电场增强催化天然气合成碳二烃

电场增强催化天然气合成碳二烃许根慧孙洪伟何菲杜丽苹（天津大学Ｃ１化工国家重点实验室３０００７２）天然气是储量丰富和廉价的资源，利用天然气取代石油原料将其合理地转化成有价值的碳二烃（乙烯，乙烷等）是目前Ｃ１化工重要的研究课题。多年来国内外对甲烷氧化偶联...     

交叉羰基还原偶联法合成二茂铁基二芳基乙烯衍生物

通过低价钛引起的交叉羰基的偶联合成了二茂铁基二芳基乙烯衍生物,原料廉价易得,合成步骤简便,产率达７４％。     

乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯钯金催化剂的研究进展

醋酸乙烯(Vinyl Acetate VAc)又称醋酸乙烯酯,是世界上用量最大的有机化工原料之一,广泛用于生产聚醋酸乙烯乳液与树脂(PVAc)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚乳液(VAE)、氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVC)、聚丙烯腈共聚单体以及缩醛树脂等衍生物,在涂料、浆料、粘合剂、维     

吲哚衍生物合成与应用的研究进展

综述了以苯胺衍生物(或硝基苯衍生物)为原料合成吲哚衍生物的方法和吲哚衍生物的应用。吲哚类化合物的合成方法主要有：Fischer合成法,苯胺衍生物合成法,硝基衍生物合成法和Nenitzescu合成法等。吲哚衍生物在制药、染料和香料等领域有重要应用。参考文献105篇。     

C4烃催化裂解增产丙烯催化剂研究进展

1 增产丙烯技术 1.1 增产丙烯的重要性 丙烯是仅次于乙烯的最重要的基本有机化工原料之一,主要用于生产聚丙烯、丙烯腈和环氧丙环等产品. 受下游衍生物需求快速增长的驱动,丙烯消费量大提高,2003年我国丙烯的表观消费量达到6158kt,比2002年增长约7.3%.     

乙烯齐聚过程生成癸烯的催化体系研究进展

癸烯作为有机合成的基础原料,是现代化工生产中不可或缺且用量逐年增加的长链烯烃之一,目前工业上还没有一条采用乙烯齐聚法直接生产癸烯的工艺路线。乙烯通过齐聚反应可以制备长链烯烃,本文针对乙烯齐聚生成癸烯的反应,详细地阐述了国内外Cr催化体系的研究现状和取得的研究成果,包括催化剂的结构对产物癸烯选择性的影响、乙烯齐聚过程中发生乙烯、己烯共聚生成癸烯的聚合反应机理等;同时阐述了用于乙烯齐聚反应的Ni催化体系的研究现状,包括催化剂的结构与癸烯选择性之间的关系,配体树枝状大分子的结构对癸烯选择性的影响等。此外,还介绍了Fe、Ti、Zr等其他催化体系在催化乙烯齐聚生成癸烯方面所取得的研究进展,目的是为开发癸烯催化剂提供理论依据。     

硝基芴酮类化合物质谱与它的电荷转移复合物性质的关连

电子给体聚 N-乙烯咔唑和电子受体硝基芴酮衍生物的电荷转移复合物是广泛应用的有机光导体。它们的性能、应用和合成已有不少研究。本文用MAT-731质谱仪测定了我们合成的硝基芴酮衍生物的质谱。通过对其质谱行为和电子亲合势的考察,探讨了硝基芴酮衍生物的质谱行为,及其与 N-乙烯咔唑复合物的络合常数、光导性等的关连。     

1,1-二溴-2-取代苯基乙烯在环化反应中的应用

1,1-二溴-2-取代苯基乙烯是一种重要的有机合成中间体,该类化合物可以以芳醛为原料,通过Corey-Fuch法简便制备,并广泛应用于多取代烯烃、(E)-1-溴-2-取代苯基乙烯、芳炔、1,3-二炔(多炔)、芳炔溴化物和炔胺等化合物的合成。1,1-二溴-2-取代苯基乙烯中的(E)-Br和(Z)-Br存在明显的反应活性差异,因而适合于设计各种串联反应路线。近年来,利用其(E)-Br参与的Stille反应,Heck反应,Suzuki-Miyaura反应,Buchwald-Hartwig等各种偶联反应以及(Z)-Br和取代苯基邻位各种活性反应基团之间的环化反应,以1,1-二溴-2-取代苯基乙烯衍生物为底物合成了异香豆素类、茚类、吲哚类、异吲哚类、苯并噻吩和苯并呋喃类等多种具有重要生理活性或有合成价值的稠(杂)环化合物。本文从合成的化合物类别角度出发,对该领域近年来的研究进展进行了回顾和展望。     

聚集诱导发光有机氟化合物的研究进展

聚集诱导发光(aggregation-induced emission, AIE)化合物因在生物和化学传感、发光材料、显示等领域具有重要价值而备受关注.作为一类重要的功能分子,有机氟化合物在化学和材料等领域被广泛研究.汇总了具有聚集诱导发光性质的有机氟化合物,并进行了分类讨论.AIE有机氟化合物包括氟代的四苯基乙烯(TPE)衍生物、二苯乙烯基蒽(DSA)衍生物、氰基二苯基乙烯衍生物和二苯乙烯基苯衍生物等常见的AIE化合物,也包括聚合物、碳硼烷簇合物和室温磷光化合物,还有其它一些含氟结构.AIE化合物氟代后,稳定性一般会提高,氟原子参与分子间相互作用,导致聚集态的结构发生改变,从而导致发光性质的改变,如发光增强、发光波长红移(蓝移)或发光量子效率及发光寿命提高等.最后,对AIE有机氟化合物的研究前景进行了展望.     

乙烯类聚合物的概况

乙烯类聚合物是聚合乙烯或其衍生物而成,这类单基物的分子結構里,均含有乙烯基CH_2=CH-(氟的衍生物除外)。丁二烯及其衍生物也可当作乙烯的衍生物,但这类單基物不同於前一类,聚合时可以1,2-加成及1,4-加成两种形式進行,且經常以1,4-加成为主。生成的聚合物为不饱和碳鏈,可以硫化,     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。