多功能柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测玉米和花生中9种真菌毒素

建立了同时检测玉米和花生中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2、玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素和展青霉素的多功能柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经乙腈-水(体积比为86∶14)提取,多功能净化柱净化,采用C18柱分离,以甲醇、乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在线光化学衍生,以荧光和二极管阵列测器同时检测。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2、玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素和展青霉素的检出限分别为0.02μg/kg、0.01μg/kg、0.03μg/kg、0.05μg/kg、0.08μg/kg、0.04μg/kg、0.09μg/kg、0.20mg/kg和0.04 mg/kg,在相应浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.999,平均加标回收率为80.0%~101.5%,相对标准偏差在1.3%~5.6%之间。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足玉米、花生中9种黄曲霉毒素的检测。     

电化学衍生-高效液相色谱和荧光光度法检测花生酱中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-柱后电化学衍生-高效液相色谱结合荧光光度法检测花生酱中4种黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)的方法。样品经过体积分数为60%的甲醇提取,通过免疫亲和柱净化后,以KobraCell装置柱后衍生,高效液相色谱法分离定量。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2能达到完全的基线分离,检测限分别为0.5、0.15、0.5和0.15μg/kg,线性相关系数0.999,回收率可达74.2%～96.5%,相对标准偏差低于11%。该方法能够满足花生酱中黄曲霉毒素检测的需要。     

免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

建立了同时检测粮谷中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A的免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱方法。样品经过甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)提取,通过免疫亲和柱富集和净化,采用Waters Nova-Pak色谱柱(3.9 mm i.d.×150 mm,4 μm),以甲醇、乙腈和1%的磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱后光化学衍生、改变波长荧光检测。黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A检出限分别为0.24,4.0和0.5 μg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.24~6.0,4.0~100.0和0.5~40.0 μg/L;在小麦、玉米、黑麦样品中,平均加标回收率为70.8% ~94.0%,相对标准偏差为2.79% ~9.38%。     

免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉素、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

建立了同时检测粮谷中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A的免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱方法.样品经过甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)提取,通过免疫亲和柱富集和净化,采用Waters Nova-Pak色谱柱(3.9 mm I.d.×150 mm,4 μm),以甲醇、乙腈和1%的磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱后光化学衍生、改变波长荧光检测.黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A检出限分别为0.24,4.0和0.5 μg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.24～6.0,4.0～100.0和0.5～40.0 μg/L;在小麦、玉米、黑麦样品中,平均加标回收率为70.8% ～94.0%,相对标准偏差为2.79% ～9.38%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定植物油中苯并芘与黄曲霉毒素B_1,B_2,G_1,G_2

建立了植物油中苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。以乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1)提取样品,凝胶渗透色谱净化,以XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)分离,流动相为甲醇(含1%甲苯)和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速0.25 mL/min,大气压光致电离(APPI+),多反应监测模式扫描(MRM),外标法定量。结果表明,苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G25种化合物分别在0.3~25,0.5~30,1.0~10,1.0~30,1.0~10μg/kg范围内呈良好线性,相应定量下限分别为0.3,0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0μg/kg,相关系数为0.999 6~0.999 9;加标回收率为80.3%~106.8%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~10.0%。该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于植物油中苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的同时快速测定。     

柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的方法。用乙腈和水的混合溶液(体积比为80∶20)提取牛奶样品中4种黄曲霉毒素,提取液经Mycosep 228 AflaPat多功能净化柱净化,浓缩后采用C18色谱柱分离,光化学衍生后进入荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。对牛奶样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检出限分别为0.50,0.10,0.50,0.10μg/kg,回收率均在85%以上,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.72%～3.52%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,速度快,重现性好,满足牛奶中黄曲霉毒素检测的要求。     

基质固相分散液相色谱法检测辣椒产品中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了中性氧化铝-石墨化碳黑的基质固相分散共柱提取净化前处理和以溴为衍生试剂的液相色谱-柱后在线衍生荧光检测法,并将该方法用于辣椒产品中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的分析。对固相分散剂及共柱净化剂进行了选择和优化。该方法对B1,B2,G1,G2的平均回收率分别为95.4%,87.3%,91.5%和92.6%;方法对B1,G1的检出限为0.25 ng/g,对B2,G2的检出限为0.10 ng/g;对B1,B2,G1,G2进行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.3%,5.8%,4.7%和6.1%。对基质固相分散法和免疫亲和柱法的净化效果进行了比较,结果表明基质固相分散提取净化可以作为一种有效的方法用于辣椒产品中黄曲霉毒素的测定。     

超高效液相色谱法快速检测粮食中黄曲霉毒素的含量

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱法快速测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AF)的检测方法.样品经提取后,用免疫亲和柱净化、浓缩,Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 um)分离.以甲醇-水(40∶60,V/V)为流动相,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为1μL,荧光检测器检测,激发波长为360 nm,发射波长为440 nm,无需衍生.黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的保留时间小于5min,从样品前处理到结果分析整个过程小于45 min.根据3倍信噪比的峰响应值,确定黄曲霉毒素(B1,B2,G1,G2)检出限分别为0.15,0.05,0.40,0.06 pg,4种毒素在0.4 ～ 60.0 pg,0.2～15.0 pg,1.5～ 60.0 pg和0.2～15.0 pg范围内分别呈线性相关,相关系数R2值分别为0.9999,0.9999,0.9998和0.9992;在小麦、玉米、稻谷3类样品中加标回收率为77.4％ ～ 104.2％,精密度为1.8％ ～ 8.9％.本方法无需衍生即可同时测定粮食中4种黄曲霉毒素,适用于粮食中黄曲霉毒素的快速定量测定.     

在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测饲料中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)及黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)的方法。采用IMMUNOPREPONLINE AFLATOXIN(Part Code:P900)柱为在线固相萃取柱,Diamonsil Plus C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱为分析柱。样品中加入一定量的Na Cl和乙腈-水(80∶20,体积比)溶解,超声提取后,用于后续进样。样品溶液注入在线固相萃取小柱中,通过阀切换技术和HPD共聚焦洗脱模式将保留在SPE柱上的靶标物转移到分析柱中继续进行分离分析,采用外标法定量,采用正离子全扫描模式进行分析。在优化的色谱-质谱条件下,该方法对4种黄曲霉毒素的线性范围为0.5~50.0μg/L,检出限可达0.2μg/kg,定量下限可达0.5μg/kg。在0.5、1.0、5.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,饲料中4种黄曲霉毒素的回收率为94.6%~114.3%,相对标准偏差不大于8.3%。该方法分析时间短、自动化程度高、检测通量大、检测成本低,可作为饲料中AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的快速检测方法。     

基于多巴胺-氧化石墨烯复合物的搅拌棒吸附萃取/高效液相色谱法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素

建立了一种基于贻贝仿生化学涂层的搅拌棒吸附萃取/高效液相色谱/荧光检测器(SBSE/HPLC-FLD)同时测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法。基于贻贝仿生化学制备多巴胺-氧化石墨烯复合物固相萃取材料,利用搅拌棒吸附萃取技术对样品进行提取;以甲醇-乙腈-水(10%磷酸调至p H 3.5,体积比3∶3∶5)作为流动相,采用荧光检测器进行检测。结果显示,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2在0.200~10.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(相关系数r~2≥0.998 9),加标回收率为81.5%~96.9%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~3.4%,日间RSD为1.9%~3.5%,方法检出限为0.025~0.050μg/L。该方法高效、灵敏、可靠,能够满足食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的测定要求。     

Rapid determination of aflatoxins in corn and peanuts

A rapid and simple method using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in corn and peanuts has been developed. In this method, aflatoxins were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water (86:14) and then purified by solid-phase clean-up with a MycoSep#226 AflaZon(+) column. The toxins were determined by UPLC-UV without derivatizing aflatoxins in real samples, which has not been used in other studies. The mean recoveries of aflatoxins from non-infected peanut and corn samples spiked with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 at concentrations from 0.22 to 5 microg/kg were between 83.4% and 94.7%. The detection limits (S/N=3) for B1, B2, G1 and G2 were 0.32, 0.19, 0.32 and 0.19 microg/kg, and the corresponding quantification limits (S/N=10) were 1.07, 0.63, 1.07 and 0.63 microg/kg, respectively. We also applied this method on real samples. Among 16 peanut samples, 2 (12.5% incidence) were contaminated with aflatoxin; among 18 corn samples, 4 (22% incidence) were contaminated. The proposed method is rapid, simple and accurate for monitoring aflatoxins in corn and peanuts.     

全自动免疫亲和在线净化/高效液相色谱法快速高通量测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素

建立了全自动免疫亲和在线净化/高效液相色谱快速高通量测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFT)的分析方法。饲料样品经乙腈-水(80∶20,体积比)提取,3 g/L Triton X-100水溶液10倍稀释后,用自动进样器注入RIDACREST在线固相萃取系统并流经黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和小柱,以甲醇-水(45∶55,体积比)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,C18色谱柱(150 mm×3.5 mm,5μm)分离,光化学衍生,荧光检测器测定。根据3倍信噪比的峰响应值,确定黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检出限分别为0.08,0.05,0.18,0.08μg/kg,分别在1~100,0.24~24,0.56~56,0.24~24μg/kg范围内呈线性相关,相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 4,0.999 7,0.999 8和0.999 8;AFT在猪饲料、鸡饲料、宠物饲料和饲料原料4类样品中的加标回收率为72.6%~103%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.9%。该方法一次装柱可检测60个样品,液相色谱分析一个样品总的运行时间为15 min,所以1 d可检测70~80个样品,满足饲料中黄曲霉毒素快速高通量准确定量检测的需要。     

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, G2 and ochratoxin A in beer

The simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, G2 and ochratoxin A in beer was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Mycotoxins were extracted, purified and concentrated from the beer sample in one step using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge that contained a polymeric sorbent. Optimization of different parameters, such as type of SPE sorbent, type and amount of wash solvent and pH of the sample, was carried out. The mobile phase consisted of a gradient of methanol + water (0.1% HCOOH) and a reversed-phase C18 column was used for the separation. The mass spectrometer used an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive mode to detect aflatoxins and in the negative mode to detect ochratoxin. UPLC/MS/MS is a rapid and sensitive technique that allows the separation of the five toxins in only 3.2 min. The limit of detection is 1 pg.     

Cleanup procedure for determination of aflatoxins in major agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography

A simple, fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical cleanup procedure was developed for quantitation of aflatoxins in major important agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography (LC). Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with methanol-water (80 + 20, v/v), and after a single cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with basic aluminum oxide, they were quantitated by LC equipped with a C18 column, photochemical reactor, and fluorescence detector. Water-methanol-1-butanol (1,400 + 720 + 25, v/v/v) served as the mobile phase. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 2.5 microg/kg were 87.2 +/- 2.3, 82.0 +/- 0.8, 80.0 +/- 1.8, and 80.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. Similar recoveries, precision, and accuracy were achieved for corn, cottonseed, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The quantitation limit for aflatoxin B1 was 1 microg/kg. The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices.     

以局部结构类似物为类模板的分子印迹整体柱在线检测三甲氧苄啶

以三聚氰胺(MAM)为类模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚己二醇(PEG400)为致孔剂,原位聚合法制备了对三甲氧苄啶(TMP)有较强选择性吸附作用的分子印迹(MIP)整体柱.以该MIP整体柱为高效液相色谱柱,考察了其在不同色谱流动相组成条件下对TMP的识别性能.结果显示,MIP整体柱在甲醇、乙腈、水等条件下能够吸附TMP而不出峰.可以利用MIP整体.柱在甲醇-水( 80:20,V/V)中在线选择性吸附(或富集)TMP,然后将流动相转换为甲醇进一步除去疏水性杂质,最后用强洗脱剂洗脱TMP出峰.MIP整体柱线检测人血清中TMP的工作曲线为A=42.8c 3.03(r=0.9994);线性范围为8.3～93.8 mg/L;检出限为0.14 mg/L.     

Determination of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 in medicinal herbs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An easy method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 in Rhammus purshiana by LC coupled to mass spectrometry has been developed. Aflatoxins were extracted with a mixture of methanol and water and then it was purified by solid-phase clean-up using a polymeric sorbent, not described previously, for the determination of these toxins. The eluted extract was injected into the chromatographic system using a reversed-phase C18 short column with an isocratic mobile phase composed of methanol-water (30:70). A single-quadruple mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ion mode was used to detect aflatoxins due to derivatization presenting several disadvantages. Recoveries of the full analytical procedure were 110% for aflatoxin B1, 89% for aflatoxin B2, 81% for aflatoxin G1 and 77% for aflatoxin G2. Detection limit (S/N = 3) was 10 ng and quantification limit (S/N = 10) was 25 ng, calculated as amount in medicinal herb.     

Determination of aflatoxins in peanut products using reverse phase HPLC

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of the four major aflatoxins, B1, B2, G1 and G2, in peanut products. The aflatoxins are extracted by adapting a procedure developed by Pons (1) at the SRRC, USDA, and quantitated utilizing a new 5 mum reverse-phase column with NaCl/acetontrile/methanol mobile phase (3 + 1 + 1). The 5 mum column achieved baseline resolution of each of the four aflatoxins. Retention times and peak heights were reproducible. The procedure was successfully applied to several types of peanut products and was applicable to both roasted and unroasted peanuts, which is a decided advantage over the current CB and BF extraction methods. Additionally, it can be used for sweetened peanut matrixes with no interferences in the chromatography. The total time required for sample preparation and aflatoxin determination is less than 1.5 hours.     

基于QuEChERS提取的快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中的9种真菌毒素

建立了婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马毒素B1共9种真菌毒素的快速测定方法。试样用改良的QuEChERS方法进行提取,无需进一步净化,直接用液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行测定,基质外标法定量。在较宽的线性范围内,9种毒素的线性相关系数(r²)均不小于0.98,检出限为0.1~15.8 μg/kg,在3个不同添加水平下的加标回收率为77.6%~105.7%,RSD为2.5%~13.7%。采用建立的方法对市面上销售的41批次婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中的9种真菌毒素进行了筛查,数批产品检出不同含量的毒素。该方法准确、灵敏,可适用于婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中多种真菌毒素的快速分析。     

免疫亲和萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分离测定中成药及中药材中的5种黄曲霉毒素

利用免疫亲和萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱技术(UHPLC-ESI/QqQ-MS/MS)建立了中成药及中药材中5种黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1、G2和M1)的提取、分离、确证与定量方法。样品经80%(体积分数)的甲醇水溶液提取和免疫亲和固相萃取后,采用UHPLC-ESI/QqQ-MS/MS的多反应监测模式实现分离、鉴定和外标法定量。5种目标毒素标准溶液的检出限(LOD)为0.05～0.3 μg/L。在0.5～100 μg/L的基质添加浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2＞0.99);以甘草为例,当添加水平为1.0 μg/kg和5.0 μg/kg时,得到62.3%～82.4%的回收率(相对标准偏差(RSD)＜10%, n=6)。该方法灵敏度高、选择性和重复性好、回收率较高、检测速度快,适用于中成药及中药材等复杂基体中多种黄曲霉毒素的快速分析与筛查。     

液相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱测定粮油中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了超声提取-液相色谱-电喷雾三重串联四极杆质谱测定玉米、大米、大豆等粮油固体样品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2(AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2)的方法。分析前对样品进行超声提取,优化得到最佳超声提取条件: 溶剂为甲醇-水(含40 g/L NaCl) (80:20, v/v)溶液、料液比为1:3(g:mL)、温度为50 ℃、时间为3 min。然后对提取的样品进行免疫亲和特异性净化。最后与液相色谱-电喷雾三重串联四极杆质谱联用,使用C18反相色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液梯度洗脱,以黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)作为内标进行定量测定。结果表明,AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2的检出限分别为0.002、0.004、0.004和0.012 μg/kg。方法的加标回收率为87%～111%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)和日间RSD分别不大于6.7%和5.6%。实验结果表明该方法可以有效地降低基质效应的影响,相比于外标法能极大地提高方法的准确度。