抗坏血酸在聚甲苯胺蓝膜修饰的玻碳电极上的电催化氧化及流动注射分析

在玻碳电极上用循环伏安法电聚合一层聚甲苯胺蓝膜,该膜修饰电极对抗坏血酸(VC)的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,能够降低其过电位约100mV。将该修饰电极应用于流动注射能大大提高VC的检测灵敏度,其线性范围为2.0×10-7～1.2×10-3mol·L-1,检出限为4.8×10-8mol·L-1,连续注射检测,其电流信号能够保持稳定24h。     

聚天青Ⅰ玻碳修饰电极对血红蛋白催化还原

报道了天青Ⅰ在玻碳电极上的电化学聚合 ,研究了聚天青I修饰电极的电化学性质。该电极在 0 .2 5mol L硫酸底液中于 +0 .8～ - 0 .8V电位范围内有 3个峰 ,峰 1,3是一对氧化还原峰。Ep1 =+0 12 3V ,Ep2 =- 0 .432V ,Ep3 =- 0 .12 5V(vs.Ag AgCl) ,并在 0 .2 5mol L硫酸溶液中研究了聚天青修饰电极对血红蛋白的催化还原 ,血红蛋白浓度在 0 .5～ 6 0mg L范围内与峰电流呈线性关系 ,其回归方程Ip=1 0 0 2× 10 - 5+0 .15 6× 10 - 5C ,r=0 .9995。文中对电催化过程进行了探讨     

磷钼钒杂多酸-聚吡咯膜修饰电极测定污水中亚硝酸根离子

采用电化学方法在导电基体玻碳电极上制备出磷钼钒杂多酸-聚吡咯膜修饰电极,研究了NO-2在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,磷钼钒杂多酸-聚吡咯膜修饰电极对酸性水溶液中的NO-2具有良好的电催化还原作用,与空白玻碳电极相比。降低过电位1000mV以上,而且N0-2的浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-2mol·L-1范围内,催化峰电流与NO-2浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达1.0×10-6mol·L-1,用于环境水中NO-2的测定,结果良好。     

亚硝酸根在纳米金修饰玻碳电极上的电催化氧化行为及其测定

采用直接电化学沉积法制备出纳米金修饰玻碳电极,研究了其对亚硝酸根的电催化氧化作用。结果表明,亚硝酸根在该修饰电极上于0.8 V处出现了一个良好的氧化峰。在最优实验条件下,亚硝酸根的峰电流与其浓度在2×10-6～2×10-3mol/L范围内呈一定的线性关系,检出限为6.0×10-7(S/N=3),提出了用循环伏安法测定亚硝酸根的方法。纳米金修饰电极用于东莞自来水水样中亚硝酸根的测定,回收率在98.1%～101.4%之间。对比本方法,用分光光度法对东莞自来水样中亚硝酸根进行了测定,结果满意。     

聚吖啶橙修饰电极上对苯二酚的电催化及分析应用

将吖啶橙修饰到玻碳电极表面,并研究了此电极上对苯二酚的电化学行为及其检测,发现聚吖啶橙修饰电极对对苯二酚有明显的电催化作用,使其氧化电位降低,峰电流增大。在优化的测试条件下,氧化峰电流与对苯二酚浓度在6.8×10-7~9.6×10-5mol.L-1和3.5×10-4~2.1×10-3mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系。在零电位处闭路富集130 s,测得其检出限为3×10-7mol.L-1,用于模拟废水样的分析,测得对苯二酚的回收率在97.3%~103.0%之间。     

聚吖啶橙修饰电极上多巴胺的电化学行为及其伏安法检测

在玻碳电极上用电化学方法制备了聚吖啶橙修饰膜电极并研究了此电极上多巴胺的电化学行为及其检测。多巴胺在聚吖啶橙修饰电极上于0.50V和0.47V处出现一对灵敏、可逆的氧化还原峰。在最佳测试条件下,氧化峰电流与多巴胺浓度在2.8×10-7～5.3×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。0V处闭路富集150s,检出限为7.0×10-9mol·L-1,用于多巴胺针剂含量的测定,结果满意。     

烟酰胺辅酶在聚甲苯胺蓝膜修饰的玻碳电极上的电催化氧化

用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上电沉积一层稳定的甲苯胺蓝聚合物膜 ,研究了这层膜在 0 .2mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液 (pH 6 .86 )中的电化学性质 ,并且考察了该膜修饰的玻碳电极对烟酰胺辅酶 (NADH)的电催化作用 ,用旋转圆盘电极测量了NADH在该修饰电极上的催化反应常数。实验发现 ,在该修饰电极上 ,NADH氧化峰电位比未修饰的玻碳电极负移了 4 5 0mV ,且其催化反应速率常数为 3.5× 10 3 L·mol-1·s-1,说明聚甲苯胺蓝膜对NADH有良好的电催化作用     

聚吖啶橙修饰电极的电化学行为及其对肾上腺素的电催化性能

研究了聚吖啶橙 (POAO)修饰电极及其电化学性能 ,并用于肾上腺素 (EP)的电化学测定。EP在POAO修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰 ,与裸玻碳电极 (GCE)相比 ,其峰电位负移了 2 30mV ,明显降低了EP的氧化过电位。在pH 6 .0的磷酸氢二钠 柠檬酸缓冲溶液中 ,氧化峰电流与EP的浓度在 4 .5× 10 - 7～ 9.2× 10 - 5mol L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检出限为 1.0× 10 - 9mol L。可用于实际样品中EP的测定     

聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极对去甲肾上腺素的电催化氧化

研究了L 赖氨酸在玻碳电极上电化学聚合的条件及修饰电极的电化学特性,发现该聚合膜对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的电氧化有显著的催化作用,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7)中,恒电位-0.2V富集2.0min后,用方波溶出伏安法对NE进行了测定,线性范围为1.0×10-8～5.0×10-4mol L,检出限(信噪比=3)为8 2×10-10mol L。对1.0×10-7mol LNE平行测定8次相对标准偏差为2 4%。     

聚L-苏氨酸修饰电极对多巴胺和肾上腺素的电催化氧化

利用循环伏安法将L-苏氨酸聚合修饰在玻碳电极表面, 制成聚L-苏氨酸修饰电极. 实验表明, 该电极对多巴胺和肾上腺素都有较好的催化氧化效果. 运用循环伏安法详细研究了修饰电极的电化学性质. 在pH 2.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中, 肾上腺素的电子传递系数为0.51, 表观反应速率常数为1.33 s-1; 在pH 7.5的PBS中, 多巴胺在电极上产生一对氧化还原峰, 多巴胺在电极上的电子传递系数为0.60, 表观反应速率常数为0.92 s-1. 该修饰电极对多巴胺和肾上腺素能够进行同时测定, 还原峰电流与多巴胺和肾上腺素浓度分别在1.0×10-6-5.0×10-4 mol·L-1和3.0×10-6-1.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。