一类Neumann边值问题非平凡解的存在性

利用临界点理论中的对称山路引理和分析技巧,研究一类Neumann边值问题在超二次条件下非平凡解的存在性,获得了一些新的可解性条件,进一步统一和改进了相关文献的结果.     

EFK方程一个新的低阶非协调混合有限元方法的高精度分析

对Extended Fisher-Kolmogorov(EFK)方程,利用EQ_1~(rot)元和零阶RaviartThomas(R-T)元建立了一个新的非协调混合元逼近格式.首先,证明了半离散格式逼近解的一个先验估计并证明了逼近解的存在唯一性.在半离散格式下,利用上述两种元的高精度分析结果以及这个先验估计,在不需要有限元解u_h属于L~∞的条件下,得到了原始变量u和中间变量v=-?u的H~1-模以及流量p=u的(L~2)~2-模意义下O(h~2)阶的超逼近性质.同时,借助插值后处理技术,证明了上述变量的具有O(h~2)阶的整体超收敛结果.其次,建立了一个新的线性化向后Euler全离散格式并证明了其逼近解的存在唯一性.另一方面,通过对相容误差和非线性项采取与传统误差分析不同的新的分裂技巧,分别导出了以往文献中尚未涉及的关于u和v在H~1-模以及p在(L~2)~2-模意义下具有O(h~2+τ)阶的超逼近性质,进一步地,借助插值后处理技术,得到了上述变量的整体超收敛结果.这里h和τ分别表示空间剖分参数和时间步长.最后,给出了一个数值算例,计算结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

低分辨率医学图像的多图谱分割方法

基于多图谱的图像分割方法因其分割精度高和鲁棒性强,在医学图像分割领域被广泛研究,主要包含图像配准和标签融合两个步骤.目前对多图谱分割方法的研究通常都是在图谱图像和待分割目标图像具有相同分辨率的情况下展开的.然而,由于受图像采集时间,采集设备等影响,临床实践中采集的影像大多是低分辨率数据,使得目前在影像研究中广泛使用的方法无法有效应用于临床实践.因此,针对这一问题,我们结合图像超分辨率恢复方法,提出了精确鲁棒的低分辨率医学图像的多图谱分割方法,实验结果显示提出的方法显著地提高了多图谱分割方法的分割精度.     

利用空间位阻和氢溢流协同作用促进5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备5-甲基糠醛

Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C＝O), nitro (-NO₂), and alkenyl (C＝C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C＝O, C-OH, and C＝C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb₂O₅ catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb₂O₅ = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H₂) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H₂ could migrate to the surface of Nb₂O₅ through a phenomenon called H₂ spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb₂O₅ could not adsorb the C＝O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb₂O₅, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H₂ to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb₂O₅ surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.      

酸水解-酶水解-UPLC-MS/MS测定特殊医学用途配方食品中多种氨基酸和牛磺酸

利用酸水解与酶水解互补,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）,建立了特殊医学用途配方食品中22种氨基酸和牛磺酸的检测方法。样品经酸水解或酶水解提取,采用6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺-氨基甲酸酯（AQC）衍生后,以乙腈-甲酸铵（10 mmol/L）为流动相梯度洗脱,通过AccQTag Ultra C18色谱柱进行分离,三重四极杆质谱电喷雾多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明：22种氨基酸和牛磺酸线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9956;检出限在0.0028～0.0225 g/100 g之间,定量限在0.0094～0.0751 g/100 g之间。22种氨基酸和牛磺酸的平均加标回收率在90.1%～104.7%之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%～4.3%之间。该方法实现了GB 29922-2013和GB 25596-2010中规定的22种不同性质氨基酸以及牛磺酸成分的水解提取与准确测定,适用于特殊医学用途配方食品中氨基酸和牛磺酸的准确定性、定量分析。     

氢键交联超分子聚合物材料：从结构性能到功能应用

高分子材料的大量消耗与持续积累已经在全球范围内造成了严重的环境污染与资源浪费.发展可修复、可循环、可降解和可回收的新一代高分子材料是解决上述挑战的根本途径.基于动态可逆的非共价键将聚合物链段进行交联可以有效地构建这些材料.本专论系统总结了我们课题组在氢键交联超分子聚合物材料方面的系列研究进展.基于多重氢键的协同性与动态性、氢键与动态共价键的协同,以及材料微相结构的调控,发展了系列兼具高强度与高韧性的超分子聚合物材料,实现了材料的修复、循环、降解与回收;不仅突破了非共价交联高分子材料力学性能弱的瓶颈,而且化解了高分子材料强度与韧性的矛盾.相关研究为发展传统高分子材料的可持续替代品提供了新的思路.同时,发展了系列基于氢键交联的功能超分子聚合物材料,展示了其在柔性电子、固态锂电池及水下黏合剂等方面的应用.     

基于离子偶极相互作用的高分子材料

离子偶极相互作用是一种超分子相互作用,作用基元为带相反电荷的偶极和离子.离子偶极相互作用具有许多特性,如没有方向性和饱和性、自愈性以及动态性.该作用可以同时赋予高分子材料优异的电学性能和力学性能,进而赋予了含有该作用的高分子材料在柔性电子、储能等领域巨大的应用潜力,同时吸引了科学家对该类材料的探索与开发.本文主要总结了我们课题组在基于离子偶极相互作用的高分子材料方面的研究工作,从一系列不同的离子偶极基元出发,构筑具有不同力学以及电学性能的高分子材料,随后介绍了它们的应用.例如人造肌肉、人造皮肤、离子电致发光、触摸板等,可用于可穿戴设备以及人机交互界面.     

Determination of macrolides in livestock excreta by syringe purification coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometryEI北大核心CSCD

A method of syringe-dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the simultanous determination of 10 macrolides in manurebased fertilizers was developed. After extraction with methanol and acetonitrile,the extracts were purified by insyringe dispersion solid-phase extraction in syringes pre-filled with 60 mg PSA and 30 mg C18. The resulted extracts were further separated by a BEH C18 column,detected by multiple reaction monitoring in electrospray positive ion mode,and quantified by matrix-matched external standard method. The results showed that the recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 70% to 110% at three spiked levels（10,30,and 50 μµg/kg）with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.4% to 12%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.57 1.75 and 2.77-5.40 μµg/kg,respectively. This method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of residual macrolides in organic fertilizers. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法直接测定水中5种黄原酸

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中乙基黄原酸、异丙基黄原酸、正丁基黄原酸、异丁基黄原酸和戊基黄原酸等5种黄原酸的分析方法。水样经0.22μm亲水聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜过滤后直接进样分析,采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)进行分离,以氨水溶液(pH 11)-乙腈(9∶1, v/v)作为流动相进行等度洗脱,多反应监测负离子模式测定,内标法定量。通过将流动相氨水溶液的pH值增加到11,可有效抑制黄原酸色谱峰的拖尾现象,从而改善分离效果,并使丁基黄原酸同分异构体得到分离。水样保存条件确定为pH 11、4℃避光保存,在该条件下保存期限可延长至8 d。5种黄原酸在0.25～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.03～0.04μg/L,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为1.3%～2.1%和3.3%～4.1%。低、中、高加标水平(1.00、20.0、80.0μg/L)下的回收率分别为96.9%～133%、100%～107%和104%～112%,对应的相对标准偏差分别为2.1%～3.0%、0....     

植物中27种典型药品及个人护理品多残留检测方法的建立及其在芽苗菜中迁移规律的分析

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测植物体内27种典型药品及个人护理品(PPCPs)残留的分析方法,经HLB萃取小柱对植物体内PPCPs富集净化,以BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离质谱正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下分析。方法学考察表明,植物体中27种PPCPs的检出限为0.01～0.30μg/kg;定量限为0.03～0.98μg/kg;在各自的检测范围内有良好的线性关系(r²>0.99),平均回收率为80.8%～122.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%～9.9%。使用本方法检测生长在不同含量PPCPs培养基中的芽苗菜,结果发现在低含量PPCPs培养基中生长的芽苗菜体内检出了10种PPCPs;在中含量PPCPs培养基中生长的芽苗菜体内检出13种PPCPs;在高含量PPCPs培养基中生长的芽苗菜体内检出19种PPCPs。结果表明在有PPCPs污染的水体中生长的植物或是用含有被PPCPs污染的水源灌溉的植物会吸收并积累PPCPs,且植物对PPCPs的吸收种...