SECRAL控制系统软件设计(英文)

为提高兰州重离子加速器HIRFL的超导离子源SECRAL的控制效率,2011年7月份设计和建立了一个远程控制系统。 作为该系统的一个部分, 这个控制软件使用C++来实现。 它能够控制和监视SECRAL的所有设备,大概110个参数。而且,为了控制不同种类的设备,该软件使用了很多不同的控制协议。 除此以外, 在SECRAL的运行过程中, 若有误操作发生, 便有可能导致超导离子源的失超。为了不发生这样的误操作, 在硬件和软件中都增加了报警和连锁保护功能。该软件能够在1 s内进行报警和连锁保护。同时,为了以后的分析,该软件能够将从控制器上每隔1 s获取的数据存储到硬盘上。To improve the control efficiency of Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion source (SECRAL) for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL), a remote control system was designed and set up in July 2011. The control software package, as a part of the system, was implemented by Visual C++, which is able to control and monitor all of the equipments for the SECRAL system with about 110 parameters. And many kinds of control protocols were used for controlling different types of equipments in this software. Moreover, in order to prevent the misoperation which may cause the quench of the superconducting magnet, alarm and interlock protection functions are added to the software and hardware too. If some errors occur during the running of SECARL, those functions should take effect within 1 s. Simultaneously, the data acquired from the equipments can be stored in disk every 1 s for following analysis.     

SECRAL在18GHz频率下产生强流高电荷态离子束的初步结果

A Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) was successfully built to produce intense beams of highly charged ions for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL).The ion source has been optimized to be operated at 28GHz for its maximum performance.The superconducting magnet confinement configuration of the ion source consists of three axial solenoid coils and six sextupole coils with a cold iron structure as field booster and clamping.For 28GHz operation,the magnet assembly can produce peak mirror fields on axis 3.6T at injection,2.2T at extraction and a radial sextupole field of 2.0T at plasma chamber wall.A unique feature of SECRAL is that the three axial solenoid coils are located inside of the sextupole bore in order to reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole coils and the solenoid coils. During the ongoing commissioning phase at 18GHz with a stainless steel chamber,tests with various gases and some metals have been conducted with microwave power less than 3.2kW and it turned out the performance is very promising.Some record ion beam intensities have been produced,for instance,810eμA of O~(7 ),505eμA of Xe~(20 ),306eμA of Xe~(27 ),21eμA of Xe~(34 ),2.4eμA of Xe~(38 ) and so on.To reach better results for highly charged ion beams,further modifications such as an aluminium chamber with better cooling,higher microwave power and a movable extraction system will be done,and also emittance measurements are being prepared.     

兰州全永磁ECR离子源——LAPECR1

The Lanzhou All Permanent magnet ECR ion source NO.1(LAPECR1)is the first all permanent magnet multiple ECRIS made in IMP.This ECRIS is running at 14.5GHz and can provide intense low charge state ion beams(varying from several to hundreds of eμA)or medium charge state ion beams(varying from several to tens of eμA).The size of source body is (?)102mm×296mm,the compactness and economical features enable the source suitable to be put on a HV platform or equipped by a small laboratory.This article gives the main parameters of the ion source.     

HIRFL—CSR实验环电子冷却装置调试

HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置采用了能够产生空心电子束的电子枪。弯曲螺线管内采用了静电偏转电极，冷却段采用了独立的高精度螺线管串联产生纵向磁场的设计。测量了沿离子束运动方向冷却段磁场分布及磁场平行度、电子枪和收集器性能、300kV高压电源相关参数。结果表明，此装置达到了预期的设计目标。: In CSRe electron cooling device， a special electron gun which can produce variable profile electron beam with different size and density distribution was adopted for decreasing ion losses. Electrostatic bending device was used for reducing electron beam losses and improving vacuum condition. The instability of the electron beam is suppressed because the secondary electrons from collector would come back to the collector in the same orbit finally. Longitudinal magnetic field with parallelism better than 10-4 was achieved by adopting of independent high precise solenoid coils at cooling section. In this case， the r.m.s deviations of the transverse magnetic field at cooling section in horizontal and vertical direction are 3.298×10-5 and 2.458×10-5 respectively. The characters of the gun and collector were investigated. The results were presented and indicate that it achieves the design purpose very well.     

一台用于空间状态模拟的紧凑型质子源

A compact proton beam source for space simulation has been developed.A compact structure was designed in order to meet the special requirements of miniaturization.Some particular means have been adopted for improving the proton portion and beam transmission at a long distance.The experimental results showed that 8mA/30keV proton beam can be successfully obtained from this source at about 700W input microwave power.     

SECRAL超导磁铁电源控制

超导离子源(SECRAL)的超导磁铁电源的控制非常重要。为防止超导磁铁的失超,需要对超导磁铁电源采用恰当的策略进行控制。在SECRAL系统中,4台电源分别为4个超导线圈独立供电,供电的电流大小不同,电流上升和下降的速率也不同。4个线圈的电流不平衡,将导致整个超导磁铁失超,所以超导线圈的电流上升和下降过程必须协同完成。为了提升磁铁电源的安全性和稳定性,设计并实现了一个远程控制系统。在硬件方面使用串口通讯服务器实现TCP/IP网络通讯与RS232串行通讯间的协议转换。软件使用VC++直接对串口编程完成。该系统能够自动完成4台电源的同步操作,简化了超导离子源SECRAL的调试过程,提高了操作过程中的安全性。     

ECR离子源外电子注入技术研究

使用电子枪对ECR（Electron Cyclotron Resonance）等离子体注入外电子束是继铝衬弧腔、偏压盘之后,对等离子体电子的额外补充的又一种手段,通过向弧腔中注入一定能量与流强的电子束,以期提高引出束流的流强与电荷态。但由于该方法可控参数繁多,经验积累与报道资料都很少,且设计与操作远不如偏压盘等手段简便,故一直未能得到深入研究。通过以三维仿真软件CST粒子工作室对注入到弧腔电子束的运动轨迹的模拟结果为依据、以18 GHz ECR蒸发冷却源为平台,进行了ECR等离子体注入电子束的实验,结果表明:在一定实验条件下,当注入电子束能量超过1 800 eV时,会产生一种引出的离子束流的激增现象。在这个现象中,脉冲与直流的流强均比未注入电子时要高,束流电荷态向高价方向移动,且可通过控制实验条件来控制这种现象。最后对于这种电子并未通过共振面,却能起到提高电荷态与流强的作用进行了分析与讨论,并认为该现象在改善直流束与脉冲束性能的方面都有着积极的意义。The injection of the electron beam into the ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance)plasma by electron gun is a new method for the additional supplementary of the plasma electron, following the aluminum chamber wall and the bias plate, we are expecting for the higher current and charge state of the ion beam with it. However, because of the controllable parameter's variety, the lack of the accumulation of experience and data, and the shortage of convenience in designing and experimental practicing compared by biased disk and other means,it has always not been intensively studied. In this article, we take the 18 GHz ECR Ion Source using evaporative cooling technique as experimental platform, do the experiment of injecting electron into ECR plasma base on the simulation result of the electron beam's path in ECR's chamber by the 3D simulation software CST the particle studio. It shows that a pulsing leap of the current of the extracting ion beam appears when the injecting electron's energy is above 1 800 eV. In the mean time, the top of the pulse and the average current of the ion beam rises, the ionization state moves to a higher level. This phenomenon can be turned on and off by controlling the experimental condition. At the last part of the article, we discuss this improvement of the current and charge state of the ion beam despite of the position's missing between the injection of electron beam and the resonance surface, and hold the opinion that this phenomenon is positive to both pulsed and direct beam.     

HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置磁场测量

 在HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置上采用了独立的高精度螺线管串联产生纵向磁场的设计，获得很高的冷却段磁场平行度。使用霍尔片测量磁场的分布，使用磁针测磁方法测量冷却段磁场的磁轴偏角，并根据测量及计算结果对单个线圈磁轴进行微调。测量及调试结果表明，在施加电流为额定电流的一半时，冷却段磁感应强度为0.078 T，剩余磁场小于2×10^-4 T，磁场不平行度小于1×10^-4，达到了预期的设计目标。     

近物所在产生金属离子束方面的研究

Since 1998,many experiments for metallic ion production have been done on LECR2(Lanzhou ECR ion source NO.2),LECR3(Lanzhou ECR ion source NO.3)and SECRAL(Superconductiong ECB ion source Advanced design in Lanzhou)at Institute of Modern Physics.The very heavy metallic ion beams such as those of uranium were also produced by the plasma sputtering method,and supplied for HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou)accelerators successfully.During the test,11.SeμAU~(28 ),9eμAU~(24 ) were obtained.Some ion beams of the metal having lower melting temperature such as Ni and Mg ion beams were produced by oven method on LECR3 too.The consumption rate was controlled to be lower for ~(26)Mg ion beams production,and the minimum consumption was about 0.3mg per hour.In this paper,the main experimental results are given.Some discussions are made for some experimental phenomena and results,and some conclusions are drawn.