光纤化学传感器芘丁酸-烷胺玻璃键合试剂相的合成、性能及乙醇中芦丁的测定

本文研制的芘丁酸-烷胺玻璃键合试剂相以玻璃为固相支持剂,经硅烷化,以二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂,吡啶为催化剂与芘丁酸共价键合,用红外光谱、荧光光谱、热重分析和化学分解法加以确认.得到的试剂相在有机溶剂和pH 4.00～8.00水溶液中均稳定,探针不泄漏.用于测定乙醇中的芦丁,在2.14～21.4 μg.mL-1浓度范围内与F0/F成线性,检出限为1.0 μg.mL-1,方法的平均回收率为98.7%±3.4%,日内、日间精密度为2.4～6.1%.     

微柱高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中铁钴镍铜锌锰

研究了用2(2喹啉偶氮)5二甲氨基酚(QADMAP)为柱前衍生试剂,以Waters XterraTMRP18(1.0mm×50mm,2.5μm)微柱为固定相,72%的甲醇(内含0.5%的乙酸)为流动相,高效液相色谱法分离,二极管矩阵检测器检测测定铁、钴、镍、铜、锌和锰的方法。根据信噪比(S/N=3)得各金属离子的检出限分别为:铁3μg·L-1、钴和铜4μg·L-1、镍2μg·L-1、锌5μg·L-1、锰8μg·L-1,方法用于烟草中痕量铁、钴、镍、铜、锌和锰的测定,相对标准偏差在1.6%～3.8%之间,回收率在93%～107%之间,结果满意。     

微分电位溶出法连续测定饮料中的铜铅镉锌

建立了微分电位溶出法连续测定饮料中痕量铜、铅、镉、锌的新方法。在HAc- Na Ac( p H4 .5)～ 3.5× 1 0 -2 mol·L-1KCl～ 2 .6× 1 0 -5 mol· L-1Hg2 +介质中测定锌 ,然后调节底液为 0 .0 1 mol·L-1HCl,连续测定铜、铅、镉。铜、铅、镉、锌 ,检出限分别为 4 ,0 .1 ,2 ,4 μg· L-1,线性测定范围 Zn2 +:0～ 30 0 μg·L-1,Cu2 +、Pb2 +、Cd2 +:0～ 2 2 0μg· L-1,回收率为 83.4 %～ 1 0 3.3% ,RSD<3.4 % ( n=7)。该法较好解决了金属互化物的影响 ,样品不需消化便可直接测定。     

单扫描示波极谱法连测铅锌

铅和锌极谱测定方法很多 ,有在碱性介质中测定 ,也有在强酸性介质中测定。铅和锌连测有时也有报道[1,2 ] ,但测定范围局限于微量及半微量分析。本法特点是在同一份溶液中连测铅和锌 ,测定范围扩至常量 ,干扰少 ,重现性好。铅的回收率为 95%～1 0 0 % ,锌的回收率为 97%～ 99% ,适合于铜矿及铅锌矿中铅和锌的分析。1　试验部分1 .1　主要试剂与仪器铅 [3]和锌 [4 ]标准溶液 :均为 2 mg·ml-1抗坏血酸溶液 :1 0 0 g· L-1硫氰酸钾溶液 :50 g·L-1HOAc- Na OAc缓冲溶液 [5] :p H4.5明胶溶液 :2 .5g· L-1试剂均为分析纯JP3- 1型示波仪 ,三…     

硅钡钙联合测定

硅钡钙是炼钢中很好的新型脱氧剂 ,并且有很好的脱硫、磷能力 ,对冶炼含硫、磷较低的钢种起着非常重要的作用 ,在特钢系统有着广阔的应用前景。本文提出了硅钡钙联合测定分析方法 ,该法快速、准确、简便、易掌握。1　试验部分1 .1　试剂混合熔剂 :无水碳酸钠 硼砂 过氧化钠 =2 0 1 0 3,硼砂在 350°C马弗炉中烘去结晶水分。NH4 CNS:50 g· L-1Ag NO3溶液 :1 0 g·L-1(NH4 ) 2 SO4 溶液 :1 0 0 g·L-1Ba Cl2 溶液 :1 0 0 g·L-1KOH溶液 :40 0 g·L-1EDTA标准溶液 :0 .0 2 mol· L-1,称取 EDTA基准试剂 7.4452 g溶于水中 ,用…     

流动注射在线微柱预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铂

研究了流动注射在线微柱分离 预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铂的新体系。以α 氨基吡啶树脂作预富集试剂 ,以 2mol·L-1HCl + 0 .3mol·L-1NaClO4 混合液作洗脱剂。当进样体积为 15 .2ml,洗脱液体积为 0 .2 7ml时 ,浓集效率达 30倍 ,采样频率 2 8次·h-1。该方法检出限 (3σ)5 .2 μg·L-1,RSD为 1.4 % (n =11,1μg·ml-1铂 )     

AgDDC光度法测定砷的探讨

砷是环保、卫生防疫等部门的一个重要分析项目。目前 ,Ag DDC光度法测定砷用得比较普遍。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂72 2分光光度计 ;1 0 0 ml测砷装置氯化亚锡溶液 :40 0 g·L-1碘化钾溶液 :1 50 g· L-1吸收液及以上试剂按文献 [1 ]配制砷标准溶液 (国家一级标准物质 GBW0 861 1 ) :1 mg· ml-1;砷中间液 :1 0 .0μg· ml-1;砷工作液 :1 .0 0μg· ml-1。无砷锌粒甲 :1 0～ 2 0目无砷锌粒乙 :颗粒较大 ,约绿豆大小。1 .2　试验方法在砷化氢发生瓶中加入砷工作液 (或水样适量 ) ,加水至 50 ml。分别加入浓硫酸 4ml,碘化钾溶液 4ml和…     

电位溶出法间接测定血清中钙镁

利用钙置换Zn EGTA中锌 ,镁置换Zn EDTA中锌 ,采用计时电位溶出法间接地测定血清中钙镁含量。血清用量仅为 2 0 μl,且不必消化 ,钙的线性范围为 0～ 4 80 μg·L- 1,检出限为 2 μg·L- 1,相关系数为 0 .9976 (n =6 ) ,镁的线性范围为 0～ 2 88μg·L- 1,检出限为 1μg·L- 1,相关系数为0 .9984 (n =6 )。用模拟血清测定钙的平均回收率为 99.4 % ,镁的平均回收率为 10 0 .1%。     

芘丁酸-二氧化硅敏感膜测定正己烷中的正辛硫醇

溶胶-凝胶法制备芘丁酸-二氧化硅试剂相(敏感膜),基于荧光多元猝灭响应的原理测定正己烷中正辛硫醇的含量.在0.84～16.80 mg/L浓度范围内与lg(F0/F)呈线性;相关系数0.9981;检出限0.81mg/L;平均回收率为103.2%±7.5%.     

高效液相钴离子催化化学发光抑制法测定茶叶中的茶氨酸

 研究了用高效液相分离、抑制化学发光测定茶叶中茶氨酸的分析方法。该法采用YWG C18(10μm,250mm×5 0mmi d )柱,以0 01mol·L-1醋酸钠 醋酸缓冲液(pH5 5)为流动相,流速为0 8mL·min-1。对茶氨酸抑制Co2+催化鲁米诺(luminol)与过氧化氢(H2O2)化学发光反应的条件进行了优化:Co2+的质量浓度为2μg·L-1,鲁米诺浓度为0 25mmol·L-1,H2O2浓度为0 5mmol·L-1。在茶氨酸的质量浓度为0 2g·L-1～5 0g·L-1时,茶氨酸抑制化学发光产生负峰的相对峰面积Y(将实际峰面积缩小至万分之一)与其质量浓度X(kg·L-1)的线性回归方程为Y=33862X+1 0605(r=0 9983)。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。