再生纸与原纸中矿物油成分的LC-GC-MS检测及鉴别

利用在线液相色谱-气相色谱-质谱法(LC-GC-MS)检测再生纸和原纸中的矿物油成分,结合多元统计分析,研究了再生纸和原纸的差异性并进行鉴别。利用正己烷-乙醇(1∶1)溶液提取纸样中矿物油成分,通过在线液相色谱-气相色谱-质谱法分析提取物,并对色谱图进行解卷积和保留时间对齐处理,结合主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)方法筛选再生纸和原纸的差异性物质,并对两种纸样进行鉴别。结果表明,基于纸张中矿物油成分,使用多元统计分析可以清楚地区分再生纸和原纸。再生纸与原纸中的差异性物质有:芳香烃矿物油(MOAH)馏分中的二异丙基萘同分异构体、四甲基联苯同分异构体、二甲基联苯同分异构体、异丙基联苯同分异构体,饱和烃矿物油(MOSH)馏分中碳原子数为25～33的正构烷烃。     

GC-MS与正交投影法或渐进窗口正交投影法用于羌活挥发油成分的测定

中药化学组成的定性定量测定是药物活性理论的基础,联用色谱及其相关的化学计量学方法为中药复杂体系的分离和分辨提供了强有力的工具.采用GC-MS法对传统中药羌活中的挥发油成分进行了分离测定,并对其中重叠色谱峰根据其重叠程度,采用迭代的正交投影法(OPA)和非迭代的渐进窗口正交投影法(EWOP)进行了分辨,得到每个组分的纯色谱和光谱曲线,共分辨出98个色谱峰,通过质谱库检索得到其中65个组分的定性定量结果,占总含量的92.13%.     

6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚的合成

以2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、多聚甲醛和三氯氧磷为原料,在四氯化碳溶剂中合成了6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚并确定较佳的工艺条件,分别考察了物料配比、反应温度、反应时间和相转移催化剂用量对反应收率的影响。确定较佳工艺为:在四氯化碳溶剂中,反应温度为40℃,2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚用量为60 g,多聚甲醛12 g,浓盐酸30 g,相转移催化剂4 g,三氯氧磷40 g。在上述条件下,6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚的收率为95%,纯度>99%(HPLC面积归一化法),产品结构经IR、MS和~1H-NMR表征。     

抗氧化剂1790合成反应的研究

以6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚和氰尿酸三钠盐为原料,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中合成1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮(抗氧化剂1790),确定较佳的缩合工艺条件。考察了溶剂种类及用量、物料配比、反应温度及时间对反应收率的影响。实验结果表明:在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为2.5 h,n(6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚)/n(氰尿酸三钠盐)=3.2∶1,产品收率为89%,纯度99%(HPLC面积归一化法)。产品结构经IR、MS和~1H-NMR表征。     

UPLC-MS/MS同时检测染发剂中三种二氨基酚类物质

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱( UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测染发剂中三种二氨基酚类物质(2,4-二氨基苯酚盐酸盐、2,4-二氨基苯甲醚盐酸盐、2,3-二氨基苯酚)含量的方法.样品经0.1％甲酸水溶液提取,正己烷净化后,用Waters ACQUITY BEH Shield RP18色谱柱进行分离,流动相为甲醇和5 m...     

气相色谱–质谱法测定食品接触材料聚苯醚中2,6-二甲基苯酚的迁移量

建立食品接触材料聚苯醚中2,6-二甲基苯酚迁移量的气相色谱–质谱检测方法。将聚苯醚样品加至食品模拟液中,于60℃下迁移2 h,再用乙酸乙酯提取。进样口温度为180℃,初始温度为80℃,保持2 min,以20℃/min升温至200℃,保持2 min,再升温至240℃,经DB–WAX气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱法测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。2,6-二甲基苯酚的质量浓度在0.01～0.5 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.01 mg/L。用4%乙酸、10%乙醇、95%乙醇和异辛烷分别进行加标回收试验,方法的回收率为91.7%～104.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.11%～4.63%(n=6)。该方法为检测食品接触材料中2,6-二甲基苯酚迁移含量测定提供了准确、可靠的方法。     

硫杂蒽酮的合成和表征

为了寻求合成硫杂蒽酮的高效新方法,以2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸和苯酚为原料,硫酸为溶剂和催化剂,考察了沸石分子筛、Al2O3和P2O5、温度、原料的物质的量之比、反应时间对反应收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,推测了可能的反应过程;进而以2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸和相应的苯衍生物为原料,在H2SO4-P2O5体系中于最佳反应条件下制备了13个硫杂蒽酮类化合物,并利用柱色谱分离以及红外光谱与核磁共振谱对产物进行表征.结果表明,在反应体系中引入P2O5有利于促进反应的完成;最佳反应条件为:温度70℃、2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸/苯衍生物物质的量之比1∶6、反应时间6h.邻苯二酚与二硫代水杨酸的反应产物——化合物11(a)和11(b)为同分异构体.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定染发剂中11种氨基苯酚

建立了高效液相色谱测定直接型与氧化型染发剂中11种氨基苯酚含量的分析方法。样品在亚硫酸氢钠的保护下用甲醇提取,高速冷冻离心净化;采用Agilent Zorbax SB C18色谱柱分离,流动相为5 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠-40 mmol/L pH 2.8磷酸盐缓冲液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,11种氨基苯酚分别于230、270和400 nm下检测。11种氨基苯酚在0.05～500 mg/L线性范围内相关系数不小于0.9992,4-氨基-3-硝基苯酚、2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚、3-硝基-4-(2-羟乙基)氨基苯酚的方法定量限为5 mg/kg,其他8种氨基苯酚包括对氨基苯酚、对甲氨基苯酚、间氨基苯酚、邻氨基苯酚、5-氨基-2-甲基苯酚、4-氨基-3-甲基苯酚、2-甲基-5-(2-羟乙基)氨基苯酚和2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚定量限为20 mg/kg,方法回收率为88.5%～109.5%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～8.3%。测定了多种市售染发剂,结果表明该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于直接型与氧化型染发剂中11种氨基苯酚的测定。     

完全重叠色谱峰的二维微分色谱解析算法

利用完全重叠的色谱峰中同时消失的两组分的浓度变化速率差异，通过二维数据微分色谱法获取被掩盖组份的近似光谱，以解析完全重叠的色谱体系，将该法应用于维生素Ｃ和菸酸两组份完全重叠的二维色谱之分辨，结果令人满意，分辨光谱与标准光谱重合甚好。     

全氟萘烷中主次组分定性及定量分析

对全氟碳化合物(PFC)-全氟萘烷主次组分进行了结构鉴别及定量分析检测研究。通过气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对其结构进行了解析,确证了全氟萘烷及其主要杂质全氟甲基环己烷、全氟-1,3-二甲基环己烷、全氟丁基环己烷结构。通过优化GC检测条件,建立了全氟萘烷含量归一化检测方法,并对该方法进行了验证,为全氟萘烷产品检测及质量控制提供了参考。     

交替三线性分解二阶校正法结合高效液相色谱同时测定合成样与增效联磺片中的磺胺嘧啶及磺胺甲噁唑

利用交替三线性分解(ATLD)二阶校正法与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)联用技术相结合,取色谱洗脱时间为1.0770～1.6237 min(间隔1/75 min),紫外吸收波长为230～316 nm(间隔2 nm),同时测定了在未知干扰物(磺胺(SN))共存下,合成样与增效联磺片中色谱及光谱皆严重重叠的磺胺嘧啶(SD)和磺胺甲噁唑(SM)的含量.当算法因子数N选定为3时,SD与SM的平均回收率分别为98.6±1.4%和100.7±3.7%; 当N=4时,SD与SM的平均回收率分别为101.2±2.1%和96.3±2.8%,增效联磺片中SD和SM的解析含量分别为195 mg/tablet和197 mg/tablet(N=3)以及198 mg/tablet,193 mg/tablet(N=4)(SD和SM药品标示含量均为200 mg/tablet),测定结果与实际结果相一致.     

交替三线性分解算法与HPLC-DAD相结合用于硝基苯类化合物的二阶校正

硝基苯类化合物是重要的有机化工原料,可用作染料、制药、橡胶和炸药等的生产原料或中间体．工厂在生产过程中所排放的含有硝基苯类的废水会污染环境水体,因此对硝基苯类含量进行测定具有重要的意义．目前,测定方法主要采用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法．     

纳米TiO2异相光催化降解2,6-二甲酚中间过程的UV吸收光谱和荧光光谱示踪研究

用半导体纳米材料(如TiO₂,SnO₂,CdS等)进行光降解消除污染物因其能最大限度利用太阳能和降解完全(有机质最终全部转化为CO₂,H₂O等)以及降解速率高的特点被认为是环境科学的新领域。异相光催化降解是有机物作为电子供体捕获TiO₂表面光生空穴自身被氧化降解的过程,因TiO₂价带空穴所具有强的氧化性,一般有机物都可进行光化学反应^[1]。这一过程总是以一系列的中间反应步骤所构成,中间体形成的峰形动力学曲线及其异于原初态的光谱特性对揭示光催化降解动力学过程至为重要。本文主要对2,6-二甲酚-纳米TiO₂悬浮体系光降解动态分子光谱进行示踪研究。     

Study on Highly Selective Photochemical Fluorescence Method Based on Monitoring the Photodegradation Intermediate

General methods for phenol and substitutive phenol in mixing samples could only determine total amount due to the similarity of their UV/vis and fluorescence spectra characteristics.In this paper a highly selective photochemical fluorescence (PCF) method for 2,6-dimethylphenol determination was developed. The method was based on monitoring the photodegradation intermediate of 2,6-dimethylphenol on nanosize meter TiO₂ surface. The fluorescence intensity of the intermediate was enhanced in CHCI₃ medium and there has a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and concentration of 2,6-dimethylphenol. While other phenolic compounds such as phenol,4-methylphenol,o-aminophenol and so on did not interfere.     

Oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol catalysed by insoluble polymer copper complexes

Catalysis by insoluble polymerCu complexes was studied for the oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol. The polymerization was heterogeneously catalysed by the insoluble complex. The catalyst was readily recovered by filtration and could be re-used. Compared with the homogeneous system, the catalytic activity and the molecular weight of the produced polymer were lower for the insoluble polymerCu complex because of steric hindrance, low flexibility of the ligand part and low concentration of the effective copper ion.     

Identification of essential components of Houttuynia cordata by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the integrated chemometric approach

Starting with Biller-Biemann's work [J.E. Biller, K. Biemann, Anal. Lett. 7 (1974) 515], various kinds of approaches have been proposed to extract GC/MS data to obtain pure components responses. In this paper, an integrated chemometric approach is proposed, which combine four sequential steps, data pretreatment, component perception, resolution and component identification, and then the proposed approach is manipulated to analyze the essential oils of a herbal medicine named Houttuynia cordata (HC). On the basis of the selective information obtained from both chromatograms and mass spectra, the proposed integrated chemometric approach can resolve the two-way GC/MS responses matrix into pure chromatograms and mass spectra without any model assumption on the peak shape. The resolution results obtained from HC samples demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach and indicate that it may be a promising one for analyzing complex chromatograms.     

利用原位红外光谱技术研究2,6二甲基苯酚在金电极上的电化学聚合机理

利用原位LPSIRS技术获得氢氧化钠甲醇溶液中2,6-二甲基苯酚在金电极上电聚合的红外光谱信息, 从而推测2,6-二甲基苯酚在金电极上电聚合机理是一系列交替着的离子、游离基步骤。     

Distinction between melanins derived from different precursors using pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the NIST mass spectral search algorithm

A method was required to objectively determine whether various melanins were synthesised from different precursors, and whether synthesis from the same precursor was reproducible. Melanins have a complex, heterogeneous, polymeric structure, making them difficult to characterise and compare. Pyrolysis chromatography may be useful for such large molecules that are not amenable to analysis by other methods, but the resulting chromatograms are usually complex and difficult to compare. Techniques used to objectively differentiate between such chromatograms often employ statistical methods that are difficult to use and interpret without specialised knowledge. Melanins were analysed by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY/GC/MS). Software was developed to automate the conversion of the resulting total ion current (TIC) chromatograms to pseudo-mass spectra (PMS), consisting of a row vector of chromatographic peak areas (analogous to ion abundances) ordered along a retention time axis (analogous to m/z ratio). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) mass spectral search program, which is used widely as an objective measure of the degree of similarity between mass spectra, was then used to generate match factors for comparisons of the generated PMS. Match factors between melanins synthesised from the same precursors were not significantly different, while match factors between melanins synthesised from different precursors were significantly smaller. The reproducibility of the pyrolysis technique was reasonable, with the majority of relative standard deviation (RSD) values of match factors from melanins synthesised from the same precursor, being below 10% (n=5 for each melanin type). While the method does not allow the unequivocal identification of individual melanin types in isolation, it can be used to compare melanins from different sources and objectively estimate the degree of similarity between them on the basis of significant differences between their pyrograms.     

A new technique (COMSPARI) to facilitate the identification of minor compounds in complex mixtures by GC/MS and LC/MS: tools for the visualization of matched datasets

In the rapidly growing field of metabolomics, it is common to analyze complex biological samples by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While several techniques are available for the detection of significant peaks in individual samples, it is still difficult to determine small differences between similar samples. Using conventional software, visual inspections of individual chromatograms or individual mass spectra are often of little use because the differences in the composition of small molecules are too small to be recognizable. Thus, we developed a new approach to visualizing mass spectral datasets using a tool that allows one to easily detect these small differences between mass spectra and chromatograms derived from matched samples. Using these tools on extracts from wild-type and methyltransferase knockout strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we were able to readily identify those mass spectra in our data sets that were different between the wild-type and the knockout extracts and to identify the molecules involved. The software was also successfully applied to a set of LC/MS data from peptide digests that were performed with identical substrates but different enzymes. We have named this visualization tool COMSPARI (COMparision of SPectrAl Retention Information) and are making the software publicly available via Internet at.     

Automated screening of food and water samples for pesticide residues by means of capillary GC-MSD using a library of pesticide spectra and macro programming

Automatic pesticide screening has been performed by use of a macro program to compare mass spectra acquired during GC-MS with those in designated mass spectral libraries containing a limited number of target compounds. The automated evaluation procedure has enabled fast recognition of pesticides in complex chromatograms.