光纤化学传感芘丁酸—烷胺玻璃键合试剂相的合成,性能及乙醇中芦？…

本文研制的芘丁酸 -烷胺玻璃键合试剂相以玻璃为固相支持剂 ,经硅烷化 ,以二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂 ,吡啶为催化剂与芘丁酸共价键合 ,用红外光谱、荧光光谱、热重分析和化学分解法加以确认。得到的试剂相在有机溶剂和 p H4.0 0～ 8.0 0水溶液中均稳定 ,探针不泄漏。用于测定乙醇中的芦丁 ,在 2 .1 4～ 2 1 .4μg· m L- 1浓度范围内与 F0 /F成线性 ,检出限为 1 .0 μg· m L- 1,方法的平均回收率为 98.7%± 3.4% ,日内、日间精密度为2 .4～ 6.1 %。     

芘丁酸-二氧化硅敏感膜测定正己烷中的正辛硫醇

溶胶-凝胶法制备芘丁酸-二氧化硅试剂相(敏感膜),基于荧光多元猝灭响应的原理测定正己烷中正辛硫醇的含量.在0.84～16.80 mg/L浓度范围内与lg(F0/F)呈线性;相关系数0.9981;检出限0.81mg/L;平均回收率为103.2%±7.5%.     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素与钴(Ⅱ)和刚果红三元配合物的共振瑞利散射光谱研究及其分析应用

在pH 4.5～6.5的Bdtton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,钴(Ⅱ)与环丙沙星(CIP)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、氧氟沙星(OF)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)等氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FLQs)能形成螯合阳离子,它们能通过静电引力和疏水作用与刚果红(CR)阴离子反应,形成1:2:1(Co2 :FLQs:CR)三元离了缔合配合物.此时将引起溶液的共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强,并出现新的RRS光谱.不同抗生素具有相似的光谱特征,其最大散射波长均位于560 nm处,并在382和278 nm处有2个较小的散射峰.一定浓度的抗生素与散射增强(△成正比,对不同氟喹诺酮类药物的线性范围和检出限(3σ)分别是0.026～2.64 μg·mL-1和7.68 μg·mL-1(CIP),0.045～3.20 μg·mL-1和13.00 ng·mL-1(NOR),0.037～4.00μg·mL-1和11.24 ng·mL-1(OF),0.039～4.00 μg·mL-1和11.80 ng·mL-1(LEV),据此提出了一种以RRS技术测定氟喹诺酮抗牛素的新方法.方法不仅灵敏度高,而且简单、快速,并有良好的选择性和重复性,可用于片剂、针剂、滴眼液和人尿液中氟喹诺酮类药物的测定.文中还对反应机理和RRS增强的原因作了讨论.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定氟涂料中全氟辛酸及其盐类物质

超声萃取技术萃取氟涂料中的全氟辛酸及其盐类物质,萃取液经固相萃取、浓缩后与乙酰化试剂反应,以全氟癸酸甲酯为内标物内标法进行定量测定.对气相色谱-质谱条件进行选择,方法的线性范围为1.0～1×105μg·L-1,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为0.1μg·L-1,在高低两种浓度水平(100 μg·L-1及1000 μg·L-1 PFOA)进行精密度和回收率试验,所得相对标准偏差分别为4.24%和3.58%,回收率在86%～111%之间.     

曙红Y-SDS体系共振光散射法测定丁胺卡那霉素

在十二烷基磺酸钠存在下,于pH=5.5的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,丁胺卡那霉素(AMK)与曙红Y形成复合物,据此建立了以曙红Y作为共振光散射探针测定AMK的分析方法.在λ= 525 nm处,共振光散射强度(△IRLS)最大且光散射的强度与AMK的浓度在4～20 μg·5mL-1内成正比.该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,对4.0 μg·5mL-1的AMK平行测定11次,检出限为0.0108 μg·5mL-1,RSD为3.23%,用于市售药品的分析测定,结果满意.     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G共振能量转移荧光猝灭法测定尿中1-羟基芘

建立了吖啶橙(AO)-罗丹明6G(R6G)共振能量转移荧光猝灭法测定尿中1-羟基芘的新方法.在λex/λem=470/556nm,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)存在下,AO-R6G能够发生有效的能量转移,使R6G的荧光大大增强;1-羟基芘(1-OHP)的加入使R6G的荧光猝灭.方法的线性范围是21.3～982 μg/L;检出限为6.4 μg/L;平行7次测定相对标准偏差为0.98%～2.0%;回收率为96.0%～104.4%.该方法用于锅炉工尿样中1-羟基芘的测定,结果与常规的高效液相色谱法一致.     

中心切割式多维气相色谱/质谱系统中中点限流器的改进及其在卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘检测中的应用

对多维气相色谱的核心部件中点限流器进行了改进,用一段0.25mm i.d.毛细管柱取代石墨限流管,Y形玻璃压合连接器取代两孔石墨垫,显著提高了一维色谱保留时间的稳定性,保证了中心切割范围的准确性,且消除了石墨对苯并[a]芘的吸附残留。同时,将本系统应用于卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘的检测。采用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,环己烷萃取,以氘代苯并[a]芘为内标,直接用中心切割式多维气相色谱/质谱(MDGC/MS)法测定。该法线性关系良好,其线性范围为1.47～29.4μg/L(r2=0.999 9);重复性好,测得实际样品中苯并[a]芘含量的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.94%;回收率为90.74%～101.86%;检出限和定量限分别为0.31ng/支及1.03ng/支,可以满足检测要求。应用本系统对2R4F参比卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘进行了检测,结果与文献报道值基本一致。     

聚环氧乙烷修饰的芘用于“荧光开”检测胰蛋白酶的研究

本文采用聚环氧乙烷(PEO)对疏水染料芘进行亲水化修饰设计,以获得具有良好水溶性和荧光性能的两亲性探针分子聚环氧乙烷修饰的芘(PEO-Py).以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为胰蛋白酶的水解底物以及猝灭剂,BSA加入会通过动态猝灭使荧光强度降低.加入胰蛋白酶水解后,荧光强度部分恢复,建立了基于荧光强度升高的“荧光开”胰蛋白酶检测方法.对胰蛋白酶的检测限可达到9.8 μg·mL-1,检测线性范围为0～0.075 mg·mL-1.其他蛋白不会引起荧光强度的降低,检测体系具有良好的选择性.通过亲水化修饰提高了芘衍生物的水溶性,建立了制备简单、成本低、水溶性好的检测探针,拓展了芘在生理环境中的检测应用.     

免疫化学方法测定动物组织中呋喃唑酮残留标示物

以自制特异性抗体为核心试剂,建立了以苯甲醛为衍生试剂的呋喃唑酮残留标示物间接竞争ELISA方法.通过方阵滴定法和间接竞争法确定ELISA方法最佳反应条件:抗原最佳包被浓度200 μg/L,抗体最佳稀释倍数1:2.5×105,抗体与药物最佳工作配比40 μL: 60 μL,最佳竞争时间1 h.检出限为0.1 μg/L,检测范围0.1～25.6 μg/L,线性关系良好.在空白组织中(猪肌肉、猪肝脏、鸡肌肉、鸡肝脏、鱼肉)添加0.4、1.0和5.0 μg/kg AOZ,回收率55.8%～96.6%,相对标准偏差均小于20%.测定20份不同组织的空白样品,方法的检出限为0.4～0.5 μg/kg.以100 mg/kg呋喃唑酮饲喂动物,其组织样品同时经HPLC方法和本方法测定,数据表明本方法具有实际检出能力,测定结果与仪器方法的测定结果相近.通过与德国同类试剂盒比较实验表明,本方法的灵敏度、精密度、准确度接近于进口试剂盒水平,可用于动物可食性组织肝脏和肌肉中AOZ筛选.     

茜素红与头孢哌酮的荷移反应研究与应用

实验以茜素红(ARS)为荷移试剂,采用分光光度法研究了ARS与头孢哌酮(CPZ)形成络合物的光谱性质及其反应的适宜条件.实验结果表明:头孢哌酮在2.0～200 μg/mL范围内遵循比尔定律,回归方程为:A=0.0036 p+0.000095(p:μg/ml),检出限0.75μg/mL,表观摩尔吸光系数2.64×10(4)L·mol-1·cm-1,相关系数为r=0.9965,并初步探讨了反应机理.用实验方法对尿样及生物样品进行加标回收测定,回收率在95.4%～104.8%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.