室温沉淀聚合制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球

采用沉淀聚合的方法以乙醇/水为混合溶剂、K_2S_2O_8/NaHSO_3为引发剂,室温下引发苯乙烯聚合制备了单分散的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球.研究了反应时间、引发剂用量、反应溶剂中乙醇与水的比例、搅拌速度对聚苯乙烯微球的收率及形貌、单体转化率的影响.结果表明,聚苯乙烯微球的单体转化率、微球的收率和粒径随着反应时间的延长而增加,反应12 h后趋于稳定;当增加引发剂的用量,聚苯乙烯微球的单体转化率、微球的收率和粒径都有所增加,K_2S_2O_8与Na HSO_3用量分别在≤2.0%和1.3%时,能够得到单分散的聚苯乙烯微球;随着反应介质中水含量的增加,聚苯乙烯微球的单体转化率、微球的收率先增加后降低,单分散性变差,水含量在≤40%能够得到单分散的微球;搅拌速度从600 r/min增加到1200 r/min时,微球粒径、收率与单体转化率几乎没有变化.并初步研究了聚苯乙烯微球的形成机理.     

基于聚苯乙烯微球放大的凝血酶化学发光检测新技术

本文以羧基96孔板为分离载体,核酸适配体作为分子特异性识别元件,聚苯乙烯微球作为放大载体,辣根过氧化物酶为标记物,构建了化学发光（CL）高灵敏度凝血酶检测新技术.实验结果表明：该放大技术不但灵敏度高,且抗干扰能力强,其他蛋白质如IgG、IgM、IgA、IgE、IFN均无明显干扰.聚苯乙烯微球放大体系中凝血酶的线性范围为7.8～250pmol/L,最低检测浓度可达3.9pmol/L;而不放大检测技术的线性范围为0.94～30nmol/L,最低检测浓度为0.46nmol/L,放大体系将检测灵敏度提高100多倍.综合而言,基于适配体识别和聚苯乙烯微球放大的凝血酶CL检测新技术具有通量大、简单快速和灵敏度高的特点,有望在凝血酶高通量检测领域获得应用.     

单分散键合型含铕聚苯乙烯微球的制备与荧光传感性能

制备了一种可定性定量检测水溶液中三价铁离子的含铕聚苯乙烯微球, 分别用固体核磁碳谱(¹³C CP/MAS NMR)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 元素分析、 粒度分析和ζ电位分析等对其化学组成和结构形貌进行表征. 当铕配合物单体用量低于2.5%时, 可以得到稳定的单分散键合型含铕聚苯乙烯微球. 用紫外光激发时, 该含铕聚苯乙烯微球发射铕离子的特征红光. Fe³⁺能猝灭该微球的荧光, 酸根离子和其它金属离子对其干扰较少; 猝灭效率与Fe³⁺浓度在0~300 μmol/L浓度范围内均呈线性关系; 随着铕配合物单体用量的增加, 微球的荧光增强, 其在检测Fe³⁺的荧光时, 猝灭常数(K_SV)增加, 检测限(LOD)下降. 调节铕配合物单体的用量, 可获得热性能优异、 红光发射强度高且稳定性好的单分散聚苯乙烯荧光微球, 对Fe³⁺荧光检测显示出较高的选择性, 在生物检测和环境保护等领域具有较高的应用价值.     

聚苯乙烯微球表面接枝丙烯腈的研究

采用分散聚合法制备出平均粒径为3.85 μm的窄分布聚苯乙烯微球， 并在此基础上引入第二单体丙烯腈进行共聚反应， 制备出平均粒径为4.02 μm的窄分布苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物微球. 对聚苯乙烯微球和苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物微球进行了形貌及粒径、红外光谱、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析， 结果表明丙烯腈基团均匀分布在聚苯乙烯微球表面， 提高了聚苯乙烯微球表面的极性.     

氯球键合氮氧自由基的合成及在醇氧化中的应用

本文以氯甲基化聚苯乙烯珠体（简称氯球）为原料,和４－羟基－２．２．２．２－四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基反应,合成出氯球键合氮氧自由基。通过基对醇的氧化反应,考察了负载氮氧自由基的氧化性能。     

聚苯乙烯/二氧化锰复合微球的合成与表征

本文利用聚苯乙烯微球为模板水热合成了聚苯乙烯/二氧化锰有机无机复合微球.复合微球核层为聚苯乙烯微球,壳层是由大量的二氧化锰纳米棒紧密堆积形成的.利用扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜表征可以看出产物含有大量的复合微球,对于可能的反应机理进行了讨论.     

两种磁性复合微球的制备及其性能对比

为了得到蛋白吸附性能良好的免疫磁性载体,文章用反相微乳的方法合成了壳聚糖磁性复合微球(Chitosanmagneticcompositemicrospheres简称CMCM),与常用的单体聚合法制备的聚苯乙烯磁性复合微球(Polystyrenemagneticcompositemicrospheres,简称PMCM)从粒径和表观形貌、微球铁含量、磁响应性、表面官能基团等性质做了对比表征,结果表明,CMCM是一种比PMCM更理想的免疫磁性微球载体材料。     

种子乳液聚合法制备中空多孔聚合物微球

用分散聚合法制得粒径约为3μm的聚苯乙烯种子微球,通过溶胀,种子乳液聚合及萃取得到中空多孔聚合微球,使用扫描电镜检测了其中空多孔形貌和粒径,并讨论了成孔机理。     

两步后交联法制备氯甲基化聚苯乙烯交联微球

以平均粒径为40μm的非交联氯甲基化聚苯乙烯(CMPS)微球为出发物料,采用水解-轻度交联与重度交联两步骤的后交联方法,制备了氯甲基化聚苯乙烯交联微球.用红外光谱表征了交联前后微球化学结构的变化,使用扫描电镜观察了交联微球的形貌,重,点考察了各种交联条件对微球交联度的影响规律,分析了交联反应机理.结果表明:先将非交联氯甲基化聚苯乙烯微球部分水解并轻度交联,然后使CMPS微球在良溶剂中溶胀,使用Friedel-Crafts催化剂,再度进行交联反应,可顺利地制得氯甲基化聚苯乙烯(CCMPS)交联微球;控制交联反应的条件,如反应温度、反应时间、溶剂性质、催化剂种类与用量等,可获得交联度不同的微球,其球形度依然保持良好.     

单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球可控制备的研究进展

单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球是一类具有高比表面积、吸附性强以及高表面活性的材料,以其优异的疏水性、优越的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能在生物医学、标准计量、电子信息、分析化学、色谱分离等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景,近年来有关交联聚合物微球的制备以及机理研究成为一大热点并且发展较快。本文重点介绍了交联剂存在下分散聚合的反应机理,探讨了单体、引发剂、交联剂、分散剂以及分散介质等对单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球可控制备的影响,展望了聚苯乙烯交联微球的发展趋势和应用前景。     

负载高密度乙肝检测探针磁珠的制备及性能

本文介绍了一种负载高密度乙肝检测探针磁珠的制备技术,并对其在乙肝检测中的应用性能进行了研究,开辟了一种乙肝检测的新方法。首先通过化学键连接的方法制备出表面偶联乙肝抗体的磁性复合微球（亦称“乙肝抗原检测免疫磁珠”）,之后将其用于乙肝检测研究表现出了较好的效果,为了进一步提高其检测准确性及灵敏性,对乙肝免疫磁珠的制备过程进行了优化,包括磁珠的胺化工艺及抗体的偶联工艺。通过优化得到氨基磁性复合微球的氨基含量为2.71 mmol/g、单位磁珠抗体偶联量为108.36 ug/mg、偶联效率为77.40%的负载高密度乙肝检测探针的磁珠。并在此过程中采用类“双抗原夹心酶联免疫法”对乙肝抗体的活性及优化效果进行了检测。通过性能检测比较,磁珠法检测灵敏度高于普通酶联免疫法。     

Preparation of Macroporous Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-triallyl isocyanurate)Beads Bearing Aminocarboxylic Acid as Functional Groups by Suspension Polymerization

Macroporous poly(vinyl acetate-co-triallyl isocyanurate)beads were prepared with suspension polymerization method.The copolymer beads were then transformed into poly(vinyl alcohol-co-triallyl isocyanurate)by ester exchange reaction.Aminocarboxylic acids were immobilized on the copolymer beads by the esterification of hydroxyl groups with diethyl-lenetriaminepentaacetic bisanhydride,The weak acid exchange capacities,specific surface areas and mean pore diameters of the rsultant resin beads were measured.     

Immunoassay using probe-labelling immunogold nanoparticles with silver staining enhancement via surface-enhanced Raman scattering

This paper reports a novel immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and immunogold labelling with silver staining enhancement. Immunoreactions between immunogold colloids modified by a Raman-active probe molecule (e.g., 4-mercaptobenzoic acid) and antigens, which were captured by antibody-assembled chips such as silicon or quartz, were detected via SERS signals of Raman-active probe molecule. All the self-assembled steps were subjected to the measurements of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra to monitor the formation of a sandwich structure onto a substrate. The immunoassay was performed by a sandwich structure consisting of three layers. The first layer was composed of immobilized antibody molecules of mouse polyclonal antibody against Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (PAb) on a silicon or quartz substrate. The second layer was the complementary Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (Antigen) molecules captured by PAb on the substrate. The third layer was composed of the probe-labelling immunogold nanoparticles, which were modified by mouse monoclonal antibody against Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (MAb) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) as the Raman-active probe on the surface of gold colloids. After silver staining enhancement, the antigen is identified by a SERS spectrum of MBA. A working curve of the intensity of a SERS signal at 1585 cm(-1) due to the [small nu](8a) aromatic ring vibration of MBA versus the concentration of analyte (Antigen) was obtained and the non-optimized detection limit for the Hepatitis B virus surface antigen was found to be as low as 0.5 [micro sign]g mL(-1).     

纳米粒子/共聚物混合体系结构的Monte Carlo模拟

基于简立方格点模型,对纳米粒子/共聚物混合体系进行了动力学Monte Carlo模拟研究. 每一共聚物链均由一个A珠子和三个B珠子组成,表示为A1B3. A1B3链的两亲性体现为B-B之间的相互吸引作用,同时憎水性的纳米粒子之间也存在相互吸引. 通过适当选取纳米粒子与B珠子之间的吸引作用势,观察到两种结构:纳米粒子/A1B3链的核-壳结构和纳米粒子分散在憎水壳层中的A1B3囊泡结构. 还研究了这两种结构的动力学演化过程,模拟结果表明在纳米粒子分散于囊泡壳层的过程中A1B3囊泡起模板作用.     

含不同取代芘基团St/DVB交联树脂的合成及其溶胀态光物理性质

采用功能基化反应和单体共聚两种方法合成了一系列含有Py-CO-基团和Py-CH2-基团的芘标记苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯(St/DVB)交联树脂及其相应的含芘模型化合物.通过比较分析共聚物珠体和模型化合物的荧光光谱,研究了交联树脂溶胀态的光物理行为.初步研究结果表明,标记基团的激基缔合物形成及Ham效应等光物理性质可敏感地反映树脂中标记的浓度、微环境极性以及树脂的溶剂化程度.     

Amplification immunoassay for the determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen

A sensitive sandwich immunoassay for the determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) was developed, using a cascade system of Limulus amebocyte lysate as a signal amplification system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was conjugated to anti-HBs antibody. Anti-HBs antibody was adsorbed to polystyrene beads. First, HBs were reacted to solid phase anti-HBs antibody (a-HBs). After the reaction, the beads were rinsed, and were then reacted with a-HBs-LPS. Then, LPS activity specifically bound to the beads was measured. HBs could be measured in the range of 10(-10)-10(-12) g/mL.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(isobutyl methacrylate) microbeads with grafted amidoxime groups

Poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) microspheres with a 800- to 1500-μm diameter range synthesized by suspension polymerization technique were used as the trunk polymer in the preparation of a highly efficient new adsorbent. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the trunk polymer by pre-irradiation grafting technique. Grafting conditions were optimized, and GMA grafted PiBMA beads were modified with iminodiacetonitrile (IDAN) in ethanol at 80 °C. The nitrile groups were then amidoximated by using 6% (m/v) hydroxylamine hydrochloride in methanol solution. The IDAN modification and the conversion of the nitrile groups to amidoxime were followed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The surface morphology and thermal behavior of the PiBMA and its modificated forms were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques further confirming modification and amidoximation.     

A New Monodisperse Reactive Resin with Active Groups on the Particle Surface

The cross-linked polymer beads with reactive groups as active supports have been widely used in many fields such as chromatographic separation, solid phase synthesis, catalytic reaction, ion exchange and adsorption etc. In resent years, the synthesis and application of monodisperse polymer beads with different structures have been rapidly developed1~4. It is obvious that this type of monosized resin as matrix of active supports will be even more advantageous in some applications. This paper pr…     

表面修饰的钛酸钡纳米粉体的制备

采用水热法制备出表面包裹有硬脂酸的钛酸钡纳米粉体,并运用一系列手段对其微结构进行了表征.结果表明:产物粒径较小,粒度分布较窄,单分散性较好,其表面为非极性,同时表现出良好的流动性能.认为钛酸钡纳米粉体表面极性的改变是由于其表面包裹了一层硬脂酸,并且包裹层降低了粉体间的相互作用力,从而提高了粉体的流动性.     

丙烯酸甲酯-氰尿酸三烯丙酯共聚物的合成及其孔结构的研究Ⅰ.

氰尿酸三烯丙酯(TAC)与丙烯酸甲酯(MA)在致孔剂如环己烷、正丁醚或甲苯-汽油(200~#)存在下,用悬浮聚合得到一系列大孔共聚物。对这些共聚物孔结构的研究表明,它们的平均孔径达10000—80000(?),同时研完了致孔剂的分子结构和用量对共聚物孔结构的影响,并初步讨论特大孔共聚物形成的机理。