兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环

 兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环HIRFL-CSR,是一个多用途、多功能的双冷却储存环同步加速器系统,由主环CSRm和实验环CSRe构成,并以兰州重离子级联回旋加速器HIRFL作注入器。CSR利用高频变谐波的方法,将重离子束的能量从7～25 MeV/u同步加速到２00～1 000 MeV/u,同时利用重离子储存环中空心电子束冷却技术将束流品质提高１个数量级,并通过储存环的快引出及慢引出,提供多种类的重离子束以及放射性次级束(RIBs),以开展范围更广精度更高的物理实验。该装置于2007年投入运行,已取得了重要的运行结果,如实现了剥离注入与多圈注入、空心电子束对重离子束的冷却与累积、变谐波宽能区同步加速、等时性环型谱仪、RIBs的产生收集与ToF高分辨质量测量以及高能重离子束的变能慢引出等。     

HIAF高能辐照终端感生放射性

本工作是基于蒙特卡罗模拟软件FLUKA对高能强流重离子加速器（HIAF）高能辐照终端感生放射性进行初步研究。该终端可运行质子最高能量为9.3 GeV,最大流强是1.45×1012 pps（particle per second）。研究内容包括:（1）预测高能辐照终端内活化物质的放射性活度特性;（2）预测不同冷却时间高能辐照终端内残余剂量率分布。研究结果表明,HIAF正常运行时高能辐照终端内的感生放射性主要受束流垃圾桶活化产生的放射性核素影响。当加速器连续运行100天冷却4小时,垃圾桶表面残余剂量率为2.375 mSv·h-1。终端内空气中13N和15O动态饱和比浓度大于其对应的导出空气浓度。冷却水中13N和15O的活度大于对应的ALI_min。该研究是HIAF辐射防护基础研究以及加速器环境影响评价的一项重要内容。The Monte Carlo code FLUKA was used to predict the induced radioactivity of high-energy irradiation terminal of HIAF. The maximum energy of proton is 9.3 GeV, and the maximum current is 1.45×1012 pps (particle per second). In this study we were to predict:(1) the activity properties of activated substances in the experimental terminal; (2) the residual dose rate distribution in the experimental terminal at different cooling time. The results indicate that the induced radioactivity in the high energy irradiation terminal of the HIAF is mainly affected by the radionuclide induced in the beam dump. The residual dose rate on the surface of the beam dump is 2.375 mSv·h-1, after 100 d irradiation and 4 h cooling. The dynamic saturation ratio of 13N and 15O induced in the air inside the terminal is higher than its corresponding derived air concentration. The activity of 13 N and15O induced in cooling water is higher than its ALI_min. This study is a part of radiation protection basic research and environmental impact assessment for HIAF.     

HIRFL-CSR commissioning in 2006 and 2007

HIRFL-CSR, a new heavy ion cooler-storage-ring system at IMP, had been in commissioning since the beginning of 2006. In the two years of 2006 and 2007 the CSR commissioning was finished, including the stripping injection (STI), electron-cooling with hollow electron beam, C-beam stacking with the combination of STI and e-cooling, the wide energy-range synchrotron ramping from 7 MeV/u to 1000 MeV/u by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the multiple multi-turn injection (MMI), the beam accumulation with MMI and e-cooling for heavy-ion beams of Ar, Kr and Xe, the fast extraction from CSRm and single-turn injection to CSRe, beam stacking in CSRe and the RIBs mass-spectrometer test with the isochronous mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method.     

SSC直线注入器RFQ腔体多物理场分析

SSC-LINAC是为兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）设计的直线注入器,它将U34+离子加速到1 MeV/u注入到分离扇回旋加速器（SSC）中,为冷却储存环（CSR）提供10 MeV/u的U34+。该注入器可以将SSC引出的重离子流强提高一个量级以上。SSC-LINAC由一个RFQ（Radio Frequency Quadrupole）加速器和4个DTL（drift tube linac）组成,设计频率为53.667 MHz。RFQ工作在连续波模式,设计功率30 kW,如果不能有效地冷却,高频电流在电极表面产生的热量会使RFQ的腔壁和电极发生形变,从而导致腔体频率的漂移以及加速和聚焦电场的改变。因此,为了保证连续波工作的RFQ加速器稳定运行,对水冷模式和通道设计提出了很高的要求。作者用有限元软件ANSYS对RFQ进行高频电磁场、温度场、结构应力的耦合分析,验证了冷却方案设计的可行性和可靠性。Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou(HIRFL) consists of SFC, SSC, CSRm and CSRe. A new linac injector, which will increase U34+ to 1 MeV/u, is designed for SSC to increase the beam intensity to ten times higher. The new injector, whose frequency is 53.667 MHz, is composed by a RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) cavity and four DTL(Drift Tube Linac) cavities. The RFQ cavity, whose RF power is 30 kW, is operated at CW(continuous wave) mode. The heat produced by HF (high frequency) electromagnetic will cause deformation of RFQ structure, lead to the resonant frequency shift, and reduce the focusing efficiency of the cavity. An efficient cooling system is necessary to ensure that the RFQ cavity can stably be operated at the nominal frequency. A detailed multi-physics field coupling analysis of RFQ has been finished with 3D finite elements software ANSYS. The result of the analysis shows that the water cooling system can cool the RFQ cavity fully and keep the frequency drift be in a acceptable level.     

HIRFL-CSR complex

The construction and commissioning of HIRFL-CSR were finished in 2007. From 2000 to 2005 the subsystem and key devices of CSR were successfully fabricated, such as magnet, power supply, UHV system, e-cooler, electric-static deflector with the septum of 0.1 mm, and the fast-pulse kicker with the rise time of 150 ns. After that the CSR commissioning activities were performed in 2006 and 2007, including the accumulation of those heavy ions of C, Ar, Kr and Xe by the combination of stripping injection （STI） or multiple multi-turn injection （MMI） and e-cooling with a hollow e-beam, wide energy-range synchrotron ramping by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the beam stacking in the experimental ring CSRe, the RIBs mass-measurement with the isochronous-mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method, and the ion beam slow-extraction from CSRm.     

空间环境地面模拟装置扫描磁铁振动

研究了近代物理研究所为哈尔滨工业大学（HIT）空间环境地面模拟装置(SESRI)研制的扫描磁铁的振动,通过试验,使用激光位移传感器采集扫描磁铁上关键点的振幅,对比振幅分析影响振动的因素。试验数据显示,当电流为450 A、频率小于140 Hz时,振动平缓;磁铁整体振动随输入电流频率升高与电流增大而增强,电流频率为磁铁振动的主要影响因素;磁铁内带阻尼性材料部分的振幅明显小于其他部分。同时哈尔滨工业大学扫描磁铁采用的线圈铁芯浇筑一体结构设计,振动明显减小。结论证明磁铁机构与工艺的合理设计能有效减振。     

HIRFL-CSR commissioning in 2006 and 2007

HIRFL-CSR, a new heavy ion cooler-storage-ring system at IMP, had been in commissioning since the beginning of 2006. In the two years of 2006 and 2007 the CSR commissioning was finished, including the stripping injection (STI), electron-cooling with hollow electron beam, C-beam stacking with the combination of STI and e-cooling, the wide energy-range synchrotron ramping from 7 MeV/u to 1000 MeV/u by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the multiple multi-turn injection (MMI), the beam accumulation with MMI and e-cooling for heavy-ion beams of Ar, Kr and Xe, the fast extraction from CSRm and single-turn injection to CSRe, beam stacking in CSRe and the RIBs mass-spectrometer test with the isochronous mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method.     

SFC引出静电偏转板高压放电的研究

根据SFC引出静电偏转板的特殊工作环境和运行中发生的现象， 对其高压放电机理进行了深入的研究和大量的电磁场计算。 计算结果表明， 在电场和磁场的共同作用下， 盖板损伤的发生部位与实际运行中的打火痕迹完全符合。 最后阐述了SFC引出偏转板的高压放电过程， 并对其改进措施进行了研究。Due to the special working conditions of the SFC extraction deflector, the breakdown of the deflector is a serious problem. Based on the electromagnetic field calculations and the analysis of electrons and ions in the field, the breakdown mechanism was investigated. The calculated results about the electron hitting spots on the liners are consistent with the observed ones in the operation. At last, an improvement method of the deflector is suggested by using aluminum cathode and combined liners     

CSR注入引出高压静电偏转板设计

 利用3维电磁场计算程序MAFIA对CSR注入引出静电偏转板的物理结构进行了理论设计。该偏转板高压电极材料采用表面经过阳极氧化处理的锻铝板材,倒角半径为20mm,电极半宽度60mm,其几何形状能够同时满足电场均匀性、耐压性及机械强度的要求,切割板电极采用半钨丝半钽板的结构,入口厚度不大于0.1mm。在设计基础上制造了偏转板模型,并对之进行了真空模拟试验,结果证明该高压静电偏转板的设计方案是合理的,基本满足物理实验要求。     

机器学习在新材料筛选方面的应用进展

新材料产业是许多相关领域技术变革的基础,也是新能源、航空航天、电子信息等高新技术产业发展的先导.传统研发手段由于成本高、效率低、商业化周期长等不利因素无法满足现代社会的发展需求.近年来大数据与人工智能不断深入结合,以数据驱动为核心的机器学习在新材料设计、筛选以及性能预测等方面取得巨大进展,极大促进了新材料的研发与应用.本综述总结了机器学习的基本过程及其在材料科学中常用的算法和相关材料数据库,重点介绍了机器学习在不同功能上的应用以及在催化剂材料、锂离子电池、半导体材料和合金材料等领域的性能预测和材料开发中的最新进展,并对其下一步在新材料应用方面提出展望.