HIRFL-CSR complex

The construction and commissioning of HIRFL-CSR were finished in 2007. From 2000 to 2005 the subsystem and key devices of CSR were successfully fabricated, such as magnet, power supply, UHV system, e-cooler, electric-static deflector with the septum of 0.1 mm, and the fast-pulse kicker with the rise time of 150 ns. After that the CSR commissioning activities were performed in 2006 and 2007, including the accumulation of those heavy ions of C, At, Kr and Xe by the combination of stripping injection (STI) or multiple multi-turn injection (MMI) and e-cooling with a hollow e-beam, wide energy-range synchrotron ramping by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the beam stacking in the experimental ring CSRe, the RIBs mass-measurement with the isochronous-mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method, and the ion beam slow-extraction from CSRm.     

HIRFL-CSR commissioning in 2006 and 2007

HIRFL-CSR, a new heavy ion cooler-storage-ring system at IMP, had been in commissioning since the beginning of 2006. In the two years of 2006 and 2007 the CSR commissioning was finished, including the stripping injection (STI), electron-cooling with hollow electron beam, C-beam stacking with the combination of STI and e-cooling, the wide energy-range synchrotron ramping from 7 MeV/u to 1000 MeV/u by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the multiple multi-turn injection (MMI), the beam accumulation with MMI and e-cooling for heavy-ion beams of Ar, Kr and Xe, the fast extraction from CSRm and single-turn injection to CSRe, beam stacking in CSRe and the RIBs mass-spectrometer test with the isochronous mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method.     

HIRFL-CSR commissioning in 2006 and 2007

HIRFL-CSR, a new heavy ion cooler-storage-ring system at IMP, had been in commissioning since the beginning of 2006. In the two years of 2006 and 2007 the CSR commissioning was finished, including the stripping injection (STI), electron-cooling with hollow electron beam, C-beam stacking with the combination of STI and e-cooling, the wide energy-range synchrotron ramping from 7 MeV/u to 1000 MeV/u by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the multiple multi-turn injection (MMI), the beam accumulation with MMI and e-cooling for heavy-ion beams of Ar, Kr and Xe, the fast extraction from CSRm and single-turn injection to CSRe, beam stacking in CSRe and the RIBs mass-spectrometer test with the isochronous mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method.     

冷却存储环虚拟加速器的数据交互系统

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环（HIRFL CSR）为重离子治癌而改造的控制系统中的数据交互系统,数据交互系统是CSR虚拟加速器的核心。该系统能实现对256个能量级的束流控制,为以后深层重离子治癌做好准备。系统主要采用Java,COM,Oracle,ARM,DSP,FPGA等技术实现了对磁铁电源的实时、同步控制,已达到对束流的控制及束流在不同能量级间的切换控制。该系统已经运行于冷却存储环主环（CSRm）的束流慢引出调试中,性能稳定,能满足物理人员的要求。     

Linear optics calibration and nonlinear optimization during the commissioning of the SSRF storage ring

Phase I commissioning of the SSRF storage ring on 3.0 GeV beam energy was started at the end of December 2007. A lot of encouraging results have been obtained so far. In this paper, calibrations of the linear optics during the commissioning are discussed, and some measured results about the nonlinearity given. Calibration procedure emphasizes correcting quadrupole magnetic coefficients with the Linear Optics from Closed Orbit (LOCO) technique. After fitting the closed orbit response matrix, the linear optics of the four test modes is substantially corrected, and the measured physical parameters agree well with the designed ones.     

Linear optics calibration and nonlinear optimization during the commissioning of the SSRF storage ring

Phase I commissioning of the SSRF storage ring on 3.0 GeV beam energy was started at the end of December 2007. A lot of encouraging results have been obtained so far. In this paper, calibrations of the linear optics during the commissioning are discussed, and some measured results about the nonlinearity given. Calibration procedure emphasizes correcting quadrupole magnetic coefficients with the Linear Optics from Closed Orbit (LOCO) technique. After fitting the closed orbit response matrix, the linear optics of the four test modes is substantially corrected, and the measured physical parameters agree well with the designed ones.     

The First Isochronous Mass Measurements at CSRe

With the commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR),a pilot experiment operating the CSRe in isochronous mode to test the power of HIRFL-CSR for measuring the mass of the short-lived nucleus was performed in December of 2007.The fragments with A/q=2 of ~(36) Ar were injected into CSRe and their revolution frequencies were measured with a fast time pick-up detector with a thin foil in the circulating path of the ions.The preliminary result is presented.The result shows the potential of CSRe for mass measurements of short-lived nuclei.     

New infrared undulator beamline at FLASH

At the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) an infrared (IR) beamline is being built to allow novel pump-and-probe experiments combining coherent IR pulses with the FEL radiation in the VUV spectral range. It will provide useful IR radiation generated by a purpose built undulator over the wavelength range from 200 μm to 10 μm and possibly even shorter. The commissioning of the beamline has started this summer and first light will be delivered to the experimental hall by autumn 2007. Another important application of the beamline will be electron diagnostics of the longitudinal charge distribution of the electron bunches.     

CSR纵向束团压缩腔研究

针对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环的发展目标,为了满足高能量密度（涉及重离子驱动惯性约束核聚变新能源）等物理研究的需要, 使用三维电磁场计算程序MAFIA研究了一种新型的适用于CSR的纵向束团压缩腔。 此纵向束团压缩腔采用高磁导率软磁合金材料进行加载,相比于铁氧体加载的高频腔, 可以得到高的电场梯度。以250 MeV/u的238U72+离子为例进行了模拟计算, 得出了此纵向束团压缩腔的工作频率为1.15 MHz, 峰值工作电压为80 kV, 由两个1/4波长同轴谐振腔组成, 每个谐振腔峰值工作电压为40 kV,能够满足在CSR上进行纵向束团压缩的要求。 The scheme of longitudinal bunch compression cavity for the Cooling Storage Ring(CSR) is an important issue. Plasma physics experiments require high density heavy ion beam and short pulsed bunch, which can be produced by non adiabatic compression of bunch implemented by a fast compression with 90° rotation in the longitudinal phase space. The phase space rotation in fast compression is initiated by a fast jump of the RF voltage amplitude. For this purpose, the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity, loaded with FINEMET FT 1M is studied and simulated with MAFIA code. In this paper, the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity is simulated and the initial bunch length of 238U72+ with 250 MeV/u will be compressed from 200 ns to 50 ns. The construction and RF properties of the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity are simulated and calculated also with MAFIA code. The operation frequency of the cavity is 1.15 MHz with peak voltage of 80kV, and the cavity can be used to compress heavy ions in the CSR.     

Joint Green Marketing Decision-Making of Green Supply Chain Considering Power Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility

In order to explore the impact of a manufacturer’s or retailer’s undertaking corporate social responsibility (CSR) and different power structures on their joint green marketing decisions and profits in the green supply chain, this paper establishes green supply chain optimization models under six different decision-making scenarios according to two different CSR bearers and three different power structures. Based on the main assumptions of a linear product demand function and CSR measured by consumer surplus, this paper solves the equilibrium solutions of the manufacturer and the retailer through game theory. The results show that: First, the difference in the degree of CSR undertaken by manufacturers and retailers leads to a difference in the ranking of optimal strategies of both parties under the three power structures. Second, under the same power structure, compared with undertaking CSR by oneself, when the other party undertakes CSR, the level of the product’s green degree, the level of green promotion, the party’s own profit, and the profit of the other party are all higher. Third, regardless of the power structure, manufacturers and retailers undertaking CSR is conducive to improving the level of product greenness, increasing green promotion, lowering the retail price, increasing consumers’ willingness to buy green products, and ultimately helping to increase the profits of manufacturers and retailers.     

Beam Commissioning of BEPCII Injector Linac

This paper describes the beam commissioning process of BEPCⅡ Injector Linac. Aiming at the beam design goal and the beam physics characteristics of this injector linac, the beam commissioning method has been proposed, and some problems met in the beam commissioning process have been analyzed and studied. In addition, the preliminary beam commissioning results have been obtained.     

Commissioning progress of the FAST

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) was completed with its main structure installed on September 25, 2016, after which it entered the commissioning phase. This paper aims to introduce the commissioning progress of the FAST over the past two years. To improve its operational reliability and ensure effective observation time, FAST has been equipped with a real-time information system for the active reflector system and hierarchical commissioning scheme for the feed support system, which ultimately achieves safe operation of the two systems. For meeting the high-performance indices, a highprecision measurement system was set up based on the effective control methods that were implemented for the active reflector system and feed support system. Since the commissioning of the FAST, a low-frequency ultra-wideband receiver and 19-beam1.05-1.45 GHz receiver have been mainly used. Telescope efficiency, pointing accuracy, and system noise temperature were completely tested and ultimately achieved the acceptance indices of the telescope. The FAST has been in the process of national acceptance preparations and has begun to search for pulsars. In the future, it will still strive to improve its capabilities and expand its application prospects.     

CSR空间电荷效应的研究

针对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环的流强设计 ,对其空间电荷效应进行了讨论 .随着流强增高和发射度降低 ,束流自作用场效应 (空间电荷效应 )逐渐显现 .散焦的空间电荷力造成的粒子自由振荡频移和束流包络增长 ,带来了不稳定因素 ,这些不稳定因素就限定了储存环的流强极限.Cooler Storage Ring (CSR), an upgrading program planned at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), will supply beams with higher quality and intensity. Space charge effects should be considered due to this magnitude of intensity in CSR. The concept and some phenomena of space charge effects are discussed. Space charge intensity limit and space charge tune shift of normal CSR operation are given. It is of significance for the construction and operation of the future facility.     

磁压缩器中相干同步辐射对束团品质的影响

在进行束团压缩时,相干同步辐射导致束团能量再分配,这会引入一定类型的非线性,目前普遍认为该非线性会导致束团发射度的急剧增加.本文通过模拟计算发现该结论只在一定条件下成立,同时还发现相干同步辐射引入固定类型的非线性,在特定参数下,该非线性能在一定程度上抵消束团原有的非线性,最终可能对束团品质有改善作用.     

IKNO,a user facility for coherent terahertz and UV synchrotron radiation

IKNO (Innovation and KNOwledge) is a proposal for a multi‐user facility based on an electron storage ring optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range, and of broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation ranging from the IR to the VUV. IKNO can be operated in an ultra‐stable CSR mode with photon flux in the terahertz frequency region up to nine orders of magnitude higher than in existing third‐generation light sources. Simultaneously to the CSR operation, broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation up to VUV frequencies is available at the beamline ports. The main characteristics of the IKNO storage and its performance in terms of CSR and incoherent synchrotron radiation are described in this paper. The proposed location for the infrastructure facility is Sardinia, Italy.     

兰州CSR与高密核物理

讨论在兰州 Ｃ Ｓ Ｒ 上产生高密核物质的可能性以及在末态出现的相应信号． 估计了 Ｃ Ｓ Ｒ 所能达到的核物质密度, 分析了由于手征对称性部分恢复引起的强子阈下产生和强子流在 Ｃ Ｓ Ｒ 能区的特征． The possibility to produce highly dense nuclear matter at CSR of Lanzhou and the corresponding signals at final state are discussed. Especially, the maximum baryon density reached at CSR is estimated, and the subthreshold production and hadronic flow risen from the partial restoration of chiral symmetry at CSR energies are analyzed.     

DPIS-RFQ系统的高频参数测试及功率锻炼

中国科学院近代物理研究所于2007年开始进行等离子体直接注入项目的预研。详细介绍了RFQ系统的高频参数测试的方法及结果,并针对高脉冲功率的测试提出通过标定定向耦合器来测试脉冲功率的方法。介绍了系统锻炼的情况,包括针对功率源末级和腔内电极的打火问题提出了理论的分析和改善的方法。高频参数的测试和载束实验证实整套系统满足加速器的设计要求。     

连续面型高效率光栅分束器件的设计

阐述了用虚源法设计连续面型光栅分束器件的原理 ,提出了一种局部搜索遗传算法 ,并将其用于优化器件的性能。局部搜索遗传算法结合了局部搜索算法和遗传算法的优点 ,可以有效地克服遗传算法的“早熟收敛”现象 ,具有更强的全局收敛能力。用文中给出的方法可以得到具有较好均匀性的、高衍射效率的连续面型光栅分束器件。     

HIRFL–CSR加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失

研究了重离子加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失过程和碰撞截面,在依据大量实验数据的基础上,提出了一组计算离子一原子的电荷交换截面的经验公式.以兰州重离子加速器HDRFL及冷却储存环CSR为例,给出了依据碰撞截面的公式计算束流在加速器真空中的传输效率的方法,并计算了在不同真空度下HIRFL的ECR源轴向注入束运线、注入器SFC、前束运线、主加速器SSC和后束运线等不同加速阶段及CSR的传输效率,并提出合理的真空度要求.HIRFL的真空分布测量和束流的损失测量证明了该计算方法的可靠性.