Effects of Spatial Coherence and Dispersive Diffraction on a Change in Optical Spectrum

This paper describes a change in optical spectrum on propagation in free space for a particular class of spatially partially coherent fields emanating from a polychromatic secondary source. A rectangular opening aperture in an opaque screen, illuminated with an extended incoherent polychromatic primary source, works as the secondary source. The spectral change is explored in detail theoretically and experimentally in association with spatial coherence in the secondary source as well as dispersive diffraction by the secondary source. The peak shift of the spectrum is associated with the coherence area for characterizing the secondary source. The peak shift becomes maximum if the secondary source is spatially coherent, but no shift occurs if the secondary source is spatially incoherent.     

用于标定CCD相机的高精度数控LED点光源

介绍了一种以发光二极管（LED）点光源作为相机标定光源的方法。根据LED点光源的特性,用恒流源给LED点光源提供所需的电流,用光照度计测量LED光源的光强度。由ARM单片下位机控制恒流源;通过串行通讯与上位机交换数据;由计算机作为上位机来管理数控恒流源和光照度计;根据所测光度值来调节电流,直到光度达到预想值。实验分析显示：LED点光源作为标定光源可以达到CCD标定的要求,精度也较高,能够很好地自适应控制LED的光照强度,达到了预期的效果,且系统使用方便灵活,性能稳定可靠。     

Active noise control in ducts: some physical insights

The mechanisms of active noise control in a duct are examined. Acoustical measurements are used to determine directly the acoustic power flow associated with both primary and secondary sources as a function of secondary to primary source strength ratio and volume velocity relative phase angles. A complete analytical model is also developed which allows calculation of individual source power flows and total downstream power flow as a function of source strengths and relative phase angles for finite size sources. It is evaluated for monopole and dual secondary source arrangements, but can be extended easily to any number of secondary sources. The model considers a finite size primary source in the plane of the duct cross section and evaluates the effect that the secondary sources have on the primary source power output. Measurements of individual source output powers and total downstream acoustic powers agree well with theoretical predictions. It is demonstrated that, for the monopole system, sound attenuation is achieved primarily by suppression of the primary source acoustic power output, with a little remaining power being absorbed by the secondary source. For the dual secondary source system, it is shown that the power is primarily absorbed by the secondary sources, but that, at phase and amplitude values slightly different to optimum, noise reduction is achieved by a combination of energy absorption and primary source power suppression. The analysis also demonstrates the dependence of the achievable noise reduction on secondary source size and location with respect to the primary source.     

158A GeV Pb+Pb反应中多粒子产生的双源统计模型分析

提出双源统计模型并用它研究了158A GeV Pb+Pb反应中多粒子产生.模型很好地描述了实验,同时给出一个合理清晰的物理图像.反应系统由一个热而小的内源和一个大而较凉的外源构成.外源具有类弹和类靶特征,内源具有反应中心区特征.在freeze-out时系统仍处于膨胀中.     

浅海单矢量传感器宽带声源三维定位仿真

针对水平不变的浅海波导中单矢量传感器对低频宽带声源的三维被动定位问题,首先利用平均声强器估计声源方位；其次,通过分离简正模的声压和水平振速分量联合处理获得运动声源相对速度,进一步基于垂直声能流中简正模相干项特征频率不变性以及长时间窗口中多快拍信号的统一处理,建立WARPING变换频谱作为代价函数的搜索处理器,估计该段信号的初始距离,进而获得各时刻声源距离,所提出的方法避免了对拷贝声场和引导声源的依赖；最后,利用多阶简正模相干项与非相干项能量模基处理方法,当声场中存在三阶以上简正模时,可对声源深度进行匹配估计。仿真分析表明,单个矢量传感器能够给出声源的方位、距离及深度估计结果。     

Acoustic propagation from a spiral wave front source in an ocean environment

A spiral wave front source generates a pressure field that has a phase that depends linearly on the azimuthal angle at which it is measured. This differs from a point source that has a phase that is constant with direction. The spiral wave front source has been developed for use in navigation; however, very little work has been done to model this source in an ocean environment. To this end, the spiral wave front analogue of the acoustic point source is developed and is shown to be related to the point source through a simple transformation. This makes it possible to transform the point source solution in a particular ocean environment into the solution for a spiral source in the same environment. Applications of this transformation are presented for a spiral source near the ocean surface and seafloor as well as for the more general case of propagation in a horizontally stratified waveguide.     

A spiral wave front beacon for underwater navigation: basic concept and modeling

A spiral wave front source produces an acoustic field that has a phase that is proportional to the azimuthal angle about the source. The concept of a spiral wave front beacon is developed by combining this source with a reference source that has a phase that is constant with the angle. The phase difference between these sources contains information about the receiver's azimuthal angle relative to the beacon and can be used for underwater navigation. To produce the spiral wave front, two sources are considered: a "physical-spiral" source, which produces the appropriate phase by physically deforming the active element of the source into a spiral, and a "phased-spiral" source, which uses an array of active elements, each driven with the appropriate phase, to produce the spiral wave front. Using finite element techniques, the fields produced by these sources are examined in the context of the spiral wave front beacon, and the advantages of each source are discussed.     

基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态量子密钥分配性能分析

从有效性、稳定性和可行性三个方面, 对基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态量子密钥分配的性能进行了全面分析. 采用四组实验数据对基于标记配对相干态光源的三强度诱骗态方案的密钥生成效率、量子比特误码率和最优信号态强度与安全传输距离之间的关系进行了仿真和分析; 考虑到光源涨落, 对方案的稳定性进行了讨论和仿真; 并对基于标记配对相干态光源设计简单易实现方案的可行性进行了分析. 结论表明: 基于标记配对相干态光源的诱骗态方案性能在安全传输距离和密钥生成效率两方面都优于现有基于弱相干态光源和预报单光子源的诱骗态方案; 在光源强度涨落相同条件下, 标记配对相干态光源的稳定性逊于预报单光子源, 而优于相干态光源. 但是标记配对相干态光源在有效性上的优势可弥补其在稳定性上的不足; 且标记配对相干态光源的双模特性为设计简单易实现的被动诱骗态方案提供了条件. 关键词： 量子光学 量子密钥分配 标记配对相干态光源 性能     

Penning型负氢离子源诊断

 为了给小型医用回旋加速器提供负氢离子,研制了一台Penning型负氢离子源。采用发射光谱法对该负氢离子源进行了诊断,同时结合离子源功率变化对离子源工作状态进行了分析。实验测量了不同氢气流量、离子源弧流及磁场条件下,该离子源等离子体氢原子巴尔末系中前三条谱线的相对光强和离子源功率变化,分析了不同工作条件对离子源工作状态的影响。结果表明：在可调节范围内,该离子源的工作状态主要受氢气流量的影响,对离子源弧流及磁场的变化不敏感。     

用镍硅氧化物源横向诱导晶化的多晶硅薄膜

采用磁控溅射法,以镍硅合金为靶,制备了一种适用于金属诱导横向晶化的氧化物镍源——自缓释镍源.该镍源在内部构成和晶化现象上都不同于纯金属镍源.采用该镍源制备低温多晶硅材料,晶化速率不明显依赖于镍源薄膜的厚度,且晶化多晶硅膜内的残余镍量亦可有效降低,可为薄膜晶体管提供宽的工艺窗口.本文对用纯金属镍源所得多晶硅薄膜的晶化率、表面粗糙度、电学特性等与溅射条件的关系进行了研究,并对相应结果进行了讨论. 关键词： 自缓释 金属诱导横向晶化 多晶硅薄膜 低温制备与退火     

用镍硅氧化物源横向诱导晶化的多晶硅薄膜

采用磁控溅射法,以镍硅合金为靶,制备了一种适用于金属诱导横向晶化的氧化物镍源——自缓释镍源.该镍源在内部构成和晶化现象上都不同于纯金属镍源.采用该镍源制备低温多晶硅材料,晶化速率不明显依赖于镍源薄膜的厚度,且晶化多晶硅膜内的残余镍量亦可有效降低,可为薄膜晶体管提供宽的工艺窗口.本文对用纯金属镍源所得多晶硅薄膜的晶化率、表面粗糙度、电学特性等与溅射条件的关系进行了研究,并对相应结果进行了讨论.     

Analysis of the radiated information in spinning sound fields

The information content of a spinning sound field is analyzed using a combination of exact and asymptotic results, in order to set limits on how accurately source identification can be carried out. Using a transformation of the circular source to an exactly equivalent set of line source modes, given by Chebyshev polynomials, it is found that the line source modes of order greater than the source wavenumber generate exponentially small fields. Asymptotic analysis shows that the remaining, lower order, modes radiate efficiently only into a region around the source plane, with this region shrinking as the mode order is increased. The results explain the ill-conditioning of source identification methods; the successful use of low order models in active noise control; and the low radiation efficiency of subsonic jets.     

Propagation of Light

The speed of light from a uniformly translating source can be deduced, rather than postulated. The deduction, based on the relativity of the Doppler effect, shows that the propagation of light is independent of its source motion (absolute propagation) only if the source is at relative rest. For a relatively translating source, the speed of light in etherless vacuous space is shown to be relative and does depend on the motion-of its source.     

基于虚拟点探测器的虚拟点源效率刻度技术

主要针对尺寸为?75 mm×25 mm的241Am标准体源HPGe探测器探测效率展开研究,通过LabSOCS软件模拟及蒙卡计算研究发现,使用同一种结构类型的探测器测量特定形状的体源,其虚拟点探测器位置与虚拟点源位置满足线性、二次函数、指数等关系。针对确定的探测器,通过点源在对称轴线上不同高度位置实验就可以标定出虚拟点探测器位置,再结合它们的线性函数进一步计算出虚拟点源位置,最后将点源放置于虚拟点位置刻度即可得到体源的探测效率。因此,该技术方法首次提出通过虚拟点探测器位置找到了虚拟点源的位置,是一种全新的刻度方法,已达到实际应用的程度,可以大面积推广应用该技术成果。     

软X射线-真空紫外波段光谱光源研究

介绍长春光学精密机械与物理研究所进行的软X射线-真空紫外波段光谱光源研究工作。研制成功的壁稳氩弧光源光谱辐射稳定性和重复性达±0.3%,可作标准辐射源,用于真空紫外波段仪器光谱强度绝对辐射定标。研制成功的潘宁(Penning)光源、双等离子体光源和空心阴极光源,可以覆盖从十几个nm至几十nm波段范围,光谱辐射稳定性和重复性达±1.0%,提供不同工作气体在该波段的原子和离子线谱,用于光谱仪器的波长定标。所研制的激光等离子体光源,尤其是近期研制成功的无污染微液滴喷射靶激光等离子体光源,可以提供较高亮度的软X射线辐射,13.0 nm处激光-软X射线转换效率达0.75%／2π·sr／2%带宽,适合于光刻和该波段辐射计量研究。     

基于声音的跟踪摄像的初步研究

仿照生物的趋声性,可以实现摄像头追踪拍摄一个不在其视场范围内的声源;依据图像处理技术,可以精确定位在摄像头视场内的声源。将这两种技术结合起来,建立了一套实验系统。从利用声源发出的声音信号传输到两个分开一定距离的声音探测器上的时间差初步定位声源,再利用声源的运动规律使用图像处理技术识别并精确定位声源,通过系统与PC机间的实时通信和回转部件带动声音探测器和摄像头一起做精确灵活的转动,摄像头最终对准了声源。实现了基于声音的跟踪摄像过程。     

Simulation study of a magnetocardiogram based on a virtual heart model: effect of a cardiac equivalent source and a volume conductor

In this paper,we present a magnetocardiogram(MCG) simulation study using the boundary element method(BEM) and based on the virtual heart model and the realistic human volume conductor model.The different contributions of cardiac equivalent source models and volume conductor models to the MCG are deeply and comprehensively investigated.The single dipole source model,the multiple dipoles source model and the equivalent double layer(EDL) source model are analysed and compared with the cardiac equivalent source models.Meanwhile,the effect of the volume conductor model on the MCG combined with these cardiac equivalent sources is investigated.The simulation results demonstrate that the cardiac electrophysiological information will be partly missed when only the single dipole source is taken,while the EDL source is a good option for MCG simulation and the effect of the volume conductor is smallest for the EDL source.Therefore,the EDL source is suitable for the study of MCG forward and inverse problems,and more attention should be paid to it in future MCG studies.     

Source implementation to eliminate low-frequency artifacts in finite difference time domain room acoustic simulation

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is a numerical technique that is straight forward to implement for the simulation of acoustic propagation. For room acoustics applications, the implementation of efficient source excitation and frequency dependent boundary conditions on arbitrary geometry can be seen as two of the most significant problems. This paper deals with the source implementation problem. Among existing source implementation methods, the hard source implementation is the simplest and computationally most efficient. Unfortunately, it generates a large low-frequency modulation in the measured time response. This paper presents a detailed investigation into these side effects. Surprisingly, some of these side effects are found to exist even if a transparent source implementation is used. By combing a time limited approach with a class of more natural source pulse function, this paper develops a source implementation method in FDTD that is as simple and computationally as efficient as a hard source implementation and yet capable of producing results that are virtually the same as a true transparent source. It is believed that the source implementation method developed in this paper will provide an improvement to the practical usability of the FDTD method for room acoustic simulation.     

KVI-AECR离子源的现状报告

In this paper the first results of the new ECR source at the KVI are presented.The source has been built following the design of Jyv(?)skyl(?) University,which is based on the AECR-U of LBNL.As the commissioning is going on,it seems that the extraction and analysing systems inherited from the old source are the limiting factors for the performance of the new source.Beam currents achieved with the source are at the moment a factor of 3 lower than the AECR source used at the Jyv(?)skyl(?) University.Further modifications to improve the source performance will be discussed.     

Power flow transmission influenced by vibration source impedance for a compound system

I.IntroductionVeryofteninengineeringpracticemachinesareusuallyinstalledonflexiblestructures.Buildingfloors,shipdecks,aircraftfuselages,carortrainChassisarebutafewexamplesthatfallintothiscategory.Themachinetransmitsvibrationtothereceivingstructureandresultsinstructure-bornesoundtransmission.Especiallywhenaheaviermachinerunningathighspeedismoulltedonaflekib1efoundation,thesourceandthereceiverwillpresentsimilardynamiccharacteristicsattheirinterface.Asaresult,theconventionalanalysiscannotbeappli…