高效液相色谱法测定贝类中的软骨藻酸

 介绍了用反相高效液相色谱 (RP HPLC)测定贝类中软骨藻酸的方法。样品以V(甲醇 )∶V(水 ) =1∶1的溶液提取 ,经LC SAX强阴离子柱固相萃取净化 ,用RP HPLC定量分析。方法的最小检出限为 0 2 μg/ g ,在 1 0mg/L～ 2 5 0mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系 ,测定结果准确 ,重现性好 ,回收率大于 96 %。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆和尿液中记忆丧失性贝毒软骨藻酸

建立了高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆及尿液中记忆丧失性贝毒软骨藻酸。人血浆及尿液样品加入6倍体积甲醇沉淀剂,涡旋离心后,取上清液进样测定。色谱柱为Zorbax SB C18柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),柱温30℃;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(13∶87,V/V),流速为1.0mL/min。该方法检测血浆和尿液中软骨藻酸的线性范围均为1.8~115μg/L,相关系数r=0.999,检出限为0.9μg/L,定量下限为1.8μg/L。该方法具有操作方便、专属性强、灵敏度高的特点,适用于人体血浆及尿液中软骨藻酸的测定。     

薄层色谱扫描法测定复印纸中单糖的研究

建立了通过薄层色谱扫描法测定复印纸样品水解液中的单糖含量鉴别纸张的新方法。复印纸样品水解后点样在以丙酮处理过的硅胶G薄层板上,以V(正丁醇)∶V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(异丙醇)∶V(乙酸)∶V(吡啶)∶V(水)=7∶20∶12∶7∶6∶5为展开剂,以苯胺-草酸为显色剂,测定了单糖的Rf值,以双波长反射吸收锯齿扫描测定(λS=510 nm,λS=610 nm),外标法定量。该法的线性关系较好,木糖和葡萄糖的检出线分别为4.1、2.5 ng,混合单糖标准品在同一薄层板上的峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%和2.1%,两种单糖的样品加标回收率为98.09%和98.18%。该方法具有分离效果好,操作简便,可用于复印纸样品水解液中两种单糖的同时测定,从而为法庭科学中复印纸的检验提供了可靠的依据。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定环境水中的苯胺和苯酚

建立了用高效液相色谱荧光检测法同时测定环境水中苯胺和苯酚的分析方法。色谱柱为EclipseXDB C8(4.6mmi.d.×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇 磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾 0 1mol/L磷酸氢二钠,pH6.87)V(甲醇)∶V(磷酸盐缓冲液)=50∶50,流速1 0mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长0minλex/λem=230/340nm(测定苯胺),3.5minλex/λem=215/300nm(测定苯酚)。测定苯胺的线性范围0.2～120ng,r=0.9999,检出限0.01ng;测定苯酚的线性范围0.4～500ng,r=0.9998,检出限0.02ng,回收率98.1%～101.2%。该方法已用于对环境水中苯胺和苯酚的测定。     

HPLC法测定新疆红景天根中总黄酮的含量

建立测定红景天根中总黄酮含量的HPLC法。采用Thermo-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,V(甲醇)∶V(0.4%H3PO4溶液)=50∶50为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,柱温25℃。槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素的线性范围分别为O.0128~0.0384、0.24~0.48及0.12~0.44μg;平均回收率分别为106.30%(RSD=1.97%)、102.30%(RSD=1.69%)和100.90%(RSD=1.62%)。所建立的HPLC法可用于测定红景天属植物中总黄酮的含量。     

HPLC法测定红景天除鞣质后红景天苷含量的变化

建立测定红景天溶液除鞣质前后红景天苷含量变化的HPLC法。采用Thermo-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,V(甲醇)∶V(水)=15∶85为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长275 nm,柱温25℃。红景天苷的线性范围为1.16~5.8μg;平均回收率分别为100.16%(RSD=0.62%)。所建立的HPLC法可用于测定红景天中红景天苷的含量。     

高效液相色谱-荧光法同时测定人体尿液中的酪氨酸和色氨酸

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定人体尿液中的酪氨酸(Tyr)和色氨酸(Typ)。采用Diamonsil C18柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),以水-乙腈(80∶20,V/V)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,荧光检测波长为λex=260nm、λ_(em)=340nm。Tyr和Typ的含量分别在0.10~6.0μg/mL及0.050~6.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9993),检测限分别为0.05μg/mL和0.02μg/mL。在三个添加水平的回收中,两种氨基酸的平均回收率在86.3%~122.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于8.51%。将所建立的方法应用于健康人、普通病人和癌症患者晨尿检测,结果发现:癌症患者尿样中色氨酸的水平与健康人和普通病人相比偏低。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定伤湿气雾剂中丹皮酚含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定伤湿气雾剂中丹皮酚含量的方法。在Polaris C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm)上,检测波长274 nm,柱温30℃条件下,研究了流动相中甲醇的含量对样品分离的影响。结果表明,V甲醇∶V水=45∶55时,效果最佳。丹皮酚的质量在0.021-0.420μg之间与峰面积呈线性关系。并测定了不同批号伤湿气雾剂中丹皮酚的含量,测定结果的RSD值(n=5)在0.91%-1.31%之间。对回收率作了试验,其结果在94.6%-98.2%之间。     

动物组织中金霉素残留测定的高效液相色谱柱后衍生反应研究

建立了动物组织中金霉素残留测定的高效液相色谱柱后衍生法,研究了镁离子和草酸体系对金霉素荧光强度的影响。结果表明,镁离子浓度和草酸浓度为1∶1.2时,金霉素的荧光强度最强。动物组织样品以5%高氯酸提取,正己烷脱脂,C18净化,Hy-persil ODS C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为甲醇∶0.05 mol/L草酸=80∶20(V/V),流速为0.7 mL/min,柱后0.05 mol/L乙酸镁衍生,流速为0.1 mL/min,紫外检测器和荧光检测器同时测定,提高了金霉素残留定量灵敏度。紫外检测波长365nm,荧光检测波长eλx=360 nm,eλm=520 nm。     

高效液相色谱法测定千金止带丸中芍药苷的含量

本文建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定千金止带丸中芍药苷含量的方法。采用Reliasil C18柱(150×4.6 mm i.d., 5μm),以乙腈水(12∶88,V/V)为流动相,在流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长230 nm,柱温40℃条件下,芍药苷在0.139 8~0.699 0μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,r =0.999 9,平均回收率为99. 09%, RSD = 0. 91%(n=5)。本法简便,准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于该药品成分的含量测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。