固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中多环芳烃

1　引　　言多环芳烃是一类重要的致癌物质 ,故对环境样品中痕量的多环芳烃分析具有重要意义。高效液相色谱 荧光检测器检测是测定多环芳烃最常用的方法。由于传统方法样品处理需用溶剂萃取 ,操作麻烦 ,污染大 ,引入误差因素多 ,故我们研究了用固相萃取预分离和富集 ,高效液相色谱程序波长荧光检测器检测的方法 ,并用二极管矩阵检测器 (ＰＤＡ)辅助作峰识别和纯度分辨。该方法采用固相萃取小柱富集 ,具有富集倍数高 ,节省时间 ,环境污染小 ,不易乳化的优点 ,采用程序波长荧光检测器检测的同时又用ＰＤＡ检测器作了辅助峰识别和纯度分辨 ,利…     

在线富集高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中的多环芳烃

1　　引　　言多环芳烃是一类重要的致癌物质 ,环境样品中痕量的多环芳烃分析具有重要意义。其中高效液相色谱 程序波长荧光检测器检测是测定多环芳烃最常用的方法。紫外二极管矩阵检测器具有检验峰纯度、比较未知光谱与谱库光谱辅助定性的功能 ,其检测结果可靠性比程序波长荧光检测器高。但是紫外检测器灵敏度比荧光检测器低近两个数量级 ,对于清洁水样 ,多环芳烃含量很难达到紫外检测器的定量范围。为了解决清洁水样中多环芳烃的紫外二极管矩阵检测器检测 ,我们研究了色谱柱在线富集的方法 ,大大提高了多环芳烃的富集倍数 ,清洁水样中多…     

皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中5种多环芳烃

建立了皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽及苯并[g,h,i]苝等5种多环芳烃的检测方法。油炸食品样品经皂化法处理,用正己烷提取,经浓缩处理后,用乙腈溶解,经高效液相色谱荧光定量检测。分离柱为Waters PAH C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈体系,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长:苯并(a)蒽:λex=290 nm,λem=400 nm;其它4种目标物:λex=290 nm,λem=430 nm。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的定量限为0.1~0.6μg/kg。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的回收率为84.7%~106.3%,RSD为1.1%~3.2%(n=6),在相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。     

高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

采用高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外检测器串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃。通过液相色谱柱、荧光激发和发射波长等条件的优化,实现16种多环芳烃组分基线完全分离来和15种多环芳烃荧光高灵敏度检测,并通过荧光-紫外串联检测来提高定性的准确度等。在优化的实验条件下,荧光检测器的检出限为0.015~0.8μg/L;紫外检测器检出限为0.4~30μg/L;方法精密度为0.58%~1.36%(荧光)、1.13%~5.48%(紫外);样品加标回收率为76.4%~111%。     

直观推导式演进特征投影法测定中药丹参中3种丹参酮含量

利用化学计量学方法直观推导式演进特征投影法和高效液相色谱(二级管阵列检测器)产生的二维数据,解析丹参药材中重叠色谱峰,并对其中的活性成分-丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ进行测定。该方法能够快速测定复杂体系中药内的活性成分,显著提高分析效率。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定小麦中的多环芳烃

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定小麦中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的检测方法.采用氢氧化钾、甲醇体系恒温超声皂化反应,环己烷萃取,离心分离,旋转蒸发仪浓缩,硅胶小柱净化,最后使用尼龙0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤.采用LC-PAHs专用液相色谱柱分离,用水和乙腈进行梯度洗脱,优化了PAHs的分离测定条件,采用可调波长荧光检测器(FLD)和紫外检测器(VWD)检测.PAHs的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积的线性(R)在0.9991～0.9998之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均低于18%,回收率在79.8%～115.2%之间.方法可用于小麦中多环芳烃含量的检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定奶粉中多环芳烃

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定配方奶粉中多环芳烃的方法。样品经水提取、乙腈粗去蛋白，提取液经优化配比的MWCNTs和PSA固相萃取净化，用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。结果表明，11种多环芳烃的方法检出限为0.10～0.75μg/kg，低、中、高三个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为86.3%～97.4%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.4%～7.3%(n=6)。该方法简单快速、准确，适用于对奶粉样品中11种多环芳烃测定要求，可为食品卫生监管部门提供参考方法。     

直观推导式演进特征投影法对环境样本中多环芳烃的定性定量分析

基于新近发展的直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP), 本文提出了一个对二维数据进行同时定性定量的分析方法, 并将其成功地用于环境样本中多环芳烃化合物定量解析。对于一维色谱难以定量的重叠峰, HELP方法充分利用色谱、光谱两方面的选择性信息, 得到了具有真实物理意义的唯一解。在定性分辨结果的基础上, 本文还提出了三种可能的定量方法。这种二维数据的解析新方法, 能大幅度地降低对色谱分离条件的要求, 可直接用于复杂实际样本的定性定量分析。     

动物组织中金霉素残留测定的高效液相色谱柱后衍生反应研究

建立了动物组织中金霉素残留测定的高效液相色谱柱后衍生法,研究了镁离子和草酸体系对金霉素荧光强度的影响。结果表明,镁离子浓度和草酸浓度为1∶1.2时,金霉素的荧光强度最强。动物组织样品以5%高氯酸提取,正己烷脱脂,C18净化,Hy-persil ODS C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为甲醇∶0.05 mol/L草酸=80∶20(V/V),流速为0.7 mL/min,柱后0.05 mol/L乙酸镁衍生,流速为0.1 mL/min,紫外检测器和荧光检测器同时测定,提高了金霉素残留定量灵敏度。紫外检测波长365nm,荧光检测波长eλx=360 nm,eλm=520 nm。     

HPLC/FLD法测定环境样品和食品中的苯并[а]芘

样品用环己烷提取,提取液经硅镁型吸附剂-氧化铝柱净化后上机分析.色谱条件:Ultimate-C18柱,梯度洗脱,A相为水-乙腈(体积比40 : 60),B相为乙腈,荧光检测器(λex=350 nm,λem=430 nm).在此色谱条件下,比较了Waters-PAHs(多环芳烃)柱与Ultimate-C18柱分离16种PAHs(多环芳烃)的异同,发现苯并[a]芘在Ultimate-C18柱上与其他多环芳烃同样有良好的分离效果.仪器检出限为2 pg,方法检出限:气体样品0.1 ng/m3;水样0.2 ng/L;食用油0.2 μg/kg;海洋生物、陆地生物、家禽等生物样品为0.02 μg/kg.     

正交投影用于多波长色谱重叠峰分析

 将正交投影分辨 (OPR)技术用于多波长色谱重叠峰分辨 ,当色谱峰中最大重叠度小于或等于波长数时 ,用这一方法能从多波长色谱重叠峰中获得完全真解。基于双波长色谱分析 ,提出了一种新的色谱重叠峰中背景校正、组分数和纯组分信号区确定以及各组分重叠情况的分析方法 ,即双波长特征信息分析 (DWCI)。该法被成功的用于三组分双峰和双组分单峰重叠色谱的分析。     

Validated HPLC determination of the two fixed dose combinations (chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and mebeverine hydrochloride; carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide) in their tablets

Simple, rapid, and selective RP-HPLC methods with UV detection were developed for simultaneous determination of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and mebeverine hydrochloride (Mixture I) and carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide (Mixture II). The chromatographic separation in both mixtures was achieved by using an RP-C8 (octylsilyl) analytical column. For Mixture I, a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (50 + 50 + 0.2, v/v/v), pH 2.5, was used; the detector wavelength was 247 nm. For Mixture II, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate (50 + 50, v/v), pH 4.0, and the detector was set at 220 nm. Quantification of the analytes was based on measuring their peak areas. Both mixtures were resolved in less than 6 min. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedures were statistically validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, selectivity, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The linear dynamic ranges were 2.5-150 and 2.5-500 microg/mL for chlordiazepoxide HCI and mebeverine HCI, respectively, and 0.25-200 and 0.25-150 microg/mL for carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The validated HPLC methods were successfully applied to the analysis of their commercial tablet dosage forms, for which no interfering peaks were encountered from common pharmaceutical adjuvants.     

二极管阵列检测高效液相色谱重叠峰的双波长分析方法

把光度分析的双波长法应用于二极管阵列检测高效液相色谱重叠峰的数据处理。对于色谱峰严重重叠的双组分,只要它们的紫外可见吸收光谱有差异,就可通过计算两个波长下的峰面积（其中一个组分在这两波长时的峰面积之比为常数ｋ,并通过计算另一个组分在ｋ比例系数下的两波长峰面积差）进行定量测定。检测了混合硝基苯类化合物,结果令人满意。     

Cross-sections of spectrochromatograms for the resolution of overlapping peaks in diode-array high-performance liquid-chromatography

Multi-wavelength detectors offer improved detection capabilities for liquid chromatographic methods, but require multivariate approaches to utilise all the available information. The photodiode-array detector in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) generates a three-dimensional data matrix, which is conventionally presented as an isometric projection or a contour plot. In this work, a new graphical technique is described for improving the quantitative results obtained from HPLC, using the available spectrochromatographic information in both the time and wavelength domains. The technique consists of performing cross-sections through the data matrix to obtain the maximum analytical information for each of the analytes. Hence, the resolution of overlapping peaks and the sensitivity in the determination are optimised. In order to demonstrate the validity and simplicity of the approach, the method has been applied to the resolution of synthetic mixtures of iprodione, procymidone and chlorothalonil. Also, the method has been satisfactorily applied to the simultaneous determination of the pesticides in environmental groundwater samples.     

Parallel column liquid chromatography with a single multi-wavelength absorbance detector for enhanced selectivity using chemometric analysis

The selectivity of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations is increased using a parallel column configuration. In this system, an injected sample is first split between two HPLC columns that provide complementary separations. The effluent from the two columns is recombined prior to detection with a single multiwavelength absorbance detector. Complementary stationary phases are used so that each chemical component produces a detected concentration profile consisting of two peaks. A parallel column configuration, when coupled with multivariate detection, provides increased chemical selectivity relative to a single column configuration with the same multivariate detection. This enhanced selectivity is achieved by doubling the number of peaks in the chromatographic dimension while keeping the run time constant. Unlike traditional single column separation methodology, the parallel column system sacrifices chromatographic resolution while actually increasing the chemical selectivity, thus allowing chemometric data analysis methods to mathematically resolve the multivariate chromatographic data. The parallel column system can be used to reduce analysis times for partially resolved peaks and simplify initial method development as well as provide a more robust methodology if and when subsequent changes in the sample matrix occur (such as when new interferences show up in subsequent samples). Here, a mixture of common aromatic compounds were separated with this system and analyzed using the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM). Analytes that were significantly overlapped on both stationary phases applied, ZirChrom PBD and CARB phases, when used in traditional single column format, were successfully quantified with a R.S.D.% of typically 2% when the same stationary phases were used in the parallel column format. These results indicate that a parallel column system should substantially improve the chemical selectivity and quantitative precision of the analysis relative to a single-column instrument.     

Analysis of PAHs in air-borne particulates in Hong Kong City by heuristic evolving latent projections

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Spectral correlation of high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection data from two independent chromatographic runs peak tracking in pharmaceutical impurity profiling

A novel qualitative analytical method for peak tracking in impurity profiling control by the correlation of spectra was established. Two-dimensional (2D) standard spectrochromatographic data produced by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were compared with sample data to develop two-dimensional chromatographic spectral correlative maps. Taking full advantage of separation efficiency of HPLC and spectral specificity of the analytes, the method was successfully used to recognize impurities in quinolone antibacterials, when in combination with relative retention times (RRTs). For the comparison of spectra was expanded to three-dimensional space, simultaneous identification of the chromatographic peaks can be obtained rapidly without preparation and injection of a reference solution, even when the mobile phase changed or the peaks of multi-component samples overlapped.     

直观推导式演进特征投影法分辨枸杞类胡萝卜素的异构体

采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测方法,初步分离了枸杞子中的类胡萝卜素。以乙腈-二氯甲烷(体积比为60∶40)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,用C18柱从枸杞类胡萝卜素中分离出7个峰。但由于类胡萝卜素的结构多样性,尤其是顺反异构体的出现使得分离并不完全。利用所得三维数据提供的信息和化学计量学方法直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP),对其中某些在二维色谱中被定性为单组分的峰进行解析,结果发现原来在二维色谱中被定性为单组分的峰大多是一些多组分峰。以其中第4个峰为例对其进行解析,得到了该类胡萝卜素的同分异构体色谱流出曲线及紫外光谱信息。该方法表明,化学计量学方法与现代分析手段有机结合,大大降低了此类复杂体系对色谱分离的要求,对同分异构体的分析具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

Translation Modification Iteration for Resolution and Quantification of Overlapping Chromatographic Peaks

A novel algorithm, translation modification iteration (TMI), is proposed for resolving overlapping chromatographic peaks. By this method, a series of similar peaks are obtained from the initial construction of single component peaks and approach the profiles of real single component peaks by iteration. Both simulated and experimental data are investigated with TMI, consequently overlapping peaks can be resolved into reasonable single component peaks easily and efficiently. Quantitative analysis is also successfully achieved in both simulated and experimental data, and the quantitative results obtained from TMI are superior to those obtained from perpendicular drop (PD) and tangent skim (TS) methods. Without too much time devoted to the procedure, TMI is a simple and practicable method for resolution and quantification of overlapping chromatographic peaks.

     

Rapid Determination of Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone in Human Plasma Sample and Chinese Patent Medicine Xiang Sha Yang Wei Capsule Using HPLC‐DAD Coupled with Second‐order Calibration

A novel methodology that combines high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detector (HPLC‐DAD) coupled with second‐order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm was used in determination of the effective constituents such as costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone, in plasma sample and Chinese patent medicine Xiang Sha Yang Wei (XSYW) capsule. Complicated systems such as plasma and Chinese patent medicine which have intricate components are tedious to isolate and purify. The problem that chromatographic peaks are heavily overlapped among the analytes and interferents from the background matrices can be resolved, and the satisfactory quantification results have been gained with the help of the ATLD algorithm which utilized "mathematical separation" instead of partial "physical or chemical separation". Meanwhile, HPLC‐MS/MS method was used to validate the accuracy of the proposed determination method.