定量核磁共振波谱法测定3种低聚果糖的含量北大核心CSCD

以蔗糖为内标物,氘代水为溶剂,采用氢-1核磁共振波谱法(1H-NMR)测定蔗果七糖、蔗果八糖、蔗果九糖等3种低聚果糖(FOS)的含量。优化后的1H-NMR参数如下:温度25℃,谱宽(2~14)×10^(-6),脉冲角度45°,脉冲延迟时间5 s,采样时间3 s,扫描次数16次。对蔗果七糖、蔗果八糖和蔗果九糖样品进行了仪器精密度和重复性试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于0.50%。方法用于测定3种样品含量,测定结果与质量平衡法所得结果进行了比较,经F检验法评估,两种方法具有显著性差异。但由于定量核磁共振波谱法作为绝对含量的测定方法,仅需常见的化学品即可直接对待测成分进行测定,可以佐证质量平衡法的赋值结果。     

超高效液相色谱法测定食品接触材料制品中1,1′-磺酰基二（4-氯苯）和4,4′-联苯二酚的迁移量

参考GB 5009.156-2016和GB 31604.1-2015,以水、4%(体积分数)乙酸溶液、10%(体积分数)乙醇溶液、20%(体积分数)乙醇溶液、50%(体积分数)乙醇溶液、95%(体积分数,下同)乙醇溶液、异辛烷等食品模拟物浸泡聚苯砜材质的水杯、奶瓶、螺纹口和涂层罐,前5种食品模拟物的浸泡液直接过0.22μm滤膜,滤液采用超高效液相色谱法(UHPLC)分析。分取95%乙醇溶液和异辛烷浸泡液各10mL,于50℃,5 000Pa条件下旋转蒸发至近干,用70%(体积分数)甲醇溶液溶解、定容至10mL,过0.22μm滤膜,滤液采用UHPLC分析。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱作固定相,以不同体积比甲醇和水的混合溶液作流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长247nm下进行检测。结果显示,7种食品模拟物中的两种目标物可在6.500min以内实现完全分离,其中1,1′-磺酰基二(4-氯苯)和4,4′-联苯二酚的质量浓度分别在0.03～0.40mg·L^-1和0.3～4.0mg·L^-1内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)分别为0...     

纳米SiC基光催化剂研究进展

Industrialization undoubtedly boosts economic development and improves the standard of living; however, it also leads to some serious problems, including the energy crisis, environmental pollution, and global warming. These problems are associated with or caused by the high carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Photocatalysis is considered one of the most promising technologies for eliminating these problems because of the possibility of converting CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels and other valuable chemicals using solar energy, hydrogen (H₂) production from water (H₂O) electrolysis, and degradation of pollutants. Among the various photocatalysts, silicon carbide (SiC) has great potential in the fields of photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and electrocatalysis because of its good electrical properties and photoelectrochemistry. This review is divided into six sections: introduction, fundamentals of nanostructured SiC, synthesis methods for obtaining nanostructured SiC photocatalysts, strategies for improving the activity of nanostructured SiC photocatalysts, applications of nanostructured SiC photocatalysts, and conclusions and prospects. The fundamentals of nanostructured SiC include its physicochemical characteristics. It possesses a range of unique physical properties, such as extreme hardness, high mechanical stability at high temperatures, a low thermal expansion coefficient, wide bandgap, and superior thermal conductivity. It also possesses exceptional chemical characteristics, such as high oxidation and corrosion resistance. The synthesis methods for obtaining nanostructured SiC have been systematically summarized as follows: Template growth, sol-gel, organic precursor pyrolysis, solvothermal synthesis, arc discharge, carbon thermal reduction, and electrospinning. These synthesis methods require high temperatures, and the reaction mechanism involves SiC formation via the reaction between carbon and silicon oxide. In the section of the review involving the strategies for improving the activity of nanostructured SiC photocatalysts, seven strategies are discussed, viz., element doping, construction of Z-scheme (or S-scheme) systems, supported co-catalysts, visible photosensitization, construction of semiconductor heterojunctions, supported carbon materials, and construction of nanostructures. All of these strategies, except element doping and visible photosensitization, concentrate on enhancing the separation of holes and electrons, while suppressing their recombination, thus improving the photocatalytic performance of the nanostructured SiC photocatalysts. Regarding the element doping and visible photosensitization strategies, element doping can narrow the bandgap of SiC, which generates more holes and electrons to improve photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, the principle of visible photosensitization is that photo-induced electrons move from photosensitizers to the conduction band of SiC to participate in the reaction, thus enhancing the photocatalytic performance. In the section on the applications of nanostructured SiC, photocatalytic H₂ production, pollutant degradation, CO₂ reduction, photoelectrocatalytic, and electrocatalytic applications will be discussed. The mechanism of a photocatalytic reaction requires the SiC photocatalyst to produce photo-induced electrons and holes during irradiation, which participate in the photocatalytic reaction. For example, photo-induced electrons can transform protons into H₂, as well as CO₂ into methane, methanol, or formic acid. Furthermore, photo-induced holes can convert organic waste into H₂O and CO₂. For photoelectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications, SiC is used as a catalyst under high temperatures and highly acidic or basic environments because of its remarkable physicochemical characteristics, including low thermal expansion, superior thermal conductivity, and high oxidation and corrosion resistance. The last section of the review will reveal the major obstacles impeding the industrial application of nanostructured SiC photocatalysts, such as insufficient visible absorption, slow reaction kinetics, and hard fabrication, as well as provide some ideas on how to overcome these obstacles.      

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中61种性激素

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中61种性激素的方法。水基类、乳液类、膏霜类和凝胶类化妆品经乙腈分散,50%(V/V)乙腈水溶液超声提取;油基类样品经正己烷分散,70%(V/V)乙腈水溶液涡旋提取。采用CORTECS C18(2.1 mm×150 mm, 2.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,选择乙腈、水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质外标法定量。结果表明,61种性激素的检出限和定量限分别为0.03～0.31μg/g和0.09～0.92μg/g,在15～150μg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数R²>0.99)。选择了5种化妆品基质,在低、中、高3个加标水平下,61种性激素的加标回收率为80.0%～117.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～14%。该方法可以为化妆品的快速风险筛查和国家标准的制修订提供技术支撑。     

柔性复合吸波材料研究进展

吸波材料在隐身技术、电磁兼容、安全保护、微波暗室中的应用十分广泛,因而备受关注。然而传统吸波材料的功能单一,不能同时满足重量轻、涂层薄、柔性、环境适应性等多种需求,限制了其在柔性、可折叠和可穿戴设备中的应用。柔性复合吸波材料一般采用导电损耗、介电损耗和磁损耗等多种吸波机制联用,吸波效率高达99.99%以上,而且具备可折叠、可弯曲、可扭曲变形的特点,为吸波材料在未来人工智能、机器人及可穿戴设备领域的应用提供了重要思路。本文重点介绍碳基、聚合物基、超材料基等柔性复合吸波材料的一些重要研究进展,并对柔性复合吸波材料当前的挑战进行了总结,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于主客体作用的根皮苷药物可控释放研究

根皮苷在新型药物和天然保健食品开发中具有广泛的应用前景,因其成分的复杂性和低溶解性,对根皮苷的研究极具挑战性。本文通过核磁共振、紫外可见光谱及荧光发射光谱等检测手段,研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精对根皮苷客体的分子识别能力。结果表明,羟丙基-β-环糊精增强了根皮苷在水中的溶解度,在水中形成摩尔比为1∶1的主客体络合物,络合常数为2.35×10² L·mol^-1。羟丙基-β-环糊精的加入造成了根皮苷的荧光猝灭,金属离子与根皮苷竞争结合羟丙基-β-环糊精会造成包合物的荧光增强,Fe³⁺与羟丙基-β-环糊精的键合常数达1.52×10⁴ L·mol^-1,可为根皮苷的药物研究提供理论研究。     

固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖环境中地西泮及其代谢物

建立了固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定养殖水和沉积物样品中地西泮及其3种代谢物的分析方法。水样经0.45μm玻璃纤维膜过滤,沉积物采用1%氨水-乙酸乙酯提取后,均通过混合型阳离子交换固相萃取(MCX SPE)柱富集净化。目标物用5%氨水-乙腈溶液洗脱后吹干,1 mL 40%乙腈水溶液溶解残渣,UPLC-MS/MS测定。经Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾正离子电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,内标法定量。4种目标物在0.1～100μg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.999。水体和沉积物中的方法检出限分别为1.0～2.0 ng/L和0.02～0.05μg/kg,定量下限分别为2.0～5.0 ng/L和0.05～0.1μg/kg;平均加标回收率为90.2%～115%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%～9.6%。该方法灵敏度高,实用性强,可满足养殖环境中地...     

定量核磁共振氢谱法测定枸橼酸托法替布片的有效含量

建立了枸橼酸托法替布片中有效含量的定量核磁共振氢谱测定方法。以托法替布化学位移δ 7.13为定量峰,3,5-二甲基吡唑化学位移δ 5.73为内标峰,氘代二甲亚砜（DMSO-D6）为溶剂,使用核磁共振谱仪采集混合物的氢谱,对枸橼酸托法替布片中的有效成分进行定量测定。该方法专一性强,在0.793～7.925 mg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系（r2=0.998 4）。精密度、重复性和稳定性的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.82%、1.7%和0.67%。该方法测得的枸橼酸托法替布片中托法替布的质量分数为2.25%,其结果与高效液相色谱法基本一致。定量核磁共振氢谱法具有操作方便简单,可同时进行定性与定量,检测时间短,无需对照品等优势,可用于枸橼酸托法替布片有效含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查睫毛用化妆品中前列腺素F2α类化合物

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)技术,建立了睫毛用化妆品中9种前列腺素F2α类化合物(比马前列素、曲伏前列素、他氟前列素、他氟乙酰胺、拉坦前列素、比马前列素酸甲基酯、氯前列醇异丙基酯、15-酮-曲伏前列素、比马酰胺)的快速定性筛查方法。样品经乙腈超声提取,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以2 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.05%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,分离后进入四极杆飞行时间质谱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+),以MSE模式进行数据采集,建立了9种前列腺素F2α类化合物的筛查数据库。9种化合物在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99,检出限为0.075～0.75μg/g,定量下限为0.25～2.5μg/g。所建立的筛查数据库无需对照品即可对化妆品中的9种前列腺素F2α类化合物进行筛查。结果表明,该方法特异性良好,应用于48批睫毛类化妆品的定性筛查具有良好的选择性,可为化妆品中前列腺素F2α类化合物的筛查分析提供技术支...     

UPLC-TQD-MS/MS分析青海川贝母药材中的生物碱

采用超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱(UPLC-TQD-MS/MS)技术,建立了青海产不同基源川贝母药材中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、贝母辛和西贝母碱的分析方法。样品经超声提取,用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(1.7μm,2.1×100mm)色谱柱分离,乙腈-0.05%氨水为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。4种生物碱在0.01～0.5μg·mL^-1质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9940～0.9990,4种生物碱的方法检出限(LOD S/N≥3)为0.0025μg·g^-1,定量限(LOQ S/N=10)为0.0075μg·g^-1,三个加标水平的回收率为71%～114%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,准确可靠,适用于贝母药材中生物碱的测定。