A GENERALIZED MODELING FOR CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS UNDER LARGE RANGE OF COMPRESSION STATE

The aim of this study is to describe the main behavior of cement-based materials under large compression state based on the recent experimental research. In this paper, the strainstress relations are firstly analyzed and confining pressure state is regarded as low/medium/high state. A generalized cup modeling is introduced by a coupled deviatoric shearing, pore collapse and damage mechanism within thermodynamic framework. A series of numerical simulations are performed for the considered cement paste and concrete. Comparisons between numerical predictions and experimental results show that the proposed model is able to describe the main features of mechanical behavior under large range of compression state.     

Effects of TEMED and EDTA on the structural and mechanical properties of NIPAAm/Na+MMT composite hydrogels

N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) hydrogels are known as thermosensitive crosslinked polymer networks. In this work, the network parameters of their composites, i.e., NIPAAm/sodium montmorillonite (NIPAAm/Na⁺MMT) hydrogels synthesized by free radical solution polymerization in the presence of two different types of accelerator (tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)) and initiator (potassium persulphate (K₂S₂O₈) and cerium ammonium nitrate ((NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆), Ce(IV)) using five different clay content (in the range of 1.0–5.0 wt % of total monomer concentration) at 25 °C were presented and discussed. FTIR spectra, XRD patterns, SEM photographs, and network parameters of the samples indicated that the presence of COOH groups on EDTA molecules was resulted in the formation of exfoliated structures and the activity of EDTA/KPS redox pair was higher than those of TEMED/KPS and EDTA/Ce (IV) pairs. The compression moduli (G) of the hydrogels initiated with EDTA/Ce(IV) redox pair showed smooth and continual changings with increase in Na⁺MMT content (for swelling equilibrium at 25 °C) on the contrary of EDTA/KPS and TEMED/KPS pairs. It might be related to low initiator efficiency of cerium ammonium nitrate than KPS molecules, having higher effective crosslinking density with increasing clay content. On the other hand, the G moduli of NIPAAm/Na⁺MMT hydrogels (above their phase transition temperature) initiated with TEMED/KPS redox pair were higher than the others because of the more hydrophobic nature of TEMED molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1256–1264, 2010     

钢管混凝土格构柱偏压承载能力分析的数值方法

采用泰勒级数作为分段插值函数,在考虑多个截面的平衡条件和紧箍效应钢管混凝土应力-应变关系基础上,提出了钢管混凝土格构柱弹塑性极限承载力数值方法,并编制了相应的计算程序。与现有的分段合成法相比,该方法考虑了剪力对柱变形的影响,不仅适用于两端偏心相等的偏压构件,而且适用于两端偏心不等的偏压构件的弹塑性极限承载力的计算。利用提出的计算方法和编制的程序对国内已有两端偏心相同的四肢钢管混凝土格构偏压长柱的试验结果进行了计算,并与现有规程进行了比较,结果表明:现有计算方法结果偏于保守,计算误差大,本文提出的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Stress field of orthotropic cylinder subjected to axial compression

Based on the constancy hypothesis of material volume, the circumferential and radial stresses of a cylinder specimen are analyzed when the cylinder is subject to a loading along the axial direction. The circumferential and radial stress distribution is a power function of radius parameter when the constitutive relation of specimen material is orthotropic. The stress distribution is a quadratic function of radius parameter for transversely isotropic material. Along the cylinder axial line, the circumferential and radial stresses are maximum and equal to each other. In the circumference boundary surface, the radial stress is zero and the circumferential stress value is minimal. The failure theory of maximum tensile circumferential strain is applied to calculate the critical axial loading. The circumference-boundary-layer failure criterion of orthotropic cylinders is described with the Hill-Tsai strength theory. The obtained strength theory is related to axial stress and mechanical properties of specimen material and to the specimen axialdeformation strain rate and the change rate of strain rate.     

Orientation dependence of structural transition in fcc Al driven under uniaxial compression by atomistic simulations

By molecular dynamics simulations employing an embedded atom method potential,we have investigated structural transformations in single crystal Al caused by uniaxial strain loading along the [001],[011] and [111] directions. We find that the structural transition is strongly dependent on the crystal orientations. The entire structure phase transition only occurs when loading along the [001] direction,and the increased amplitude of temperature for [001] loading is evidently lower than that for other orientations. The morphology evolutions of the structural transition for [011] and [111] loadings are analysed in detail. The results indicate that only 20% of atoms transit to the hcp phase for [011] and [111] loadings,and the appearance of the hcp phase is due to the partial dislocation moving forward on {111} fcc family. For [011] loading,the hcp phase grows to form laminar morphology in four planes,which belong to the {111} fcc family; while for [111] loading,the hcp phase grows into a laminar structure in three planes,which belong to the {111} fcc family except for the (111) plane. In addition,the phase transition is evaluated by using the radial distribution functions.     

快速小波边界元的矩阵后压缩方法

介绍了一种基于传统边界元单元划分的小波 Galerkin 边界元法,该方法具有几乎线性(即 ON,N 为自由度)的求解复杂度。在准消失矩小波的框架下介绍了非标准型系数矩阵的压缩问题,提出了一种后压缩算法以降低小波边界元法的内存消耗。求解 Stokes 方程的算例表明,后压缩算法在保证结果收敛特性的情况下可以将系数矩阵的内存占用量降低 5 倍以上。     

Dynamic crystal plasticity: An Eulerian approach

In this paper an Eulerian rate-dependent single crystal model that accounts for high-strain rates, large strains and rotations is developed. The viscoplastic law as well as the evolution equations for the lattice are written in terms of vectorial and tensorial quantities associated with the current configuration. The viscoplastic law is obtained from Schmid law using an overstress approach. Such an expression for the viscoplastic law is motivated by the microdynamics of crystal defects. A general analysis of the plane-strain response of the proposed rigid-viscoplastic single crystal model is presented. It is shown that only one differential equation, involving the orientation of one composite in-plane slip system, is necessary to describe the lattice evolution. Several two-dimensional boundary value problems, such as equal-channel die extrusion and channel die compression are selected to illustrate the predictive capabilities of the model. The results show that even at relatively low strain rates the viscosity plays an important role in the development of localized deformation modes. At high crosshead velocity, the plastic properties and crystal anisotropy are less important while inertia effects are dominant. Finally, the grains interaction is investigated by analyzing the compression of a grains multicrystal.     

Prediction of the critical buckling load of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under axial compression

In this paper, we propose a new explicit analytical formula of the critical buckling load of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) under axial compression. This formula takes into account van der Waals interactions between adjacent tubes and the effect of terms involving tube radii differences generally neglected in the derived expressions of the critical buckling load published in the literature. The elastic multiple Donnell shells continuum approach is employed for modelling the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The validation of the proposed formula is made by comparison with a numerical solution. The influence of the neglected terms is also studied.     

Constrained large-eddy simulation of supersonic turbulent boundary layer over a compression ramp

A supersonic turbulent boundary layer over a compression ramp is numerically investigated using the constrained large-eddy simulation (CLES) method. The compression corner is characterised by a deflection angle of 24°. The free-stream Mach number is Ma_∞ = 2.9, and the Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness of inlet boundary layer is Re_θ = 2300. The mean and statistical quantities, such as mean velocity, wall pressure and Reynolds stresses, are thoroughly analysed and compared with those from traditional large-eddy simulation (LES), experimental measurement and direct numerical simulation (DNS). It turns out that CLES can predict the friction coefficient, wall-pressure distribution, size of separation bubble, Reynolds stresses, etc. more accurately than traditional LES, and the results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental and/or DNS data. Also discussed are the effects of specific parameterisations of the Reynolds constraint and interfacial positions separating the constrained and unconstrained regions on the performance of the CLES method.     

Measurement of iron characteristics under ramp compression

Laser-driven ramp compression was used to investigate iron characteristics along the isentropic path. The iterative Lagrangian analysis method was employed to analyze the free surface velocity profiles in iron stepped target measured with two VISARs. The onset stress for the α to ε phase transformation was determined from the sudden change in the sound velocity and was found over-pressurized compared to the static and shock results. The derived stress(26 GPa) and strain rate(up to 10~8 s~(-1)) are consistent with our previous experimental results. The stress-density relations were compared with those from previous ramp experiments and good agreements were found, which experimentally confirms the simulations,showing that iterative Lagrangian analysis can be applied to the ramp-compression data with weak shock.