固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定鸡肝中磺胺类药物残留量

建立了一种鸡肝中7种磺胺类药物残留量固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱分析方法。对样品提取后磺胺类药物在氨基键合固相萃取柱上的保留行为进行了研究。采用Intersil ODS-3 C18柱,以甲醇-乙腈冰．乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱,进行高效液相色谱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。7种磺胺类药物标准曲线的线性回归系数均在0．999以上,线性范围为25—10000μg／L;检出限在8—12μ／kg之间;在50、100、200μg／kg^3个添加浓度水平下添加回收率在69．6％-91．3％范围内;相对标准偏差在4．3％-8．0％之间。该方法具有快速、灵敏、环保的特点,符合现行兽药残留分析的要求。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法同时分析兽药粉剂中11种磺胺类药物

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法同时测定兽药粉剂中11种磺胺类药物的分析方法。试样采用95%乙腈提取,经碱性氧化铝固相萃取小柱净化,15%乙腈复溶残渣后用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱分离,0.017 mol/L磷酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器进行检测。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,11种磺胺类药物的色谱分离和相应光谱图匹配理想;在0.25～10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;兽药粉剂中添加0.5～5.0 mg/kg水平的11种磺胺类药物的回收率在67%～97%之间,相对标准偏差为1.5%～9.9%;以3倍信噪比(S/N=3)结合相应光谱图计算得11种磺胺类药物的检出限均为0.25 mg/kg。     

固相萃取-梯度洗脱高效液相色谱法同时检测饲料中十三种磺胺类药物

建立了一种同时检测饲料中十三种磺胺类药物含量的方法,样品用磷酸盐缓冲液提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,梯度洗脱-HPLC分析,方法定量下限为0．5mg／kg,在0．5～10．0mg／kg添加水平上的回收率为63．6％～118．2％,相对标准偏差4．78％～17．24％,方法简便．适用于饲料中低含量磺胺类药物检测．     

水产品中14种磺胺类药物残留的HPLC法同时测定

建立了HPLC法同时分离并检测鱼、虾等水产品中14种磺胺类抗菌药物。样品经无水硫酸钠脱水后,乙腈提取药物,再用乙腈饱和正己烷脱脂净化。以乙腈-3％冰醋酸为流动相,采用梯度淋洗,于268nm波长处检测．该法的检出限为0．01～0．02mg／kg,样品的加标回收率为66％～92％。     

反相高效液相色谱／质谱法同时测定鸡肉中5种喹诺酮药物残留

采用反相高效液相色谱／四级杆串联质谱（RP-HPLC／MS／MS）同时测定鸡肉中的5种喹诺酮药物（quinolones，QNs）。均质后的鸡肉样品采用磷酸盐缓冲溶液和乙腈的混和溶液提取。提取液经正己烷液-液分配（LLP）去除脂肪后，用C18固相萃取（SPE）柱净化，氨化甲醇洗脱，洗脱液用氮气吹干，流动相定容后，分析物采用LC／MS／MS电喷雾电离（ESI），正离子，多反应监测（MRM）模式检测，外标法定量。在添加浓度2．5～10μg/kg范围内，5种QNs的回收率在79．8％～95．1％之间；相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于11．7％。环丙沙星、丹诺沙星、恩诺沙星检出限（LOD）为0．5μg／kg，沙托沙星为1．0μg／kg，氟甲喹为0．1μg／kg。     

HPLC法对鱼肉中3种四环素类和5种氟喹诺酮类兽药残留的同时测定

建立了水产品中四环素类和氟喹诺酮类兽药多残留同时检测的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经甲醇-水（体积比2：8,pH5．3）提取,C18固相萃取小柱净化,以甲醇-丙二酸＋氯化镁水溶液作流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测。对样品前处理和色谱分析条件进行了优化,8种抗生素（土霉素、四环素、金霉素、沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星、达氟沙星、环丙沙星、单诺沙星）在0．1～10mg／L范围内线性关系良好。方法的检出限（S／N=3）为0．011～0．051mg／kg,定量下限（S／N=10）为0．035～0．17mg／kg,平均加标回收率为81％～96％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．5％～10．5％。该方法适用于水产品中抗生素多残留的测定。     

高效液相色谱-电化学阵列检测器检测10种磺胺药物在鸡肉中的残留

建立了一步有机溶剂提取、HPLC分离、多孔石墨电极阵列检测器检测10种磺胺类药物在鸡肉中残留量的方法。采用乙腈-氯仿混合液(乙腈：氯仿=10：1)提取，10种磺胺药物的提取收率均大于50％；研究了磺胺类药物在多孔石墨电极上的氧化还原特征，确定检测电势为455，560，630，670和710mV；优化了HPLC分离条件，Hypersil BDS C-18色谱柱，pH5、30mmoL／L磷酸二氢钠、8．5％-37．5％乙腈(V/V)线性梯度洗脱，40min内实现10种磺胺药物的基线分离，鸡肉中提取的杂质不干扰样品分离；方法的检出限(S/N=3)为磺胺二甲异喔唑(SIA)40μg／kg及磺胺(SA)、磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SMZ)、磺胺吡啶(SPD)、磺胺噻唑(STZ)、磺胺甲噻二唑(SMTZ)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)和磺胺甲基异喔唑(SMX)等分别为20μg／kg，在0．1—2．0mg/L浓度范围内各磺胺类药物与其响应信号呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数(r)均大于0．9978；电极再生方法简单，可实现在线清洗，适用于食用畜禽产品中磺胺类药物残留量的分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中8种磺胺类药物残留量

提出了一种快速、准确地同时测定动物组织中磺胺类药物残留量的检测方法。样品中加入无水硫酸钠后,用乙腈均质、提取,在离心后的沉淀物中加入乙腈,再次提取,合并乙腈提取液。提取液用乙腈饱和正己烷溶液净化,去除脂肪和杂质,用高效液相色谱方法进行测定。通过优化色谱条件,利用紫外检测器(VWD)或二极管阵列检测器(DAD)对8种磺胺类药物残留进行同时测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.1％～12.8％,平均回收率为62.7％～105．1％,检出限为10μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱法测定畜禽肉中10种磺胺类药物残留量

提出了超高效液相色谱法测定畜禽肉中10种磺胺类药物残留量的方法。样品经乙酸-乙腈(1+99)混合溶剂提取,旋转蒸发后用乙酸(0.1+99.9)溶液溶解,正己烷净化。以AcquityUPLC BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比混合的乙腈和乙酸(0.1+99.9)溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器于波长265nm检测。10种磺胺类药物的质量浓度与其峰面积均在0.05～10mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2～6μg.kg-1。方法的回收率在70.8%～93.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=9)在2.7%～7.7%之间。     

固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定姜黄中的苏丹色素

研究了姜黄中4种苏丹色素的液相色谱测定方法。姜黄中4种苏丹色素经正己烷提取,Supelco中性氧化铝小柱净化,色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse XDBC18,以乙腈-水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器测定。该法检出限分别为0．040,0．058,0．038,0．060mg／kg,回收率在84．5％～94．3％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤4．5％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.