弱酸110离子交换树脂的酸度

本文利用电位滴定法,测定了弱酸110离子交换树脂的滴定曲线,并提出了改正的Henderson-Hasselbach方程式,按此方程式求得树脂的pK值为4.9。     

酸碱滴定中pH函数导数峰值的应用

在Godon模型的基础上,应用pH函数导数峰值法和多点标准加入法来测定酸碱组分的pK值及其含量。在T＇～pH图形上,峰位对应于组分的pK值,峰高正比于组分的浓度。     

Dane盐-甲亚胺法合成单环β-内酰胺的研究

用Dane盐与不同取代的二苯甲亚胺环合,制备了11种未见报道的α-酰氨基-β-内酰胺,研究了二苯甲亚胺的取代基对成环反应的影响;用逐步回归分析方法建立了环合反应收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的取代常数之间的相关关系。研究表明,环合收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的电性效应常数σ值呈负的线性关系,与甲亚胺的 pK(?)值呈正的线性关系。利用取代基的σ值和甲亚胺的pK(?)值可以预测同系列化合物成环反应活性的相对高低。     

聚天冬氨酸酸解离常数的测定

采用pH电位滴定法，利用先进的BEST程序，针对聚羧酸在水溶液中解离及平衡常数测定的复杂性，构建了聚天冬氨酸（PASP）在水溶液中解离的H4L和H2L两种模型，分别测得了相应的各级酸解离常数，并得到了PASP在不同pH条件下的物种分布曲线。在35℃，I=0．1时，对于H4L模型，各级酸解离常数的pK,值为：2．27、3．66、4．22、5．40；对于H2L模型，相应的pK,值为2．92、4．84。研究结果表明，两种模型计算结果均能与实验结果很好吻合，但H4L模型误差更小，因此是一种更为合理的模型。     

无机含氧酸的强度与結构的关系

1.提出计算无机含氧酸的pK值的经验公式。计算结果与实验值极为接近。 2.由于公式中包含有各项结构因素如电负性值、配键、双键、OH基、已电离的OH基等。讨论了各项因素对酸性强度的影响,并计算出其影响的大小。 3.还计算了一般在前人无法计算的OH,H_2O,H_2O_2,H_2S_2O_3,H_2N_2O_2,H_2CrO_4,HSO_3Cl的pK值。 4.提供计算3价金属离子水解及其氢氧化物酸式电离的pK值的经验公式,计算结果与实验值非常接近。也讨论了结构因素对酸性强度的影响。     

无机含氧酸电离常数的计算

本文提出了一个计算无机含氧酸 pK 值经验公式。对于 MO_n(OH)_m 酸,比式(2)多引一个电负性参数。对于 M(OH)_m 酸,比式(2)多引一个电负性和一个原子价参数。形式是简单的。用这公式计算的结果表明较以前的工作有所改进。67个含氧酸的 pK 值平均偏差是0.56。本文还提出了多中心原子含氧酸 pK 值的计算方法。另外,说明了公式(4)的各项意义。对一些争议之处也作了简单的讨论。     

一个新的计算无机含氧酸强度的经验公式

本文从无机含氧酸的结构出发,提出了一个计算无机含氧酸强度的经验公式(2),并分析了各结构因素对 pK 值所作的贡献。该式所算的82个酸的 pK 值的平均偏差为0.46。本文还将把(2)式推广用于拟卤素     

Intrinsic Surface Reaction Constant in 1-pK Model of Mg-Fe Hydrotalcite-like Compounds

The relationship among intrinsic surface reaction constant (K) in 1-pK model, point of zero net charge (PZNC) and structural charge density (σst) for amphoteric solid with structural charges was established in order to investigate the effect of σst on pK. The theoretical analysis based on 1-pK model indicates that the independent PZNC of electrolyte concentration (c) exists for amphoteric solid with structural charges. A common intersection point (CIP) should appear on the acid-base titration curves at different c, and the pH at the CIP is pHPZNC. The pK can be expressed as pK=-pHPZNC log[(1 2αPZNC)/(1-2αPZNC)], where αPZNC≡σst/eNANs, in which e is the elementary charge, NA the Avogadro‘s constant and Ns the total density of surface sites. For solids without structural charges, pK=-pHPZNC. The pK values of hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) with general formula of [Mg1-xFex(OH)2](Cl,OH)x were evaluated. With increasing x, the pK increases, which can be explained based on the affinity of metal cations for H^- or OH^- and the electrostatic interaction between charging surface and H^- or OH^-.     

2,4-二硝基氟苯柱前衍生测定山黧豆毒素β-ODAP

利用2,4-二硝基氟苯为柱前衍生试剂,建立了测定山黧豆中毒素β-Ν-草酰基-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸(简称-βODAP)及其无毒性的异构体α-N-草酰基-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸(简称α-ODAP)的恒组分洗脱高效液相色谱方法。利用固相萃取进行样品预处理并优化了流动相的pH值,利用Hyperchem和Gaussian 98优化得到二者的空间结构并计算了它们的极性,从理论上解释了两个异构体的色谱行为。最佳色谱条件是固定相C18,5μm,15 mm×4.6 mm,流动相为25 mmol/L KH2PO4/乙腈,(90∶10,V/V),流速为0.8 mL/m in,室温,测定了特定条件下山黧豆成长过程中两个异构体的含量。     

络合滴定中的掩蔽效应沉淀掩蔽效应公式及其应用

一、前言曾经証明,在氨羧络合滴定中,当干扰离子N与被测离子M同时存在时,如果pK′_(MY)愈大,pK′_(NY)愈小;原始浓度M_0愈大,N_0愈小,则滴定M离子的誤差愈小。因此,适当提高溶液的酸度(利用酸效应)以降低干扰离子的pK′_(NY)值,或加入其他络合剂(利用络合掩蔽效应)以降低干扰离子浓度N_0,都可得到消除干扰的效果。当干扰离子与某种试剂生成难溶的沉淀时,也能降低干扰离子浓度,达到掩蔽干扰的目的,称为沉淀掩蔽效应。在络合反应与沉淀反应之间的平衡情况,文献,曾用数学推导作过某些说明,但对络合滴定中     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。