微波提取对挥发油化学成分的影响

采用无溶剂微波辅助提取与微波水蒸气蒸馏法提取薄荷叶和花椒挥发油,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析挥发油化学成分,与传统的水蒸气蒸馏对比,考察了微波对挥发油化学成分的影响.结果表明,微波促使薄荷叶挥发油中的薄荷醇氧化,转变为长叶薄荷酮和少量的薄荷呋喃酮.花椒挥发油中的按油素等化合物受质子的催化,在长时间温度较高的提取条件...     

减压提取与常压提取柴胡挥发油品质比较

对比减压和常压条件下提取的柴胡挥发油在成分、含量及药效方面的差异,考察挥发油的品质,优选提取方法.采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析柴胡挥发油成分及其相对含量,再采用气相色谱法建立挥发油中己醛、庚醛、正辛醛和反式-2,4-癸二烯醛的含量检测方法,测定不同压力下提取的柴胡挥发油有效成分含量,通过背部皮下注射酵母混...     

微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定矮化芳樟枝叶挥发油成分

采用微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取法对矮化芳樟枝或叶中挥发油进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱法测定其中的挥发油成分。所得结果与传统蒸汽蒸馏提取法数据对比,两种方法所得枝叶挥发油主要成分和含量基本相同;但微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取法仅需37.5min即可达到最高提取率。     

赤芍及其相关药对中挥发油成分的研究

运用微波辅助萃取从赤芍及其相关药对中提取了挥发油,通过GC-MS检测,确定了主要成分及相对含量。结果表明,赤芍挥发油主要成分是水杨醛,在赤芍-川芎药对挥发油中它仍占较大比重。微波辅助萃取大大缩短了提取时间和提高了提取效率。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析橡苔浸膏中的挥发性化学成分

 用挥发油提取器提取橡苔浸膏中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,鉴定出24种化合物,共占挥发油总量的83%以上     

山苍子雄花和雌花挥发油的提取及成分分析

山苍子的根、叶和果实中均含有精油,山苍子油的主要成分为柠檬醛。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取山苍子花挥发油,对雄花和雌花分别提取。并利用GC-MS气质联用仪对两组挥发油进行分析检测,确定其化学成分及相对百分含量。从雄花挥发油中鉴定出43种成分(占挥发油总含量的88.15%),从雌花挥发油中鉴定出30种成分(占挥发油总量的85.53%)。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定黄兰中挥发油化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界萃取法、微波辅助提取法与超声波辅助萃取法等4种提取方法提取黄兰挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油化学成分作了鉴定和测定.结果显示从水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界萃取法、微波辅助提取法与超声波辅助萃取法所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了36,35,25和26种化合物.用面积归一法测定了4种挥发油中各种化学成分的相对百分含量,各占总峰面积的92.62%,91.46%,93.18%和95.53%.虽然不同提取方法所得的4种挥发油化学成分有所不同,但其中有20种化合物包括β-荜澄茄烯、大根香叶烯D、丁香烯氧化物、丁香烯等为4种挥发油提取物所共有.     

微波辅助提取-气相色谱质谱联用测定肉桂中的挥发油

利用非极性溶剂微波辅助提取(NPSMAE)-气相色谱质谱联用研究了肉桂中的挥发油成分, 并测定了挥发油中的主要成分肉桂醛(Cinnamaldehyde)的含量. 考察了NPSMAE提取溶剂的种类、提取温度、提取时间及固液比等对测定的影响, 同时将NPSMAE与超声波辅助提取(UAE)及水蒸气蒸馏(HD)等方法进行了比较. 结果表明, 与常规提取方法相比, NPSMAE具有提取时间短、提取产率高等优点, 是一种实用的中药挥发油提取方法.     

不同提取方法对蜘蛛香挥发油的研究

考察微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法对提取蜘蛛香挥发油化学成分的影响。分别采用微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取蜘蛛香挥发油,并用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)对所提取的挥发油化学成分进行分析。微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法制得的蜘蛛香挥油化学成分有一定的差别。     

微波辅助条件下鱼腥草中癸酰乙醛的高效提取

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,在微波辅助条件下提取鱼腥草挥发油,考察了微波温度、功率及时间对鱼腥草挥发油提取率及鱼腥草素(癸酰乙醛)含量的影响,探讨了鱼腥草挥发油储存过程中癸酰乙醛的化学转化。研究发现,在温度80℃、功率1 000 W及时间12min的微波辅助条件下,鱼腥草挥发油的提取率高达0.66%,挥发油中癸酰乙醛的含量高达60.78%。在微波辅助条件下,较低的提取温度及快速提取有效避免了癸酰乙醛的氧化分解是其高效提取的根本原因,鱼腥草挥发油中存在癸酰乙醛与其二聚物的动态平衡是癸酰乙醛长时间保持稳定的主要原因。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。