薄层色谱扫描法测定复印纸中单糖的研究

建立了通过薄层色谱扫描法测定复印纸样品水解液中的单糖含量鉴别纸张的新方法。复印纸样品水解后点样在以丙酮处理过的硅胶G薄层板上,以V(正丁醇)∶V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(异丙醇)∶V(乙酸)∶V(吡啶)∶V(水)=7∶20∶12∶7∶6∶5为展开剂,以苯胺-草酸为显色剂,测定了单糖的Rf值,以双波长反射吸收锯齿扫描测定(λS=510 nm,λS=610 nm),外标法定量。该法的线性关系较好,木糖和葡萄糖的检出线分别为4.1、2.5 ng,混合单糖标准品在同一薄层板上的峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%和2.1%,两种单糖的样品加标回收率为98.09%和98.18%。该方法具有分离效果好,操作简便,可用于复印纸样品水解液中两种单糖的同时测定,从而为法庭科学中复印纸的检验提供了可靠的依据。     

薄层层析法测定纤维素材料水解液中混合糖的研究

提出了用薄层层析测定纤维素材料水解液混合糖中单糖和各种多糖的含量，以硅胶G为固体吸附剂，以玻璃为支撑物，制成薄层析。以V正丁醇：V37％乙酸：V水＝3：2：2为展开剂，以苯胺－草酸为显色剂，分离效果良好，可完成定性和定量分析任务。     

中药大黄多糖中单糖组成的毛细管区带电泳分析

以1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)为单糖的衍生化试剂,建立毛细管区带电泳(CZE)同时分离分析8种常见还原单糖PMP衍生物的方法。将该方法用于中药大黄多糖(RTP)的单糖组成及其摩尔比率的测定。结果表明,在pH 10.8和150 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液、10kV分离电压、25℃柱温的优化条件下,8种单糖衍生物实现了良好的分离,并证实RTP由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸5种单糖组成,其摩尔比为8.01∶5.01∶30.30∶1.00∶1.56;样品测定回收率为96.4%~105.3%。该方法灵敏、快速、准确,可用于中药RTP的组成分析。     

高效阴离子交换-脉冲安培检测同时分析单糖和糖醛酸

建立了高效阴离子交换-脉冲安培检测(HPAE-PAD)同时分离测定8种单糖和2种糖醛酸的分析方法。以CarboPacPA20阴离子交换柱为分离柱,以2mmol/LNaOH溶液将8种单糖从分离柱上洗脱,而后用NaAc(50~200mmol/L)梯度淋洗2种糖醛酸,淋洗液流速为0.5mL/min,总分析时间为30min。在优化的分离测定条件下,8种单糖和2种糖醛酸的检出限为2.5~14.4μg/L(进样体积25μL,峰面积定量)。5mg/L的10种化合物的混合标准溶液连续7次进样,峰面积的相对标准偏差为0.3%~1.5%。用所建立的方法测定了多糖水解液和木材半纤维素水解液中的单糖和糖醛酸含量。     

薄层扫描法测定洋金花中3种莨菪生物碱的研究

在硅胶G薄层板上,以甲苯 丙酮 无水乙醇 氨水=体积比(15∶10∶7∶2)为展开剂,用改良碘化铋钾与KI I2混合液作为显色剂,采用双波长薄层扫描法实现了中药材洋金花中3种莨菪生物碱(山莨菪碱、阿托品、东莨菪碱)的同时分离和测定。平均加标回收率在105%～107%之间。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析海带岩藻聚糖的单糖及糖醛酸组成

建立了一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定海带中岩藻聚糖的单糖及糖醛酸组成的方法.岩藻聚糖经4 mol/L三氟乙酸降解后,用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)进行衍生化,并采用配有紫外检测器的反相高效液相色谱仪在250 nm波长下进行测定,实现了7种单糖和糖醛酸的良好分离.结果表明:该岩藻聚糖样品由5种单糖和2种...     

秸秆稀酸水解液的气相色谱／质谱法研究

在秸秆两步稀酸水解工艺中,用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法对其水解液中的单糖成分进行测定,采用2%硼氢化钠的氨溶液将稀酸水解液中的单糖还原成糖醇,然后在甲基咪唑催化剂的作用下和乙酸酐在水相中直接反应生成乙酰化的糖醇,用二氯甲烷萃取后进行GC/MS测定.研究结果表明:秸秆稀酸水解液中有五种单糖,主要是木糖和葡萄糖,其次是阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和少量的甘露糖;利用此方法测定了一批秸秆稀酸水解液,得到了该秸秆稀酸水解过程的最佳的反应时间.该方法可快速、准确测定秸秆稀酸水解液中单糖的浓度,为水解工艺的研究提供一种有效的分析方法.     

HPLC法同时测定鸡腿菇水解液中单糖及多糖的研究

建立了HPLC法测定鸡腿菇水解液中单糖、低聚糖及多糖含量的分析方法.选用Aminex HPX-87H柱,示差折光检测器,柱温50 ℃,5 mmol/L的硫酸为流动相,流速0.4 mL/min,进样量20 μL,外标法定量.结果表明,单糖、低聚糖及多糖均得到较好分离,其峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数r~2值为0.991 2 ～0.999 7,回收率为98% ～106%.采用HPLC-示差法与气相色谱法测定多糖、低聚糖及单糖相比,样品无需衍生处理,过滤后可直接进样检测.该法可同时测定原料水解液中可能存在的主要单糖、低聚糖及多糖.     

藏药蕨麻多糖水解单糖的毛细管区带电泳分离研究

以1-萘基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(NMP)为柱前衍生试剂,探讨了毛细管区带电泳模式下对藏药蕨麻多糖水解液中单糖的分离条件。实验采用58.5 cm×50μm i.d.毛细管(有效长度50 cm),55 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=9.46),柱温20℃,分离电压22 kV,进样10 s。该法不加任何添加剂,9种单糖可高效、快速基线分离,实现了对藏药蕨麻多糖水解液中单糖的分离和定量分析,结果令人满意。     

糖及土豆淀粉水解液的鉴定——薄层层析法

1.掌握薄层层析实验方法 2.应用此方法进行糖及土豆淀粉水解液的鉴定。薄层层析是一种微量而快速的层析方法。此方法是将吸附剂在玻璃板上涂成薄层经干燥活化后,把待分析的样品溶液点到薄层上,然后用合适的溶剂展开,展开后再将薄层板取出晾干,喷显色剂及计算它们的Rf值就可将待测物质鉴定出来。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.