2－戊酮、芳香醛与芳香胺的Mannich反应

２－戊酮、芳香醛与芳香胺的Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应邹君华，易林（西南师范大学化学系，重庆６３０７１５）关键词Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，芳香醛，芳香胺，２－戊酮８０年代以前，一般认为芳香胺与甲醛及含有α－氢的酮不能发生Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应￣［１，２，３］，相应的Ｍａ...     

Theoretical Studies on the Mechanism of Mannich Reaction Involving Iminium Salt as Potential Mannich Reagent(4)——Use 2-Methylpropaldehyde as Pseudo-acid Component

以一个真实的Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ试剂（ＣＨ３）２Ｎ＋ＣＨ２·Ｃｌ－作为研究对象．根据ＡＭ１方法的计算结果，胺、醛及伪酸在中性和酸性介质中的经典Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应的关键步骤的活化能分别为３９０．０和３２１．８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．而由新Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ试剂参与的Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应的关键步骤活化能则为２７８．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．因此新Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ试剂可以提高反应速率，还分析了新Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ试剂能降低反应活化能的原因．此外还讨论了另一种可大大降低活化能的新Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应机理本文是研究Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应机理的系列文章之一．     

N-取代氮杂冠醚的合成和络合萃取性能研究进展

综述了N-取代氮杂冠醚的合成和对金属离子的选择性络合和萃取研究的新进展.     

氮杂冠醚研究Ⅶ,双仲胺型氮杂冠醚对过渡金属离子的选择性萃取…

合成了五种新型双仲胺型氮杂冠醚，研究了它们对过渡金属离子进行液－液萃取，并用原子吸收不测定其浓度。实验结果表明：这类冠醚对Ａｇ＾＋，Ｐｄ＾２＾＋，和Ｐｔ＾４＾＋等贵金属离子有较强的选择配位性能，对选择性分离这些金属离子有重要的意义。     

氮杂冠醚研究Ⅺ．叔胺型氮杂冠醚的合成

１１种酰胺型氮杂冠醚用ＬｉＡｌＨ４－ＴＨＦ体系还原，高收率地合成了新的叔胺型氮杂冠醚；通过２，３－苯并－１０－氮杂－１，４，７，１３－四氧杂环十五－２－烯与丙烯腈进行氰乙基化反应，同样制得了一种新的叔胺型氮杂冠醚。１２种新化合物的结构均经元素分析、ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和ＭＳ所证实。讨论了这类氮杂冠醚的质谱裂解过程     

氮杂冠醚接枝壳聚糖的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文利用壳聚糖Ｃ２位上活泼的氨基先与苯醛反应制备成保护氨基的Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱壳聚糖,再将含环氧基的氮杂冠醚接枝到壳聚糖的Ｃ６位上,制得含Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱的氮杂冠醚壳聚糖,随后使其在一定条件下脱去苯甲醛,合成了一种含氮杂冠醚功能基的新型壳聚糖衍生物,研究了其重金属离子Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋的静态吸附性能。结果表明,该吸附剂对重金属离子具有较强的吸附能力,在Ｐｈ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、     

N—芳基—α—氨基苄基膦酸的合成及对钢铁的缓蚀性能研究

Ｎ－芳基－α－氨基苄基膦酸的合成及对钢铁的缓蚀性能研究朱传方高新蕾肖海燕（华中师范大学化学系武汉４３００７０）用于金属螯合和缓蚀的含氮烃基膦酸主要是应用甲醛、胺、亚磷酸酯（或亚磷酸）通过Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应得到［１，２］而应用其它的醛尤其芳醛与胺合成膦...     

大环硫氮冠醚金属配合物的研究──Ⅱ．1，4，10，13－四硫－7，16－二氮杂环十八烷硝酸铜配合物的合成、结构及立体化学

作为系统研究大环硫氮杂冠醚配合物的第二部分，合成了四硫二氮杂环十八冠的硝酸铜配合物［Ｃｕ（Ｃ＿（１２）Ｈ＿（２６）Ｎ＿２Ｓ＿４）］·（ＮＯ＿３）＿２·Ｈ＿２Ｏ，测定了元素分析和红外光谱。利用Ｘ－射线衍射分析方法，测定其晶体结构。晶体学参数ａ＝１７．５７６（４），ｂ＝１１．７５３（３），ｃ＝１０．４８５（５），Ｖ＝２１６３．９（７），Ｚ＝４，Ｄ＿ｃ＝１．６３２ｇ／ｃｍ￣３，Ｆ（０００）＝１１０８，μ＝１．４２ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＭｏＫα），最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０３２和Ｒｗ＝０．０３４。晶体测定结果表明：有杂原子组成的四硫二氮大环冠醚比含氧冠醚有更大的柔变性；四硫二氮大环冠醚与Ｃｕ离子配位前后，大环的构象发生了变化。     

氮杂冠醚研究Ⅶ、双仲胺型氮杂冠醚对过渡金属离子的选择性萃取作用

合成了五种新型双仲胺型氦杂冠醚，研究了它们对过渡金属离子进行液—液萃取，并用原子吸收法测定其浓度。实验结果表明：这类冠醚对Ａｇ￣＋、Ｐｄ￣（２＋）、和Ｐｔ￣（４＋）等贵金属离子有较强的选择配位性能，对选择性分离这些金属离子有重要的意义。     

羧酸冠醚的合成

羧酸冠醚的合成吴琳，王志林，卞清，张进琪，朱春生（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）曹建国（盐城师专化学系）关键词冠醚，离子迁移羧酸冠醚环上的羧基，对冠醚环的选择输送金属离子起着协同的作用。近十余年来，将羧酸冠醚选择萃取金属离子的能力应用于金属离子的液...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。