonitrile was satisfactory for analysis. The method has been evaluated in plasma and urine from dogs receiving oral or intravenous erythromycin A. The standard curves for potential metabolites or degradation products were not constructed due to the lack of sufficient samples.     

海河底泥中12种抗生素残留的液相色谱串联质谱同时检测

建立了同时检测河流底泥中12种抗生素(4种磺胺类、3种喹诺酮类、2种四环素类、2种大环内酯类、甲氧苄啶)残留的高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法(HPLC-MS/MS)。样品提取过程中以NaF为离子交换剂,经2种提取液逐次提取,合并提取液,正己烷脱脂,萃取物经SAX-HLB固相萃取系统净化浓缩,氮吹,定容。以乙腈和0.3%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行液相色谱分离,以Simatone为内标物,用质谱检测器进行定性和定量分析。12种目标物的检出限为1.0~5.0 ng/g,回收率为65%~91%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~5.1%(n=4)。     

Determination of antibiotics such as macrolides,ionophores and tiamulin in liquid manure by HPLC–MS/MS

A method for the analysis of several macrolide and ionophore antibiotics as well as tiamulin in liquid manure was developed. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry was used for detection.High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the antibiotics was achieved in 35 min. The analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate and the extracts were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction on a diol SPE cartridge. Recovery experiments with spiked liquid manure concentrations varying from 6 to 2,000 microg kg(-1) gave constant recovery rates. The recovery rates for the macrolides erythromycin, roxithromycin and oleandomycin were 75-94%, that for the ionophore salinomycin was 119%, while that for the pleuromutilin tiamulin was 123%, when using a macrolide internal standard. The relative standard deviation was found to be 15-36% and the limits of detection were 0.4-11.0 micro g kg(-1).The maximum concentrations found in manure samples were 43 micro g kg(-1) for tiamulin and 11 micro g kg(-1) for salinomycin.     

Validation of erythromycin microbiological assay using an alternative experimental design

The agar diffusion method, widely used in antibiotic dosage, relates the diameter of the inhibition zone to the dose of the substance assayed. An experimental plan is proposed that may provide better results and an indication of the assay validity. The symmetric or balanced assays (2 x 2) as well as those with interpolation in standard curve (5 x 1) are the main designs used in the dosage of antibiotics. This study proposes an alternative experimental design for erythromycin microbiological assay with the evaluation of the validation parameters of the method referring to linearity, precision, and accuracy. The design proposed (3 x 1) uses 3 doses of standard and 1 dose of sample applied in a unique plate, aggregating the characteristics of the 2 x 2 and 5 x 1 assays. The method was validated for erythromycin microbiological assay through agar diffusion, revealing its adequacy to linearity, precision, and accuracy standards. Likewise, the statistical methods used demonstrated their accordance with the method concerning the parameters evaluated. The 3 x 1 design proved to be adequate for the dosage of erythromycin and thus a good alternative for erythromycin assay.