碘的凝胶色谱测定方法

建立了碘折凝胶色谱测定方法。色谱条件为：Ｓｈｉｍ－ｐａｃｋ ＤＩＯＬ－１５０柱；流动相甲醇０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ３ＰＯ４（１０：９０）流速为１．２ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ；柱温为３５℃，检测波长为２２４ｎｍ；线性范围是０．０１０－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，相关系数为０．９９９３，检测限为０．００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为１．２％－４．６％；回收率为９１％－９８％。所建立的方法已用于食盐，尿，系带等样品的测试，均取得较好     

用硅质二醇固定相测定化学驱油体系中聚丙烯酰胺

用凝胶渗透色谱法在三种不同孔径大孔硅质二醇固定相上，快速定量测定了化学驱油体系中部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺，该方法以大二醇硅质ＳＩ－５００，ＳＩ－１０００，ＳＩ－３０００（孔径分别为５０ｎｍ，１００ｎｍ和３００ｎｍ）为固定相，以０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４为流动相，在２１０ｎｍ处检测，表面活性剂及聚合物驱油液中所有组分对聚丙烯酰的测定均无干扰，最低检测限为２ｍｇ／Ｌ～４ｍｇ／Ｌ，回     

中性红褪色光度法测定水中二氧化氯

１引言二氧化氯（ＣｌＯ２）是广谱杀菌消毒剂，空气或水中百万分之几的ＣＯ２，即可发挥作用．在多种测定方法中褪色光度法较简便易行，国外报道该类方法检测下最低达０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，最宽线性范围为０～２ｍｇ／Ｌ．本文研究了中性红的褪色反应，所建立的光度法其检测下限达０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，线性范围０～３．ｍｇ／Ｌ，可用于水中ＣｌＯ２测定．２实验部分２．１仪器及试剂岛津ＵＶ－２４０分光光度计．中性红（指示剂级）、蒸馏水．其它试剂皆为分析纯．中性红溶液：准确称取中性红ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸溶解配成１．０×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ…     

轻烃中痕量硫的紫外荧光分析系统的改进

开发了一种新的０．１－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ痕量硫的分析系统及方法，方法以Ａｎｔｅｋ７０００氧化裂解－紫外荧光定硫仪为基础，通过对进样系统、裂解管、及检测限等方面的改进、使单次分析样品最大进样量增加到５０μＬ。方法的检测限达到０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，满足了科研及生产工艺的需要。     

基于固定化酶的流动荧光法测定血清中的葡萄糖

本文将固定化酶柱，光纤以及停流技术结合起来，研究了以廉价而易得的硫胺素为荧光底物的葡萄糖的荧光分析，提出了一种快速、简便、精确地测定葡萄糖的新方法。其线性范围为１．０￣６０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，线性相关系数为０．９９９，检测限为０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ。以５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的葡萄糖作精度试验，ＲＳＤ％＝２．１％（ｎ＝１１）。该方法已成功地用于血清中葡萄糖的测定，结果与光度法相符。     

利用肼抑制中性红与亚硝酸根反应光度法测定肼

研究了肼对中性红与亚硝酸根之间反应的抑制作用,建立了动力学光度法测定肼的新方法,方法的线性范围为０．１５－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。应用于水样中肼的测定,结果满意。     

不完全抑制电导检测离子色谱法测定饮料中的苹果酸

采用一种抑制型离子色谱检测技术－－不完全抑制电导检测,以０．７５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ４＋ＮａＯＨ（ｐＨ＝１１．５）为淋洗液对弱酸根离子如苹果酸、酒石酸等进行了测定,得到苹果酸、酒石酸的检测限分别为１．３１ｍｇ／Ｌ、３．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ;在２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下相关系数分别为０．９９９８、０．９９９９;;各离子峰高的相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）分别为０．５７％、１．６０％。上率为９７．７￣１０４％。常见的强酸离     

应用水解还原铁（Ⅲ）—邻二氮菲光度法测定丙酮肟

丙酮肟在酸性条件下经加热水解生成个有还原性的羟胺,并将Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）定量还原为Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）,应用Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）－邻二氮菲光度法简接测定丙酮肟。选择了水解最佳条件（加热温度、时间、介质酸度、显以剂的加入顺序等）。结果表明,测定线性范围为０￣１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９８,最低检测浓度为０．０４６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＲＳＤ〈３．３％（ｎ＝５）。应用该法测定火力发电厂锅炉运行水中丙酮肟的含量,方法简便,灵敏度高。     

居室空气中甲醛的气相色谱法分析

建立了测定居室空气中甲醛的衍生气相色谱法。方法的检测限为０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ（水溶液）,当采气量为１０Ｌ时,最低检出浓度为０．０１ｍｇ／ｍ３（居室空气）,变异系数为４．１％～６．５％,回收率为７１．０％～９０．４％。     

粘度法研究胶态分散凝胶交联过程

通过粘度测定方法,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）／ 柠檬酸铝（ＡｌＣｉｔ） 交联过程中粘度变化的特性．聚合物浓度高的ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 体系粘度随反应时间的延长而上升,其体系粘度最终高于相同聚合物浓度的ＨＰＡＭ 溶液粘度．聚合物浓度低的ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 体系粘度随反应时间的延长而下降,其体系粘度低于相同聚合物浓度的ＨＰＡＭ 溶液粘度．ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 交联体系的聚合物浓度低于临界浓度时,交联反应后形成稀胶态分散凝胶（ＴＣＤＧ） ．在实验条件下,临界浓度在１５０ ～３００ｍｇ／Ｌ 之间．当聚合物浓度于临界浓度和７００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间时,形成浓胶态分散凝胶（ＣＣＤＧ） ;当聚合物浓度高于７００ｍｇ／Ｌ 时,ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 交联体系形成整体凝胶．     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。