Numerical modeling of the disturbances of the separated flow in a rounded compression corner

Numerical modeling of the time-dependent supersonic flow over a compression corner with different roundness radii is performed on the basis of the solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the regimes corresponding to local boundary layer separation. The development of unstable disturbances generated by local periodic injection/suction in the preseparated boundary layer is calculated. The results are compared with those of similar calculations for a flat plate. It is shown that the natural oscillations of the boundary-layer second mode stabilize in the separation zone and grow intensely downstream of the reattachment point. The acoustic modes excited within a separation bubble are studied using numerical calculations and an asymptotic analysis.     

一种新的金属压缩试验方法的有限元分析

对一种新的金属压缩试验方法进行了有限元数值分析，论证了这种方法的可行性和有性，并且对不同尺寸的试件进行了有限元计算．     

Simultaneous measurement of transient stress and flow birefringence in one-sided compression (biaxial extension) of a polymer melt

Summary Investigation of time dependent behaviour of a polystyrene melt is carried out with the aid of a new apparatus for biaxial extension. Use is made of the method of two impinging fluid streams guided by lubricated trumpet shaped metal walls. The flow birefringence is measured in the plane of symmetry and, at the same time, the force is measured which tends to separate the trumpets. The linear stress-optical relation turns out to be valid in this new flow geometry. An accurate value for the stress-optical coefficient can be determined from the relaxation experiments. The stress build-up as calculated from the optical measurements, is compared with the pertinent result of the theory of linear viscoelasticity. For the desired interconversion of dynamic moduli use is made of the approximation by Schwarzl and Struik. The steady state measurements are checked by the results of the non-linear model of Acierno et al.With 16 figures and 2 tables     

颗粒型砂介质的受压力学特征及屈服滑动

提出颗粒型砂介质在压实过程中的两种特征：孔隙填充状态和颗粒滑动状态；针对孔隙填充状态的力学行为特征，提出相对体积改变量(压实量)作为表征此状态的特征参量，研究了瞬时压缩模量与压实量的函数关系；针对型砂的颗粒滑动状态，提出具有强化效应的Mohr-Coulomb屈服条件，推导描述颗粒屈服滑动状态的增量本构方程、以及三轴压实过程条件下的状态本构方程，最后，就不同侧向压力下的三轴压缩试验、带模样的型砂压实试验的大量试验数据进行处理和验证。     

玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩力学性能研究

本文研究了两种不同密度的玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫塑料在准静态压缩下的力学性能。给出了与相应密度的普通泡沫塑料力学性能的比较，实验结果表明：两种增强泡沫塑料在压缩载荷作用下，具有不同于普通泡沫塑料的应力－应变特性，压缩模量和强度一般均有不同程度的提高，而且对相同纤维含量的增强泡沫塑料来说，密度较高的材料增强效果较好。     

改进的 Morse 势和冲击压缩

用分子动力学方法模拟凝聚介质中一维分子链上的激波传播，以得到与冲击压缩实验相一致的结果。通过比较分子链上的孤立波解与激波的实验结果，提出对分子间Ｍｏｒｓｅ作用势进行与考虑量子效应相一致的修正，从而使分子动力学模拟得到的激波Ｕｓ－Ｕｐ关系与实验结果在波后粒子速度达到声速的范围内一致。     

Dynamic compressive responses of intact and damaged ceramics from a single split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

A novel dynamic compressive experimental technique has been developed based on a split Hopkinson pressure bar. This new method dynamically loads the ceramic specimen by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact ceramic materiaal and then crushes the specimen, and the second pulse determines the dynamic compressive constitutive behavior of the ceramic rubble. Precise pulse shaping ensures that the specimen deforms at nearly constant strain rates under dynamic stress equilibrium during the loading by both stress pulses. Pulse shaping also controls the amplitudes of loading pulses, the values of strain rates, the maximum strains in the rubble specimens, and the proper separation time between the two loading pulses. The feasibility of the new technique is demonstrated by the experimental results obtained on an AD995 alumina.     

TNT炸药动静态变温三轴压缩力学性能的试验研究

介绍了一种高能材料动静态变温三轴压缩试验装置，在熔点以下温度，通过对国产单质炸药ＴＮＴ在中等应变速率（２－４／ｓ）及准静态（３×１０－３／ｓ）条件下三轴压缩力学性能的测试，得出ＴＮＴ的杨氏模量Ｅ、泊松比ν和屈服极限Ｙ，以及当加载速率和温度改变时这些参数的变化规律。并提出三轴应力状态下屈服极限的一种确定方法。该三轴压缩试验装置以及三轴压缩应力状态下力学参数的测试、分析、处理系统为研究高能材料力学性能提供了一套完整的技术和手段。     

高速列车穿越有竖井隧道流场的特性研究

给出了高速列车穿越隧道压力波的三维粘性流场数值模拟过程,控制方程为三维粘性、可压缩、等熵和非定常流的Navier-Stokes方程,空间离散采用了中心有限体积法格式,时间采用预处理二阶精度多步后差分格式进行离散,对隧道壁面采用壁面函数处理。在模拟中考虑了竖井的位置、竖井的断面积、竖井的数目等因素对隧道内压力及压力梯度的影响。计算结果表明,竖井的存在改变了压缩波的波前形状,从而使得隧道内的压力变化的最大值降低,因而能够降低隧道内的压力梯度最大值,但它并不能延长压力上升的时间。     

Understanding the effect of inhomogeneous fuel–air mixing on knocking characteristics of various ethanol reference fuels with RON 100 using rapid compression machine

We investigated the effect of inhomogeneous mixing of a fuel–air mixture in a spark-ignition engine on knocking characteristics and the dependency of the effect on the fuel, especially for various ethanol reference fuels with a fixed RON of 100. We assumed that a locally lean spot and rich spots exist in the end gas owing to inhomogeneous mixing and calculated their thermodynamic states with a multizone spark-ignition engine simulation. Subsequently, the ignition delay around the state was measured using a rapid compression machine at varying temperatures and equivalence ratios. The obtained results were processed to calculate ξ, which is the ratio of sound speed to auto-ignition propagation speed, and $?$, defined as the time required for acoustic front to exit the hot spot divided by the excitation time. Then, we analyzed the knocking occurrence and intensity from the locally lean spot and rich spots based on Zel'dovich and Bradley's ξ–$?$ theory. Our results show that the lean spot has a shorter ignition delay than the stoichiometric mixture (ξ?>?0) regardless of the ethanol content, whereas the rich spot does not (ξ?<?0), implying that only the lean spot can initiate knocking. This is because the temperature of the lean spot is higher than the surrounding mixture owing to its higher specific heat ratio and less charge cooling effect. In addition, the knocking intensity from the lean spot is found to be maximized with ERF0, showing the largest ${\xi }^{?2}$ value. Further analysis was conducted by dividing ξ into the effect of the temperature gradient, ξ_T, and that of the equivalence ratio gradient, ξ_?. Consequently, we found that the magnitude of ξ_T is related to the activation energy of the fuel, while that of ξ_? is determined by the dependency of the pre-heat release characteristics of the fuel on the equivalence ratio.