液相色谱-串联质谱法检测辐照蛋白类功能食品中酪氨酸同分异构体

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)同时检测辐照蛋白类功能食品中邻酪氨酸(o-Tyrosine)和间酪氨酸(m-Tyrosine)的分析方法。样品在氮气环境下经6 mol/L盐酸酸解过夜,酸解液再经氮气吹干,1 mL水复溶后,用Phenomenex Kinetex PFP色谱柱分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾负离子(ESI-)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。酪氨酸同分异构体与基质干扰峰得到良好的分离,在0.005~1.0 mg/L浓度范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性系数(r2)不低于0.999。在乳清粉和乳清蛋白粉中添加3种浓度水平的酪氨酸同分异构体,平均加标回收率为81.8%~98.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)低于8.0%,方法定量下限(LOQ)和检出限(LOD)分别为5.0,8.0μg/kg和1.5,2.4μg/kg。将该方法应用于实际样品分析,表明辐照剂量与辐照蛋白类功能食品中o-Tyrosine和m-Tyrosine含量存在相关性,符合拟合多项式(r20.98)。该方法可对蛋白类功能食品是否经过辐照给予定性鉴定,从而为辐照蛋白类功能食品中辐照标志物的检测方法研究提供理论依据。     

薄层色谱-热辅助水解甲基化-气相色谱法测定生物柴油中的甘油酯

建立了薄层色谱-热辅助水解甲基化-气相色谱法测定生物柴油中残余甘油酯含量的方法.样品中的甘油酯经薄层色谱分离,萃取后与三甲基氢氧化硫(0.1 mol/L)各3 μL先后加入到样品杯中,在350℃下,于裂解器中进行衍生化反应,气相色谱测定生成的脂肪酸甲酯,确定甘油酯的含量.生物柴油中常见的甘油一酯、二酯、三酯在60～20...     

HPLC-MS/MS检测含蛋白质辐照食品中的邻酪氨酸

应用液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC- MS/MS )技术建立了含蛋白质辐照食品中邻酪氨酸的检测方法.样品经胰蛋白酶于37℃水解过夜,正己烷去脂,乙酸锌沉淀蛋白净化后,HPLC-MS/MS检测.方法的定量下限为0.1 mg/kg,邻酪氨酸在0.1,0.5,1.0 mg/kg加标水平的回收率为80%-97%,相对标准偏差(R...     

加速溶剂萃取/GC-MS法对辐照肉类食品中2-十二烷基环丁酮的检测

应用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)/气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术建立了辐照肉类食品中2-十二烷基环丁酮(2-DCB)的检测方法.采用加速溶剂萃取法从辐照过的肉类样品中提脂,萃取液加入乙腈后冰箱冷冻去除脂肪,LC-Si固相萃取小柱净化,氮气吹干后加入内标定容,于GC-MS仪上测定,在0.1 ～0.4 μg/g(以脂肪计)范围内的回收率为78% ～92%,RSD小于11%,定量下限为0.1 μg/g(以脂肪计).同时采用该方法对辐照剂量为1 ～8 kGy的猪肉、鸡肉和鱼肉进行检测,再次证明了辐照剂量与脂肪中2-DCB含量存在线性相关关系.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定人血浆3-硝基酪氨酸含量

建立了人血浆中痕量3-硝基酪氨酸的高效液相色谱-荧光检测法. 血浆经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,上清液用氮气吹干,残渣复溶后过C18固相萃取小柱净化浓缩,洗脱液再用氮气吹干,残渣进行荧光衍生化反应.采用高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量.3-硝基酪氨酸在0.50～50.0 nmol/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9999;样品加标绝对回收率为89.3%～91.9%,相对回收率为99.2%～107.9%;日内相对标准偏差为1.46%～4.79%,日间相对标准偏差为2.75%～9.20%;在血浆中检出限为0.25 nmol/L;测定正常人血浆中3-硝基酪氨酸平均浓度为118 nmol/L(n=21),Ⅱ型糖尿病病人血浆中3-NT平均浓度为3.63 nmol/L(n=23).本方法灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于临床研究中大样本量的测定.     

气相色谱–质谱法测定涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯

采用气相色谱–质谱法测定涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯的含量,对样品进行超声波萃取和高速离心静化处理后,选用选择离子和保留时间定性、外标法定量,色谱柱选择RTX–WAX极性色谱柱。游离氨基甲酸乙酯的质量浓度在0.1~10.0μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.04μg/m L。加标回收率在96.8%~100.5%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.0%~11.1%(n=6)。该方法样品预处理简单、重现性好、准确度高,适用于涂料中游离氨基甲酸乙酯的检测。     

辐照肉制品中2-十二烷基环丁酮的测定

采用GB/T 21926-2008《辐照含脂食品中2-十二烷基环丁酮测定气相色谱/质谱法》对辐照肉制品中的2-十二烷基环丁酮进行测定,鉴别辐照肉制品。样品用索氏抽提,经冷冻离心和弗罗里硅土层析净化,用气相色谱质谱联用法测定。2-十二烷基环丁酮的浓度在0.01~0.5 mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 6。对未经辐照的样品进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为83.1%~94.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于6%(n=6)。     

基于QTRAP-UPLC-MS/MS技术的辐照水产品快速测定方法

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(QTRAP-UPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中辐照相关的多种氨基酸及同分异构体的分析方法,并进一步建立了辐照水产品快速检测方法。水产品通过0.1%甲酸溶液直接超声快速提取氨基酸及同分异构体,采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)柱,0.1%甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子(ESI+)模式可快速有效分离及准确测定辐照水产品中的对酪氨酸(p-Tyrosine)、苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine)及其辐照特异性产物间酪氨酸(m-Tyrosine)和邻酪氨酸(o-Tyrosine)的含量,MRM-IDA-EPI模式对辐照特异性产物二次定性。结果表明:在10~500μg/L范围内,所测氨基酸及同分异构体的线性相关系数在0.9987~0.9995之间,回收率在76.8%~97.6%,相对标准偏差小于8.5%。在M RM-IDA-EPI模式监测下,可准确对辐照水产品中的特异性产物m-Tyrosine和o-Tyrosine进行二次定性。本方法适用于含蛋白质辐照水产品的快速准确检测,尤其是脂肪含量低且无法分离出硅酸盐物质的水产品,解决了辐照水产品的检测及食品安全监控问题。     

GPC净化-同位素稀释内标定量GC-MS对植物油中多环芳烃的测定

采用同位素稀释法并结合凝胶渗透色谱净化技术,建立了植物油中多环芳烃残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法.样品中加入同位素替代物后,样品中的多环芳烃经乙腈-丙酮(体积比6∶4)溶液提取,共提取物中大部分的脂类、色素和蜡质经窄口径凝胶渗透色谱柱除去后,进行GC-MS测定,内标法定量.添加回收率为80%～110%,相对标准偏差小于15%.应用于FAPAS橄榄油有证标准样品,测定值与标准值一致.     

同位素内标-气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中缩水甘油脂肪酸酯的含量

将奶粉样品(4.000 0g)的氨性乙醇溶液用乙醚(25,15,15 mL)和石油醚(25,15,15mL)先后3次提取其脂肪;合并上层液相,蒸发除去溶剂后于(100±2)℃烘干,于4℃保存。称取上述脂肪(0.100 0g)2份,分别置于塑料管A和B中[A管用于测定3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)酯和由缩水甘油酯转化的3-MCPD的含量,B管用于测定3-MCPD酯的含量],于两管中各加叔丁基甲基醚-乙酸乙酯(8+2)混合液500μL及2.00mg·L-1d5-3-MCPD棕榈酸二酯标准溶液100μL,再加0.1mol·L-1甲醇钠-甲醇溶液1.0mL进行水解,5min后立即向A管中加入中和剂C1 200μL,并控制酸度在pH 1.0左右;同时向B管中加入中和剂C2 100μL,控制其酸度在pH 4.0左右,使水解反应终止。在A管及B管中各加正己烷3mL提取,以除去油脂类杂质。取下层水相经硅藻土小柱净化,用乙酸乙酯(3,3,15mL)洗脱3次,合并洗脱液并蒸干,加异辛烷2mL溶解残渣。于此溶液中迅速加入七氟丁酰基咪唑100μL使衍生化,30min后加入饱和氯化钠溶液2mL使反应终止。取上清液进样进行同位素内标法气相色谱-质谱分析。按公式以差量法计算缩水甘油脂肪酸酯(GEs)的含量。GEs的线性范围为13.4~402μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.015mg·kg-1。测得回收率为95.2%~103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4.0%。     

Isolation of lipid and 2-alkylcyclobutanones from irradiated foods by supercritical fluid extraction.

The 2-alkylcyclobutanone method was adopted as a European Standard (EN1785) and MAFF Validated Method (MAFF V37) in 1996 for the detection of irradiated food containing fat. As the method requires a relatively long period (ca 2 days) of time for extraction of the 2-alkylcyclobutanones from a foodstuff, a means was sought to increase the speed at which these irradiation markers could be isolated while at the same time decreasing the amount of organic solvents required. Thus, the technique of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was investigated. Results showed that SFE can be used for the rapid extraction (60 min) of lipid from irradiated foods such as chicken, pork, liquid whole egg, ground beef, and from the seeds of irradiated mango and papaya with only 10 mL n-hexane being necessary for collection of the extracted sample. A method was also developed whereby the 2-alkylcyclobutanones can be selectively extracted from irradiated foods without prior extraction of the lipid. The sample extract, in 10 mL n-hexane, is purified through a Florisil SPE cartridge which is washed with 10 mL n-hexane and the 2-alkylcyclobutanones eluted with 10 mL 2% diethyl ether in n-hexane before analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone were selectively extracted from irradiated chicken meat, liquid whole egg, ground beef, and mango as well as from beef burgers and baked products containing irradiated ground beef and liquid whole egg, respectively. Using this method, samples can be analyzed for irradiation treatment within 6 h as opposed to the 2-day period required for the EN1785/MAFF V37 validated method.     

Simultaneous determination of aromatic amino acids in human blood plasma by capillary electrophoresis with UV‐absorption detection

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, also known as aromatic amino acids, are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are indicative of the liver and kidney function. In this work, we describe a simple and accurate method for their simultaneous quantification, in a single capillary electrophoresis run. This method requires minimal sample manipulation, no derivatization procedures, and methyl tryptophan as internal standard. The human blood plasma sample was precipitated using sulfosalicylic acid and the supernatant was used for the analysis. All the analytes were baseline resolved within 16 min and detected at 200 nm using Tris phosphate 80 mmol/L at pH 1.4 as the background electrolyte. The proposed method showed good linearity (r = 0.998) and repeatability (intra‐assay RSD < 2.78%, interassay RSD < 5.4%) for all the analytes. The limit of quantification was 13 μmol/L for phenylalanine and 5 μmol/L for tyrosine and tryptophan. The method suitability was tested measuring aromatic amino acids level in 20 chronic kidney disease patients at basal level and after simvastatin/ezetimibe treatment.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定面制食品中的铝

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测面制食品中铝含量的方法。以硝酸-过氧化氢作为消解体系,样品经微波消解后以5%硝酸定容,测定。对仪器条件进行了优化,铝的分析谱线为396.153 nm,射频功率为1 150 W,雾化气流量为0.5 L/min。铝的质量浓度(X)在0.5~10 mg/L范围内与谱线强度(Y)线性良好,工作曲线方程为Y=1 743.2X+58.0,线性相关系数r=0.999 9;测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),加标回收率为92.8%~107.0%。用该方法与标准方法对面食样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果相一致。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于面制食品中铝含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定塑料和纸质包装材料中6种荧光增白剂

建立了同时测定塑料和纸质食品包装材料中6种脂溶性荧光增白剂(FWA 135、FWA 184、FWA 185、FWA199、FWA 378和FWA 393)的高效液相色谱方法。用三氯甲烷-乙腈(3∶7,v/v)混合溶液提取,经HLB小柱净化后用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法进行定性定量分析。采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱分离,以5 mmol/L的乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。结果显示:FWA 393在15~1500μg/L范围内的线性关系良好,其余5种荧光增白剂在5~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;加标回收率为80.4%~125.0%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1%~13%。应用该方法分析了市场销售的12个样品以验证方法的实用性。该方法前处理简单,回收率高,精密度好,适用于食品包装材料中6种荧光增白剂的检测。     

毛细管区带电泳-间接紫外检测法快速测定食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖

建立了毛细管区带电泳-间接紫外检测快速测定食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的方法。以水或5 mmol/L醋酸为样品提取液,未涂层熔融石英毛细管(30.2 cm(有效长度20 cm)×50 μm)为分离柱,4 mmol/L山梨酸钾+10 mmol/L磷酸钠+30 mmol/L NaOH(pH 12.56)+0.5 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为分离缓冲液,在-8 kV下分离,于254 nm波长下检测,10 min内实现了食品中上述4种糖的同时分离与测定。乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的检出限(S/N=3)分别为50、75、25和25 mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)分别为150、225、75和75 mg/L,回收率在87.0%~107.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.2%~4.7%之间。整个实验过程未使用有机溶剂。用该法测定了9种食品样品及1个质控样品,结果表明该法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的日常测定。     

Preliminary study on detection of irradiated foodstuffs from the Romanian market

In order to fulfil the European task for market survey in food irradiation the first Romanian laboratory for detection of irradiated foodstuffs was established at IRASM Irradiation Centre. In this preliminary study, a wide range of Romanian food samples (spices, vegetables and meat) gamma irradiated at IRASM have been studied using different detection methods: (1) DNA comet assay, (2) thermoluminescence (TL) and (3) electron spin resonance (ESR) for foodstuffs containing bone or cellulose. The results suggest that there is no general available detection method and there is no perfect detection method. In conclusion, in order to carry out a correct identification of radiation treatment of a food sample it is recommended to use at least two standardised detection methods.     

Roche/BIOTECON Diagnostics LightCycler foodproof L. monocytogenes detection kit in combination with ShortPrep foodproof II Kit. Performance-Tested Method 070401

A method was developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This advanced PCR method was designed to reduce the time needed to achieve results from PCR reactions and to enable the user to monitor the amplification of the PCR product simultaneously, in real-time. After DNA isolation using the Roche/BIOTECON Diagnostics ShortPrep foodproof II Kit (formerly called Listeria ShortPrep Kit) designed for the rapid preparation of L. monocytogenes DNA for direct use in PCR, the real-time detection of L. monocytogenes DNA is performed by using the Roche/BIOTECON Diagnostics LightCycler foodproof L. monocytogenes Detection Kit. This kit provides primers and hybridization probes for sequence-specific detection, convenient premixed reagents, and different controls for reliable interpretation of results. For repeatability studies, 20 different foods, covering the 15 food groups recommended from the AOAC Research Institute (AOAC RI) for L. monocytogenes detection were analyzed: raw meats, fresh produce/vegetables, processed meats, seafood, egg and egg products, dairy (cultured/noncultured), spices, dry foods, fruit/juices, uncooked pasta, nuts, confectionery, pet food, food dyes and colorings, and miscellaneous. From each food 20, samples were inoculated with a low level (1-10 colony-forming units (CFU)/25 g) and 20 samples with a high level (10-50 CFU/25 g) of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, 5 uninoculated samples were prepared from each food. The food samples were examined with the test kits and in correlation with the cultural methods according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) or U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook. After 48 h of incubation, the PCR method in all cases showed equal or better results than the reference cultural FDA/BAM or USDA/FSIS methods. Fifteen out of 20 tested food types gave exactly the same amount of positive samples for both methods in both inoculation levels. For 5 out of 20 foodstuffs, the PCR method resulted in more positives than the reference method after 48 h of incubation. Following AOAC RI definition, these were false positives because they were not confirmed by the reference method (false-positive rate for low inoculated foodstuffs: 5.4%; for high inoculated foodstuffs: 7.1%). Without calculating these unconfirmed positives, the PCR method showed equal sensitivity results compared to the alternative method. With the unconfirmed PCR-positives included into the calculations, the alternative PCR method showed a higher sensitivity than the microbiological methods (low inoculation level: 100 vs 98.0%; sensitivity rate: 1; high inoculation level: 99.7 vs 97.7%; sensitivity rate, 1). All in-house and independently tested uninoculated food samples were negative for L. monocytogenes. The ruggedness testing of both ShortPrep foodproof II Kit and Roche/BIOTECON LightCycler foodproof L. monocytogenes Detection Kit showed no noteworthy influences to any variation of the parameters component concentration, apparatus comparison, tester comparison, and sample volumes. In total, 102 L. monocytogenes isolates (cultures and pure DNA) were tested and detected for the inclusivity study, including all isolates claimed by the AOAC RI. The exclusivity study included 60 non-L. monocytogenes bacteria. None of the tested isolates gave a false-positive result; specificity was 100%. Three different lots were tested in the lot-to-lot study. All 3 lots gave equal results. The stability study was subdivided into 3 parts: long-term study, stress test, and freeze-defrost test. Three lots were tested in 4 time intervals within a period of 13 months. They all gave comparable results for all test intervals. For the stress test, LightCycler L. monocytogenes detection mixes were stored at different temperatures and tested at different time points during 1 month. Stable results were produced at all storage temperatures. The freeze-defrost analysis showed no noteworthy aggravation of test results. The independent validation study examined by Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association Group (CCFRA) demonstrated again that the LightCycler L. monocytogenes detection system shows a comparable sensitivity to reference methods. With both the LightCycler PCR and BAM methods, 19 out of 20 inoculated food samples were detected. The 24 h PCR results generated by the LightCycler system corresponded directly with the FDA/BAM culture results. However, the 48 h PCR results did not relate exactly to the FDA/BAM results, as one sample found to be positive by the 48 h PCR could not be culturally confirmed and another sample which was negative by the 48 h PCR was culturally positive.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时检测食品中5种人工合成甜味剂

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测仪(HPLC-ELSD)同时检测食品中安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖和阿斯巴甜5种甜味剂的方法。甜味剂经0.1%(v/v)甲酸缓冲液提取后,利用C18固相萃取小柱净化浓缩,以3 μm C18柱为分离柱,0.1%(v/v)甲酸(氨水调节pH=3.5)-甲醇(61:39, v/v)为流动相,经高效液相色谱法分离,蒸发光散射检测器进行检测。结果表明,5种甜味剂在30～1000 mg/L的范围内,具有良好的线性关系(相关系数大于0.997);在3个添加水平下,样品的平均回收率为85.6%～109.0%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%;方法检出限(LOD,信噪比(S/N)=3)分别为安赛蜜2.5 mg/L、糖精钠3 mg/L、甜蜜素10 mg/L、三氯蔗糖2.5 mg/L及阿斯巴甜5 mg/L。该方法简单、灵敏、操作成本低,可用于不同形态食品中多种甜味剂的同时检测。     

微滴液相微萃取技术用于气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中的酞酸酯

将一种新型、简单、快速、环境友好的萃取方法微滴液相微萃取(SDME)与气相色谱-质谱法结合用于快速分析食品中的几种酞酸酯(PAEs)。考察了萃取溶剂的种类及用量、微液滴在样品溶液中的深度、萃取时间及搅拌子的搅拌速度对微滴液相微萃取的影响。优化的萃取条件为:萃取溶剂为2.0 μL甲苯,微液滴在样品溶液中的深度为0.75 cm,搅拌速度为1000 r/min,萃取时间为20 min。该方法的线性范围为0.1～4000 μg/L,检测限为25 ng/L～0.8 mg/L,加标回收率为87.1%～114.4%,相对标准偏差为4.9%～11.6%。微滴液相微萃取所需的有机溶剂量很小,是一种快速、简单、安全、有效的水溶性样品的前处理方法。